Minneapolis City (part 31 of 80)

The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Bethlehem Church was organized Sept. 25th, 1874, with 16 members. This was one of the earliest church organizations in North Minneapolis. No regular serv¬ ices were held until the autumn of 1877, when Rev. J. Auslund, the pastor of the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Augus¬ tana Church, began to hold weekly meet¬ ings. The church had no settled pastor until Rev. A. J. Enstam accepted a call in 1884. He is still in charge. Under his ministry the church has grown stead¬ ily and now numbers about 260 mem¬ bers. The chapel used for the first years became too small, and in 1886 plans were laid for building a new sanctuary. In 1888 the work was begun, and on the second Sunday in December the basement was first used for public worship. The building was completed in May, 1891, and on June 14th of that year was dedi¬ cated. It stands on the corner of Four¬ teenth and Lyn dale avenues north. The main auditorium has seats for 1,000. The basement affords an excellent Sun¬ day school and lecture room, the build¬ ing cost $15,000. The Sunday school numbers 150, with A. P. Berglund for superintendent. The church has also a parochial school.

Lutheran Churches

Augustana Swedish Lutheran Chureh has 1,300 members. Rev. Chas. J. Petri is pastor. The ehurch is located on the corner of Eleventh avenue and Seventh street south. The River Flat and South Side Missions are under the care of this church .

The Danish Evangelical (St. Peter's) Lutheran Church has now 200 members. Rev. Adam Darr is pastor. The church was built in 1887, and is located on the corner of Twentieth avenue and Ninth street south. It has a branch service at Alinnehaha once a month.

The Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church has 150 members. Rev.Ingvald Eisteinsen is pastor. The church is lo¬ cated on Fourth street between Ehtth and Sixth avenues north.

The Immanuel (German) Lutheran Church was built in 1886 on the comer of Eighth street and Twenty-firstavenvie south. The pastor is Rev. H. Schroeder.

The Immanuel Evangelical (Norweg¬ ian) Lutheran Church is located on Mon¬ roe street northeast between Fourteenth and Fifteenth avenues. The church was built in 1850. It has 391 members with L. J. Jerdee as pastor.

The Church of Our Saviour was built in 1870 on the corner of Seventh street and Fourteenth avenue south. There cire 1,200 members. Rev. Ole P. Vangsnes is pastor. The church sustains the South Minneapolis Alission, which was organ¬ ized in 1888, and is superintended b3'' Ludvig C. Foss.

The Immanuel (Swedish) Lutheran Church was organized in 1884. It is lo¬ cated on the corner of Fifth street and Fourth avenue southeast. Rev. Andreas Carlson is pastor. There are 227 mem¬ bers.

St. John's. Rev. A. Thiele is pastor. The church is located on the corner of Third street and Sixteenth avenue north, and was built in 1888.

The Immanuel Danish Evangelical Lutheran church is on the comer of Franklin and Twentj'-sixth avenues south and has 76 members. Rev. Anders S. Nielsen is pastor.

St. Olafs has a membership of 388. Rev. N. Iversen is pastor. The church, built in 1886, is on the comer of Brvmnt and Fourteenth avenues north.

St. Paul's Church is located on thecorner of Fourth street and Fifteenth avenue south. The building was erected in 1882. There are 461 members. Rev. Ingvald Eisteinsen is pastor.

St. Peter's Church was organized in 1887. The building is on Tenth street north between Twentieth and Twent^^- first avenues. Rev. H.W. Hartig is the pastor. There are 180 members.

Swedish Evangelical, St. Paul's, was organized in 1887, and has 125 members. It is located at the corner of East Twen¬ ty-fifth street and Bloomington avenue. A. Palmstrom is deacon.

Zion has a building, erected in 1887, on the corner of Sixth street and Twen¬ ty-fourth avenue north. There are 300 members. The pastor is Rev. J. Halver¬ son.

St. John's English Evangelical Luth¬ eran Church was organized in June, 1883, with seven members 1)3'^ Rev. G. H. Trabert, the present pastor, who began his work in January of the same year. The present number of members is 190. The Sunda3^ school has an enrollment of 200 with A. Holt as superintendent. The house of worship, which stands on the corner of Eighth avenue and Fifth street socith,was bought of a Swedish congre¬ gation in 1883, and with the grounds cost $9,000. It was remodeled in 1888 at the cost of $2,000. It has free seats for 400. There is a parsonage adjacent to the church. The whole proiiert3' is valued at $30,000.

meets in the German Lutheran Trinity church at 8 a. m. on Sunday. It was organized in 1888 and has about 60 members. The pastor is Rev. Charles Hauser.

The St. Peter's Norwegian Lutheran Church dedicated a church building on the corner of Fifteenth avenue and Mad¬ ison street northeast, JuU'' 7, 1889, and the pastor. Rev. E. E. Gyalid, was in¬ stalled. The building is of wood and modest in size. About 20 families belong to the society.

Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church (English) was organized March 12, 1890. Its location is at the corner of Garfield avenue and Twenty-eighth street. There are 30 members. Rev. F. Leatherman is ]Dastor.

Swedenborgian

On the 17th of November, 1867, a temporary" organization wms formed under the name of the Minneapolis Societ3^ of the New Jerusalem. Meet¬ ings were held in a hall or private house, conducted chiefly by laymen. A legal so¬ ciety was organized and three trustees chosen September 10, 1868. Two 3'ears later a neat frame building for worship was erected on the corner ofFifth avenue south (then known as Marshall street) and Ninth street, with seats for about 120. This was dedicated November 20, 1870, Rev. J. K. Hibbard, D. D., of Chi¬ cago, officiating. The religious society was organized in permanent form with a membership of 25, Jan. 22, 1871. The first pastor. Rev. Edward C. Mitchell, took charge of the church in April, 1871, and resigned earty in 1880. He had been, for most of this time, serving also the society in St. Paul, which, upon his resig¬ nation in Minneapolis, became his single chai'ge. Por the next six 3'ears the church had no pastor. Lay readers con¬ ducted the services. Among these was William H. Butterfield, who on October

20, 1886, was ordained and became pas¬ tor, serving as such until March, 1888. The present pastor. Rev. J. S. David, be¬ gan his work with this church in Januaiw, 1889. He was formerly connected with the Wesle\mn Methodist Church of Nova Scotia, his native province. In 1882 hewas ordained as a minister of the New Jerusalem Church, and has preached in several towns of New England and Canada. The society still worships in the little church on Fifth avenue, and is free from debt. Its members are about 40. The congregation numbers about 60. Seats are free. Services are held on Sunday" morning regularly, and during a part of the year there are Sunday even¬ ing lectures or talks. The Sunday school has five teachers and about 25 scholars. Charles F. Barber is superin¬ tendent.

Unitarian

The First Unitarian Societ3^ ofMinneneapolis was organized in October, 1881. It was to be a Society "in which people, without regard to theological differences, ma3^ unite for mutual helpfulness, intel¬ lectual, moral and religious culture, and humane work. ' ' The pastor from the first has been Rev. Henry AI. Simmons. The trustees areS. C. Gale,0. C. Merriman,Dr. A. Barnard, E. S. Corser and Dr. Geo. F. French. Robert Hale and Woodbury Fisk were among the number from the origin of the society' until their death in 1888. The Sunday service is at 10:30 A. M., with an audience of about 400, half of whom are members. There is a Sunda3' school, a Ladies' Charitable Society and a Unitv Club, with different sections for literaiw and other work. The place of meeting at first was in Elliot's Hall, on Nicollet avenue; afterwards in the Heb¬ rew S3magogue until October, 1886, when the basement of the new building was used, on the corner of Eighth street and Mar3' Place, until June of the next year. This edifice is built of Luveme quartzite, has a solid and substantial look is well proportioned, and ranks among the finest church buildings in the city. The entire cost of ground, building and furnishing was $75,000. At the dedica¬ tion service, June 5th, 1887, the pastor gave an address. The formal dedication was made in a specially prepared respon¬ sive service, and a dedicatory prayer by Rev. J. H. Tuttle, D. D., pastor of the Church of the Redeemer. Other addresses followed by Rev. Kristofer Janson, Rev. S. M. Crothers, and Rabbi H. Iliowizi.

Samuel Chester Gale was born on September 15th, 1827, at Royalston, Worcester County, Massachusetts. His parents were Isaac and Tamar Goddard Gale, and he was the seventh of ten children, five sons and five daughters. Amory, the eldest, was a clergyman of the Baptist Church, a graduate of Brown University and Newton Theological Sem¬ inary, and was long prominent as a pioneer missionary in Minnesota. Har¬ low A., a younger brother, settled in Minneapolis as early as 1856, and was to some extent the means of attracting his brothers thither.

The father of Mr. Gale was a farmer, and died when Samuel was eleven years of age. His mother, left with slender means and a large family, could do little for the education of her children, beyond sending them to the red school house of the district. At five Samuel was ap¬ prenticed to a maternal uncje to learn the tanner's trade. The experiment was not a success. His attention was fre¬ quently on his books during business hours, when it should have been given to hides, and it soon became evident he had mistaken his vocation. After 12 years of apprenticeship he obtained his release, and set about preparatory for college. This required time and no small amount of pluck and energy. He was dependent entirely upon his own exertions. Teach¬ ing school at intervals and attending academies in the vicinity he entered Yale College at twenty-two, and graduated after taking a full course. By the kindly aid of an uncle he was fortunately able to continue in college without interrup¬ tion after his entrance. He took his full share of college honors, among others having been chosen as class orator - a selection which goes to the best writer and speaker of the class.

After graduation Mr. Gale was en¬ gaged in teaching. He spent a year in the Harvard law school, at the end of which time he entered the law office of Bacon & Aldrich at Worcester. While pursuing his studies there he came to Minneapolis on a visit to his brother, and was so captivated by the attractions of the place that he did not return to the East, but continued his studies here for a few months in the office of F. R. E. Cornell, when he was admitted to the bar. This was in 1857.

At this time Minneapolis was little more than a hamlet. The profitable liti¬ gation arising out of pre-emption busi¬ ness, in 1885 was mainly ended, and titles from the government were secured. There were no extended commercial transac¬ tions to give rise for much employment of lawyers. The financial panic of that year still further limited legal business. But the keen business foresight of Mr. Gale left no doubt in his mind that there must be a future for Minneapolis, though he did not then dream that in his day it was to reach its present propoiTions. In 1860 in connection with his brother, Harlow A., and later with Geo. H. Rust and his nephew, A. F. Gale, he opened a real estate loan and insurance office un¬ der the name of Gale & Co.

Unitarian Churches

as it did, end his professional life. From the start the company commanded the confidence of the community, and took a leading position, which it has ever since maintained. In several instances Mr. Gale has bought tracts and laid them out as additions to the town plat. Among these are Oak Lake and Forest Heights, in which pei'haps others have shared, but his has been the planning and the managing head, and they have yielded him an ample fortune.

But it is not in business enterprises that Mr. Gale has been chiefly distin¬ guished, or that he has mostcontidbuted to the prosperity of the city. His tastes are scholarly and artistic, and he has done much in man\^ directions to pro¬ mote education and culture in the com¬ munity'.

As early as the winter of 1858 a lec¬ ture association was organized, of which he was secretary, and through his wise and energetic management many choice lectures were given during the winter. About this time a vocal quartette com¬ posed of the Gale brothers, C. M. Cush¬ man and wife and Joseph H. Church furnished music for the Congregational Church, and which continued for many years the best practiced and acceptable musical organization in the town , though of course, none of these persons were professional musicians. In 1860 the Minneapolis Atheneum was organized, and from the first Mr. Gale. took a deep interest in the success of the institution. For several years he was its president, and for many years was chosen on its board of trustees. When the city library was established he was appointed one of its first directors.

Commencing with the year 1871, he was five times elected a member of the Board of Education and gave nine suc¬ cessive years of devoted, painstaking and gratuitous service to its duties. The splendid school system of Alinneapolis is the work of no one man. The com¬ munity has given it cordial and unstint¬ ed support. But it may be safely said that no single citizen gave more of his busy time, and intelligent, thoughtful attention to the task of placing our public schools on the high plane they' ococcupy, than Mr. Gale. Closely allied to these schools are the Academy of Na¬ tural Sciences, and the Minneapolis So¬ ciety of Fine Arts. Mr. Gale was among the most active founders of the former, and always has been among its most efficient supporters, serving as president and trustee, and giving its meetings in¬ terest by participating in its discussions, and contributing valuable papers on subjects under investigation. He has been a director and one of the foremost ])romoters of the Society of Fine Arts, which has for some years maintained an Art School under the direction of Doug¬ las Volk, and which has elegant rooms and an Art Gallery in the Public Library Building.

The Board of Trade of Minneapolis, an incorporated body of more than twenty years standing, has been an im¬ portant factor in the growth of the city'. It has always taken watchful care of tlie interests of the city, not in business lines alone, but in municipal and economic re¬ lations as well. It has originated manv measures of the most practical charac¬ ter, among them the park system (in its inception) the several city charters, and amendments, radroad connections and river navigation. For several y-ears Mr. Gale was president and for many' years a director, and active i)articipant in its discussions and did efficient service.

When the suggestion of a permanent Exposition in Minneapolis, was first broached some seven years ago. Air. Gale threw into the enter])rise all his energy and enthusiasm. Three hundred thou- sand dollars were raised, and the im¬ posing Exposition building erected, and an annual Exposition held lasting for more than a month each year. Mr. Gale has for three years been the president and always a director, and has given of his means and a large amount of time towards insuring its success.

The limits of this sketch do not admit of mention of all the enterprises in which Air. Gale has been actively engaged, tending to promote the educational and material interests of the city. It is pro¬ per to mention in this connection, that while doing so much for the cit3^ of his adoption and love, he has not forgotten "the old folks at home.'' In 1888, Air. and Mrs. Gale erected and presented to Mrs. Gale's native town in Massachusettes, a very complete building for a high school and free public library; and Mr. Gale gave the Baptist church of the town where he was born, a parsonage.

After four and a half j^ears' residence in Minneapolis, Mr. Gale returned to Massachusetts and married Susan A. Damon, a native of Holden, that state. Soon after his return he erected the stone house on the corner of Fourth street and First avenue south, (still standing) and which for many years was consid¬ ered one of the finest residences in the city. Lately the ground is becoming valuable as business property, the Bank of Commerce building occupying a part of the original site. Recently he has built a new house on Harmon Place, fronting Loring Park. This is built of the brilliant red quartzite of the Pipe Stone quarries in southwest Minnesota, and is one of the most beautiful of the man^^ elegant residences in Minneapolis.

Five children have been born to him, all of whom are living. The eldest, Edward C. graduated at Yale, and is practicing law in this city ; a daughter, Alice, after a course at Smith college, is now the wife of David Percy Jones; the second daughter after graduating at Smith college is now spending a 3"ear in Europe; the third daughter is now in attendance at the same institution, while Charles S. is a freshman at Yale college.

This brief sketch discloses a life of un¬ usual and varied activity, spent largely in devotion to the highest interests of the city of his home. He has received his reward in the high esteem and appi'eciation of his fellow citizens. The ex¬ ample ' of such a life is of inestimable benefit to 3'-oung men, and its influence will be felt long after his labors shall have ended.

Nazareth Unitarian Church (Norweg¬ ian) was organized January 2d, 1882, with 22 members. It was called at first the Free Christian Church of Minneapo¬ lis. A building was erected in 1886, on the corner of Ninth street and Twelfth avenue south. Late in the same year the walls were blown down b3" a tornado. It was rebuilt in 1888, but the basement alone was finished, furnishing seats for 270. Here services were held until Sep¬ tember, 1889, when the main audience room was completed. The 8th of that month the building was dedicated with addresses b3^ thepastor. Rev. August Dalgren of the Swedish Unversalist church, and Rev. H. M. Simmons. The building cost $12,000, and will seat 500. A gal¬ lery when finished will seat 100 more. The number of members is 150. A. Grenigeris president of the society. Rev. Kristofer Janson has been pastor from the first, and is still in charge. The con¬ gregation is made up mostly of Norwe¬ gians, with a few Swedes and Danes. The Norwegian language is used in the services. The Sunday school numbers 50 and has Mr. Berryer for superintendent.

Scandinavian Churches

first clmrch building was erected in 1879 on the corner of Fourth street and Eighth avenue south. The large brick building now used, and called the Tabernacle, stands on the corner of Eighth avenue and Seventh street south. It was built in 1885. Lots and building cost $50,- 000. There is a parsonage adjacent to the church which cost $6,000. The main audience room has seats for 2,800. Seats are free. The Sunday school room and lecture room will seat 600. Rev. E. A. Skogsberg is pastor with Rev. W. Boqvist as assistant. The number of members for a mission of the Swedish Mission So¬ ciety, and has seats for 600. Here a church was organized in 1889 with 40 members. There are Sunday services, and a Sunday school with 60 scholars, and Mr. Lindquist as superintendent.

The Scandinavian Church of Christ is located on the corner of Seventh street and Twelfth avenuesouth. Thebuilding was erected in 1886. There are 200 members. Rev. August Davis is pastor.

is 500. The Sunday school numbers 250 with A. L. Skoog as superintendent. C. E. Larson is president of the congrega¬ tion. The church has a mission house on the corner of Eifteenth avenue north and Ninth vStreet, built in 1884, costing with lot $3,500. where there is Sunday preach¬ ing and a Sunday school numbering 75. Another mission called Riverside has Sunday service and Sunday school with 150 scholars, in a rented building at 2533 Riverside avenue south.

Evangelical Association

Highland Park (German) Church has a building on the corner of Fremont and Twenty-fifth avenues north, erected in 1888. There are 28 members. Rev. James 1. Seder is pastor.

Zion (German) has 80 members. Rev. Herman Bunse is ])astor. The church was built in 1871 and stands on the cor¬ ner of Fourth street and Sixth avenue north.

Adventist

Messiah. The building on the corner of Second avenue south and East Four¬ teenth street was erected in 1884. There are 75 members. Rev. Warren J. Hobbs is pastor.

Scandinavian Seventh Day has 40 members and a house of worship built in 1888. Public services are held on Satur¬ day at 2 p. m. The Sabbath school meets at 3:30 p. m

Seventh Day, has 92 members and a building erected in 1886, on the corner of East Lake street and Fourth avenue south. Elder A. D. Olsen is pastor and Elder H. Grant associate pastor. Servi¬ ces are held on Saturday at 11 a. m. Sabbath school at 9:30 a. m.

Hebrew

The Jewish Synagogue, situated cor¬ ner of Tenth street and Fifth avenue south was organized in 1878, and at the time of its organization had about 40 members. Their first place of worship was in a hall at 213 Hennepin avenue. From there they moved to Fifth street between First and Second avenues south. Finally they bought and removed to their present location. Rev. Friedman was pastor one year, Stempel one year, Schreiber one year and Illiouize one year. The present pastor. Rev. Samuel Marks, came to Afinneapolis in Sept. 1889. At the present time they have a membership of 75.

Adath Yeshurin. This congregation was organized in 1885 with 15 members. It holds its public service in a rented hall in Central Block on Second street south. The present number of members is 60. Rev. Nathan Gumbrirer is pastor and teacher. He has charge of the Sunday school which has 30 scholars. The reg¬ ular services are held on Friday evening and Saturday morning. The congrega¬ tion owns a cemetery near Lake Harriet which covers two acres.

"This organization is the youngest of those in the city formed for the purpose of furthering Christian teachings. It is the outgrowth of a series of meetings, the first of which was held at the Bijou Theatre, Sunday afternoon March 9, 1890, conducted under the auspices of a committee formed of members of the Sec¬ ond Universalist Church (All Souls') and the First Unitarian for the purpose of extending the scope of liberal teachings. A platform meeting was first held, being addressed by several pastors of liberal churches, S. W. Sample, at present the organization's minister, being one of the number. These meetings were continued until warm weather when they were closed. In the fall of the same year the question of resuming was considered, but this time upon a more solid foundation and with a more definite purpose in view. At the outset, however, those interested in the movement were confronted with the question, "where shall the meeting be held,'' for the manager of the theatre, during the interim, had decided to run Sunday afternoon performances. A hall centrally located was ver_v desirous. Af¬ ter considering the matter carefully and examining the most suitably located halls, it was decided to go to Harmonia Hall. The first Sunday injanuary, 1891, the first meeting under the new order of things was held, Mr. Sample speaking. At the close of the service a meeting was held for the purpose of securing names of supporters of the movement and to elect an executive committee to govern and be responsible for the future acts of the meeting. This committee was composed of the following persons: J. C. Haynes, M. L. Knowlton, J. O. Pierce, F. B. Choate, Mrs. Mary McGuire, Mrs. Rob- ert Jannison, Mrs. Kate Buffington Da¬ vis, O. J. Erickson, H. D. Stocken, S. A. Stockwell, W. O. Janery, A. W. Goodrich, J. D. Smeltzer, E. F. Clark, H. C. Chapin. One more meeting was held at Harmonia Hall when more desirable quarters were found in the Century Building, the music hall being leased for a year. The last Sunday in January the new quarters were used for the first time. The move was a good one, for from the first the at¬ tendance began to increase so that at the beginning of 1892 it was found necessary to seek for new quarters. The Lyceum Theatre was leased for 1892, the first meeting being held there February 7. This change has also proved beneficial, as the audience are taxing the capacity of the theatre and a more pronounced interest is being taken in the organiza¬ tion. Mr. Sample still continues to

The Peoples' Meeting is a non-sectar¬ ian body of seekers for the way to live the largest, and noblest, and most help¬ ful lives on this side the wall that bounds eternity. Further than this its purpose is to open to the unchurched man or wo¬ man a place in which he or she may feel and know that liberty of thought and speech are not denied them. But this organization don't mean to stop at that point, and as soon as its means will per¬ mit will fit up rooms for helpful resort. When the time shall come for it to build a home it will be such a one as has the latch string on the outside at all times, and "welcome" will be written large in every part of the structure. J. C. Haines is at present chairman of the executive committee. Dr. E. F. Clark, secretary, and J. D. Smeltzer, treasurer."

By Rev. At. C. Chapin

George Agustus Brackett. In the busy hive of workers, who have convert¬ ed Minneapolis from a straggling settle¬ ment to a compact city, there are few who have wrought more industriously, or to better purpose, than George A. Brackett. The period of his minority had been passed in the villages of Maine, where at Calais he was bom on the 16th day of September. 1836, and at Orono, to which his family removed in the year of 1847. His father, Henry H. Brackett, a mechanic in humble circumstances, de¬ scended from English ancestry, who had immigrated to Americain colonial times. George was the second son. The com¬ mon school of Orono gave him frag¬ mentary instruction in the rudiments of learning, the longest period of attend¬ ance being nine weeks. His chief educa¬ tion was in the school of adversity. From making and vending candy whilst a lad, he turned his attention to a var¬ iety of labor, as opportunity offered, chief of which was among the loggers and lumber mills of the Penobscot, de¬ voting his meagre earnings to the sup¬ port of a large family. Here he acquired that practical knowledge of affairs which

As the period of his maturity ap¬ proached, he realized the scant oppor¬ tunity which his native state afforded for the larger work which his ambition craved, and stimulated by the reports of the early emigrants from Maine to the region of the Upper Mississippi, sent home the allurements of that new region, he determined to remove to St. Anthony. With a ticket purchased on credit and a four pound Canada bank note in his pocket he set out, and arrived on the same train with one of his school boy acquaintances, W. D. Washburn. Arriv¬ ing here April30th,1857, he accepted em¬ ployment as a butcher boy through the summer, and during the winter worked on the dam of the Minneapolis Mill com¬ pany. In the following spring he opened a meat market on First street between Nicollet avenue and Minnetonka street, dressing his own beeves and standing over the block, and pursued that busi¬ ness with moderate success until the civil war broke out in the spring of 1861. During the winter of 1858-9,in connection withj. M. Eustis, he cut ice in Lake

Charitable Institutions

Pe])in, and in the spring ljuilt and loaded eight flat boats for a southern market. In ])assing the rapids at Rock Island, three of the boats were wrecked, and their contents restored to the river. The remainder was floated on to Memphis, Hillana, Ark., where so much of the car¬ goes as had not become licpiified under the smiles of the southern sun, was dis¬ posed of. The enterprise did not 3'ield sufficient profit to induce its repetition.

When the first volunteers were rendevouzed at FortSnelling he was employed by J. M. Eustis in dispensing rations to the soldiers gathered there, until the First regiment left the fort for Washington, and thence to Pools ville, where Col. Gorman's regiment was in camp. The contract to supply Gen. Stone's division with beef was awarded to him, and he commenced buying cattle and dressing his beef in the woods, and at .the same time opened a mess, which was patron¬ ized by the leading officers of the divis¬ ion.

He returned to Minnesota in the spring of 1862. During the summer the Sioux war broke out. The settlements were being devastated b\'the savages, and the settlers fleeing from their burninghomes. Mr. Brackett joined the expedition fitted out by the Government under the com¬ mand of Gen. Henr\' H. Sibley, and was given the contract to suppU' the com¬ mand with beef. While on the plains, neur where the prosperous village of North Dakota is now, on the 24th day of July, 1863, a thrilliugepisode occured, from the peril of which he barely escaped with his life. With Lieut. Freeman, of the command, he went out for a hunt, and, while ardently pursuing antelope, the}' were confronted by 15 native sav¬ ages, who ad ranced u])on them with yells. At the first discharge Lieut. Free¬ man was pierced through the bod}' with

Mr. Brackett dismounted, and giving his attention to Ids stricken companion found that life was extinct. While the Indians were pursuing the horses he ci'a wled into some tall rushes and lay con¬ cealed until the enemy departed. With¬ out hat or clothing, except shirt and pantaloons, with no water or provisions, he set out for Camp Atchinson, 100 miles away. After five days of walking he re¬ turned to the spot were the attack was made, but the body of his companion had disajipeared. Taking new bearings he again set out for Camp Atchinson. On the seventh day from the attack he suc¬ ceeded in reaching that place, with rheu¬ matic limbs, swollen feet and famished body, more dead than alive, having walked 225 miles. He rejoined Gen. Sibley's command on its return, and reached home on the first of September with a keener appreciation of the perils of Indian \yarfare and the helplessness of isolated man.

Again the summer of 1864 was spent on the plains, transporting and supply¬ ing the troops under Gen. Stdlc}', andthe garrison at Foi't Wordswoi'th with pro¬ visions.

The Indian and Civil wars being over, Mr. Brackett formed a co-partnership with the enterpi'ising firm of Eastman & Gibson, who bought and operated the Cataract Flouring Mill and the North Star Woolen factoiw. After two years the finn dissolved, and Mr. Brackett, in association with W. S. Judd, bought the Catai'act mill, and leased the Washlmrn "A" mill, which under the st\'le of Judd & Brackett, they operated for two years.

In the summer of 1869 IMr. Brackett was engaged I)}' Governor J. Gregory Smith, ])resident of the Northern Pacific Railway Company, to accompany a party of directors and others in a reconnaisance of the route of the road, across the then uninhal)ited plains. To him was assigned the duty of providing eamp supplies and transportation , while Pierre Bottineau was guide. The party proeeeded as far as the big bend of the Mis¬ souri, where Fort Stevenson is now lo¬ cated, and returned after a most success¬ ful and enjoyable trip.

The building of the road having been resolved upon, Mr. Brackett was ap¬ pointed in the spring of 1870 purchasing agent for the road, and he distributed the necessary supplies and material from the Dells of the St. Louis to Georgetown on Red River. When the surveys had been completed a contract was let to build the first section of the road from the St. Louis river to Fargo, 240 miles. Mr. Brackett's knowledge of the country and of the requirements of the work, united with the technical aid of his asso¬ ciates, enabled him to put in a successful bid for the work. Associated with him¬ self were D. Morrison, John L. Merriam, W. S. King, W. W. Eastman, W. D. Wash¬ burn, D. C. Shepard, - Balch, John

In 1873 Mr. Brackett, in connection with Anthony Kelly, built the stone block at the corner of First avenue and Second street, and during the winter en¬ gaged in packing pork, being pioneers in that business, which now occupies so large a place in the industries of Minnea¬ polis at New Brighton. During the same year, in connection with Messrs. Morri¬ son, King, Payson and Conda, he took the contract to build that section of the Northern Pacific Railway extending from Fargo to Bismarck, 200 miles, which undertaking was accomplished in two years. From that time until 1881 he was engaged in executing various rail¬ road contracts in connection with Gen. Rosser and others, and in the latter year was individually intrusted with the task of building 100 miles of the Canadian Pacific Railway, west of Winnipeg. From the completion of that undertaking to the present time Mr. Brackett has given attention to his numerous private con¬ cerns, with no little time and energy de¬ voted to public and charitable work. In 1884, when the idea of S3^stematizing and economizing private charity, led to organizing the Associated Charities, Mr. Brackett opened, largel^^ on his own ac¬ count, the "Friendly Inn" on upper Wash¬ ington avenue, where meals and lodging, with baths were furnished at cheap rates to those who were willing to work, but unable to find it. A wood yard was opened, and the willing workers were furnished with employment, and given in return wholesome food and clean beds, with elevating and restraining influences. This was continued for three years, with contributions from the community, but at a constant drain upon Mr. Brackett's purse, to the amount of thousands of dollars.

Recognizing his zeal in this benevolent work, and his fitness and persistency in it, he was made president of the Associ¬ ated Charities, and that work has be¬ come one of the most beneficient amongst the philanthropic institutions of Alinneapolis.

Gov. Merriam appointed Mr. Brackett a member of the State Board of Correc¬ tions and Charities, on which he has served without compensation other than the consciousness of following a bene¬ ficient work for the poor and unfortu¬ nate.

But the public and official charitable work, in which he has been engaged, have been the least of his benevolences. This sympathetic heart has prompted to unceasing deeds of helpfulness and char¬ ity. No person in distress, or want, in poverty or misfortune, has ever appealed to him in vain. And when any public in- terest has had need of energetic leader¬ ship, the appeal has been instinctively made to "George." Especially in rais¬ ing funds for public piirposes, few occa¬ sions have arisen when he has not been upon the finance committee, and generalh' the solicitor, and the opulent citizen always "comes down " at his persistent appeals.

At the present time Mr. Brackett is president of the Minneapolis Stock Yards and Packing Compand", a corporation using a capital of $1,000,000, and own¬ ing a large tract of land, liberally fitted up with stock 3^ards, packing houses, ice houses, a fine brick hotel, and other ac¬ cessories, at a suburb called New Brigh¬ ton, six miles northeasterh" of Minneap¬ olis. To reach their establishment the company' has constructed a railroad line, diverging from the Northern Pacific at Fridle3', and ending at the Minnesota Transfer. Here cattle and sheep are re¬ ceived from the ranges of Alontana, wat¬ ered, fed and rested, and such as are not bought b3" the Stock Yards Compan3', or sold for local consumption, are shipped to eastern markets. The compan3' do a large business in slaughtering and packing beef and pork - a business which is growing to gigantic propor¬ tions. Thus the experience gained b3' the butcher-bo3" of the Penobscot is util¬ ized in the management of one of the most extensive and localh' important enterprises of the Alississippi valle3'.

Man3' 3^ears ago Air. Brackett pur¬ chased the fine homestead of the late Col. C3'rus Aldrich, which has been his home, and from which has been dispensed a genei'ous hospitalit3\ He also accpiired that picturesque site, upon the north shore of Lake Alinnetonka, then known as "Starvation Point," and built upon it a neat cottage, which, under the name of " Orono," has become one of the most beautiful summer houses upon that charming water, surrounded with flow¬ ers, for which he has enthusiasm, with gardens 3delding the most luscious grapes and summer fruits, and 3'achts which of¬ ten take the cup in the numerous regat¬ tas, Starvation Point has become a verit¬ able "Garden of the Lord."

The domestic life of Air. Brackett has been shared Iw a helpful and devoted wife. His marriage took place on the 19th of August, 1858, to Anna AL, daughter of William Hoit, who passed awa3' from life in December, 1891. Seven sons and one daughter survive, and one son and two daughters have died in childhood.

So energetic and efficient a man has not escaped frequent calls to public serv¬ ice. In the roll of public officers of the Town of Minneapolis we find him in 1865 appointed overseer of highwa3's, and the same year siq^ervisor. In 1867, at the first cit3' election, he was chosen aiderman of the Third ward, and again the following 3'ear. In 1869 he was made chief engineer of the fire department, which he was chiefly instrumental in or¬ ganizing, and which he brought to a high degree of efficienc3', and continued in that position until 1872, when from an acci¬ dent on the Northern Pacific railroad, from which he providentialU^ escaped with his life, he was incapacited from the active labor of a fireman. A silver trum¬ pet, presented on his retirement bv the fire compain' to which he belonged, is a memento of the appreciation in which he was held Iw his comrades.

In 1873 Air. Brackett was elected ma3'or of the Cit3'of Alinneapolis over a popular competitor. Judge E. B. Ames. He a])pointed as chief of jjoliee R. W. Hanson, and U])on "the force" Alichael Hov ; men whose fidclit3' and fitness he had learned Iw long acquaintance. The administration of cit3' affairs was a new dci)arturc. So energetic was it in its crusade against public vices and immor¬ alities, that the following year a mayor was elected, w^ho wms sujDposed to be willing to hold a looser rein over social evils.

After his retirement from the cit3" government Gov. Cushman K. Davis ap¬ pointed Mr. Brackett surveyor general of logs and lumber for the Second Dis¬ trict, which important and responsible position he held b\^ successive annual ap¬ pointments for eight r^ears. When the organization of the Park Board of the City of Minneapolis, Mr. Brackett was appointed one of the park commission¬ ers. This office he held for six years. His selection was indicated by early efforts to secme parks for the city, and by his taste and enthusiasm in floral culture and rural embellishment. While a member of the town couneil, as early as 1865, he had presented a resolution providing for the acquisition of a public park, and in 1869, introduced into the council a resolution to bu\^ that 40 acre tract of land between Third avenue and Nicollet street, extending from T wentieth to Twenty-fourth streets, which was of¬ fered lor $25,000, for a park, and also for the establishment of parks in the First and Fourth wards, at a cost of $10,000 each, but their efforts did not meet wdth popular sanction, and the opportunties to acquire lands which are now worth hundreds of thousands of dollars,were allowed to pass away. Mr. Brackett's labors upon the park board were so efficient and generally appre¬ ciated that upon the organization of the State Park Board he was appointed a member of that commission, and to his efforts at a critical time in raising $100,- 000, the purchase money of the lands which had been selected for the State Park at Minnehaha, andplacingit in the state treasury, the success of that meas¬ ure is due, and the City of Minneapolis, instead of the State of Minnesota, wms -enabled to secure that valuable tract, and to acquire for generations to come the beautiful "laughing water.''

In politics Mr. Brackett has always acted wdth the Republican party. He is a member of the PHmouth Congrega¬ tional Church, and of the Masonic broth¬ erhood.

Mr. Brackett has for many years taken an active part in the enforcement of the laws regulating the liquor traffic, as well as in efforts for the reformation of the unfortunate victims of intemper¬ ance. At the occasion of public meetings in Minneapolis upon the fourth anniversar}' of the reformation of the temper¬ ance evangelist John G. Wooley, which were devoted to raising funds in aid of Rest Island, Mr. Brackett placed five thousand dollars in the bank for the ben¬ efit of Mrs. Wooley. The fact only became known, when Miss Francis Willard, to whom the secret was imparted, made it public.

This sketch can be no more fittingH closed, than by quoting a paragraph which appeared in the city press, whileit was being prepared, which is a graphic characterization of its subject. Says the Minneapolis Journal:

"No man in the cit^^ deserves better of his fellow-citizens than does George A. Brackett. Every inch a manW man, strong in his convictions and calm, wise and judicious in counsel. Enterprising, j'-et conservative. A typical, public-spir¬ ited Northwestern man; one whose brawn and common sense are of the kind that builds up a new country and makes big cities grow as by magic in a few years. Always ready when a tender hand is needed to smooth a dying pillow, a level head to conceive the best plan for any emergenc}^ or a strong arm to push forward any enterprise to benefit his ci tv and his fellow-men. A manly incarna-

Richard Martin was liorn in Lower Red Hook Landing (now BaiTytown), Dutchess Count3% N. Y., November 16th, 1821. His father was Major John J. Martin, and his mother's maiden name was Margaret Roos. He was the3"oungest of three children; two of whom, Anna S. Russell and Walter S. Alartin, survive him. His mother died when he was ten months old, and his father when he was seven, leaving him an orpan at the earl 3' age of seven 3"ears.

Air. Alartin was all his life a great sufferer from ill health. At two 3-ears of age a spinal disease developed, occasion¬ ed by a fall, from which for some 3^ears, he suffered excruciating pain, and al¬ though he recovered from it, he was left deformed for life. As soon as he was able he attended district school in Red Hook, and later entered the Dutchess Count3" Academy at l^oughkeepsie, N.Y., and finished his studies at the Kinderhook Academ3' nnder Dr. Aletcalf, a teacher of prominence in those da3-s. Af¬ ter finishing his studies, he taught school in Red Hook and Rhinebeck for some 3 ears, with marked success.

He did not propose, however, to adopt school teaching as a profession, as he had a strong predilection for an active business life, and believed he possessed qualifications which would insuresuccess in a broader field than that of teaching.

In 1847, he went to the cit3' of New York, and shorth' after entered the large wholesale house of Hatch & Yale as as¬ sistant bookkeeper. Here he developed such capacit3' and fidelit3Mo the interests of his emplo3'ers that he was soon pro¬ moted to head bookkeeper, a most rcsponsil)le position, which he held for sev¬ eral 3'ears, to the entire satisfaction of the firm.

Aleantimc, close confinement and in¬ tense application to business, had in 1853, so impaired his health, that it be¬ came an imperative necessit3', th£it he shoidd change his occupation, and seek some more active, out-door emplo3unent. The same 3-ear he visited St. Anthon3', and was so well pleased with the counti-3' and climate, that he decided on a perma¬ nent location hei'e. In 1854 he estab¬ lished a banking house and loan office in that village. His capital consisted at the start of the few thonsand dollars he had saved from his earnings, and, what was of more value, an unsullied charac¬ ter for honest3- andintegrir3'. This from the first commanded the confidence of the community, and laid the foundation for the fortune he so honorabh- acquired. After the financial crash of 1857 he dis¬ continued the banking business and con¬ fined himself to loans and the care of his real estate, in which he was eminenthsuccessful. He was compelled to fore¬ close man3- mortgages subsequent to 1857, and therein- became the owner of a considerable amount of real estate in the cit3-, which he carried for several 3-ears. But so judicious were his invest¬ ments, that in almost ever3Hnstancethis propert3- largely appreciated in value while he owned it.

The life of Mr. Alartin in Alinneapolis was unusualh- quiet and uneventful. His naturally retiring and diffident nature, added to the affliction before spoken of, led to restricted social intercourse, though he became warmh- attached to the friends who won his confidence. To such indeed, so strong was his affection, that it amounted almost to a prejudice, and there were no lengths to which he would not go to aid them incaseofneed. There are rich men to-da3- in this cit3- who might have been penniless had he not extended aid in their hour of need.

methodical, exact and scrupulously hon¬ est. What was his right he demanded, and accorded the same to others. Having been educated in early life to make his books balance to a penn3dn transactions involving hundreds of thousands of dol¬ lars, he carried the habit through life. His business was closed each day, so that were he to die suddenH, his executors could settle his estate with everj^thing prepared to their hand. He never deferred to the morrow the duty which should be done to-day.

But the most striking features in his character were his deep religious convic¬ tions, and his earnest sr^mpathy with the poor and afflicted. He was brought up in his youth under the influences of the Reformed Lutheran church, but on his removal to Adinneapolis, he connected himself with the Protestant Episcopal church, of which he continued a devout member to the time of his death. His re¬ ligion was not a mere profession - he car¬ ried in into all the concerns of his dailj' life. The ruling principal of his life was to do unto others as he would be done by. But even a higher principle entered into the estimate of his responsibilities. He held himself as a steward accountable to God for the use of his faculties and the wealth he had earned. His constant study was, how he might be of use to others. His benefactions to the poor and to benevolent objects during his life time were liberal. He denied himself of many things usualH considered comforts, not for the sake of hoarding moner^ but that he might have the more to give. His desire, as expressed to the writer of this sketch, was so to live and use his means as to make others better and happier, not onl3^ during his life time, but especially that his wealth should do the most good possible after his death.

as he believed suitable provisions for his near relatives, he bequeathed the bulk of his fortune, (estimated at about $400,- 000), in nearl3^ ecjual proportions to St. Barnabas hospital and the Sheltering Arms, an orphan asylum, and both lo¬ cated in Minneapolis. Of the former in¬ stitution, he had been a trustee for sev¬ eral 3'ears, and taken a deep interest in its welfare. To the latter he had been a generous contributor during his life time. To the readers of this sketch, it will seem natural that his bequests took this direc¬ tion. His own experience of life led him to I'eflect deeply on these objects of char¬ ity. It is a most fitting memorial of an unselfish and pure Christian life, which he has left to bless humanity we may hope for all generations, after he has passed awa3^

Mr. Martin was never married. He was accustomed for several years pre¬ ceding his death to spend his winters in the south, owing to the precarious con¬ dition of his health. He died suddenly at White Springs, in Florida, Januarx' 15, 1890, his uncle, Edward Martin, and his most intimate and devoted friend, being with him at the time. He was buried in the famiU" burying ground at Red Hook, N. Y.

In the earl3-3'ears of Minneapolis there were no organized charities, because none were needed What poverty and suffering there may have been, found read3^ relief in private personal ministries. The peo¬ ple thrown together in the new town, generally young and enterprising, were able to care for themselves. Any case of distress would be known at once and neighborly kindness would offer its suc¬ cor. With the growth of the city, cases of want and suffering would multiply and could not all be reached by personal and individual service. During the last twenty years the charity of kind and generous hearts has organized itself, and now is prepared to do, and is doing its noble work on a large seale, in manifold and wise ways, and with an equipment and efficiency not surpassed in any of our American cities. The work of women in fordwarding and sustaining institu¬ tions of benevolence, as shown in the fol¬ lowing record, is specially notewortlw, and deserves the high honor it will surely receive wherever known.

The purpose of the Association is to develop the Christian character and use¬ fulness of its members, and to promote the spiritual, moral, mental and physical well being of 3"oung men. It aids j^oung men who come to the citr"- in finding a suitable boarding place, and also in obtaining emplormient. It offers oppor¬ tunity for pliA^sical training in its gym¬ nasium, entertainment and social advant¬ ages in lectures and receptions, and men¬ tal culture in eveningeducational classes, and in its library and reading room. Good fellowship is assured throughout. It is thoroughh' unsectarian, but an active auxiliarj' to the churches, having for its chief aim to secure the beginning and growth of true Christian character and life, and making all its methods and activities tributary to this.

Its running expenses of more than $600 a month aremetmainly by contributions from the business men of the citrq who appreciate the society and its work. Alembers of the Association pay an annual fee of $2.00.

For man\" years the Association had no permanent quarters. At present - 1889 - it has central rooms in the Srmdicate block. Nos. 519-521 Nicollet avenue. But it needs larger accommodations and Yer\' much better facilities for its work. It has therefore commenced the erection of a large and handsome building at the corner of Tenth street and Mary Place. When completed according to the plans, the building will be an ornament to the cit\', and will be admirably suited in ever}" wa^-^ to the varied needs and enterprises of the Association. It will probably be ready for use in January, 1892. The estimated cost is $130,000. Of this sum $95,000 have already" been pledged; Mr. H. O. Hamlin, an ex -president of the Asso¬ ciation, gives $10,000, the largest single srdiscription. Among the contributors are manr- prominent business and pro¬ fessional men, who give this practical proof of their confidence in the society, their estimate of its usefulness, and their desire to help it on to larger success.

There is a Twenty-sixth street branch, a junior department, and a ladies' auxiliar3G The I'ailroad department has rooms at 21 Second street south ; was organized in 1885, and has grown to great importance. It is supported largeh' b3' appropriations from the railroads, and its members are employees of the roads centering in Minneapolis. The Association is doing the cit3'- excellent service, and promises much for the future.

Woman's Christian Association. President, Mrs. G. H. Miller; secretaiw, Mrs. L. S. Lansing. The first or one of the first organized charities of the cit3', founded in 1866 as the Ladies' Aid Societ3q taking its jiresent name w ith en¬ larged xfians in 1868. Its siiecial objects are thus stated in the constitution; to re¬ lieve the temporal and sxfiritual wants of the poor; to assist them in procuring emplo3unent; to provide homes for the homeless and befriend the friendless; to clothe and gather into Sabbath schools the children of the destitute, and to dis¬ tribute Bibles, tracts and religious news¬ papers whei'ever needed. An important object shall be to establish a Woman's Home, in which the working woman and the stranger may find the protection, S3unpathy and comfort of a Christian famil_v at moderate cost. Also to estab¬ lish and maintain homesfor aged women and aged ministers and their wives.

The Woman's Boarding Home was opened in Ma\', 1874. A new building was erected and the Home reopened Sept. 1,1878. It will accommodate 70 board¬ ers; is located at No. 409 Sixth street south. A branch home was opened in 1886 and provides a comfortable board¬ ing place at ver}'- low charges, also fur¬ nishes transient lodging and meals which are given gratuitoush^ to women with¬ out mone^" and work, at No. 817 Nicollet avenue.

Judge E. S. Jones has given the Asso¬ ciation 80 acres of land on Cedar lake, with a large house and doidile cottages upon it, valued at $100,000, for a home for old ladies and aged and retired min¬ isters and their wives. B3' the bequest of Mrs. William jM. Harrison the Associ¬ ation has 1'eceived $35,000; $30,000 for the old ladies' home and $5,000 for en¬ larging the Woman's Boarding Home. The Jones-Harrison Home for aged wo¬ men was opened June, 1888.

The relief work is in charge of a visi¬ tor, Mrs. P. H. McMillan. This workis personal and is a principal aim of the organization. The Association has 126 directors, re])resenting 30 churches of seven denominations.

St. Barnabas Hospitat. - St. Barna¬ bas hospital is one of the oldest charita¬ ble institutions in the cit3'. It was orig¬ inally founded bv the Rev. D.B. Knickerbacker, rector of the church of Gethsemane, March 1, 1871, when the first patient was received in a private buildinglocated on the corner of Washington avenue north and AIarc3' street. Later, two valuable lots and a frame building were secured at its present site, corner of Sixth street and Ninth avenue south. April 14, 1874, the biiilding was dedicated by the name of Cottage Hospital. The orig¬ inal brick addition was donated by the Hon. H. T. Welles in 1882, and known as the Welles Pavilion. In the same year the name was changed to St. Bar¬ nabas Hospital by vote of the Brother¬ hood of Gethsemane, which had taken an active interest in its charitable work. In September, 1883, the institution was dul3' incorporated with a board of twelve trustees. It is conducted under the aus¬ pices and control of the Protestant Epis¬ copal church, but patients are received irrespective of nationalit3' or religious belief. In 1886, another brick addition was built, with amphitheatre for per¬ formance of surgical operations, the whole with equipments costing $10,000, which is all paid for. The present capacit3' of the hospital is about seventy-five patients. At present the hospital has no endowment, and jDatients, able to pa3q are charged a reasonable amount for rooms and care. By the aid, chiefl3' of the Episcopal churches, a considerable amount of charitable work is done. An able staff of phvsicians and surgeons is connected with the institution, who ren¬ der their services gratuitous^. The pressent officers are: John I. Black, presi¬ dent; Lero3' Robertson, secretaiw and treasurer.

The society has for its object "the pro¬ motion of moral purity, by offering a home to erring women, who manifest a desire to return to the path of virtue, and bj^' procuring emplo3unent for their future support." Article third of the constitution provides that any women of pure moral character ma\^ become a member of this society b^" subscribing to the constitution, and the payment of one dollar annuallj^ for its support. Each donor of twenty-five dollars at any one time, or in part payments during the year may became a life member.

As a refuge for such as are willing to lear^e their life of sin, a house was rented in 1876 and Bethany Home was opened. The need of more room occasioned sev¬ eral successive removals, until in October, 1886, the Association took possession of the present home, the gift of Air. and .VI rs. H. F. Brown, of Alinneapolis, lo¬ cated on Biwant avenue between Thirtyseventh and Thirth -eighth streets south¬ west, and well fitted and furnished for its uses.

The secretaiw says in her report for the two years ending Oct. 1st, 1888: "It is not a small matter that in these two 3'ears we have given shelter and care to 163 homeless, destitute, outcast women; outcast in the sense of having neither home, shelter, or means to procure the same, and 174 children. Some of these children are brought under our care by stress of circumstances; illness or death of mother, throwing them upon the De¬ partment of the Poor, the\" are sent to us for care and to be provided with suit¬ able homes. Many more are waifs, de¬ serted and cast out b\" the unnatural in¬ humanity ofparents or relatives. Though no part of our original plan, our work for the children is no small benefit. If all that we did ended here it would repay the community to support the Bethany Home and Christians to work with it. Whatever the antecedents of the unfortu¬ nate nameless babies they are here and have a right to stay; a right too to the best chance that can be given them."

Harriet Granger Walker. Airs. Walker is a native of Berea, Cur^ahago County, Ohio. Her father was Hon. Fletcher Hulet, a prosperous business man, and proprietor of a quarry of the famous sand stone, and manufacturer of the grind stones known throughout the country. Her mother was a Granger. Both parents came to Ohio from Berkshirecounty, Massachusetts. Herpaternal grandfather was a soldier in the Revo¬ lutionary war, and was at the battle of Bunker Hill. Miss Hulet entered the Baldwin University at Berea, and pur¬ sued the classical course until the close of the junior 3^ear. She gave special at¬ tention to vocal and instrumental music, and after leaving the university taught music for two years. Among the stu¬ dents at the university was Thomas B. Walker, who jirocured means to con¬ tinue his studies by teaching, and was employed by Mr. Hulet to travel in the interest of his business. An engagement of marriage was made between the two, and in 1863 Mr. Walker, having decided to make a home in Minneapolis, returned to Berea, and on the 19th of December of that year, they were married by the Rev. J. Wheeler, their fonuer college pres¬ ident, and brother-in-law of Miss Hulet.

All the married life of Mrs. Walker has been passed in Minneapolis. Their first home-making here was full of trial, self-denial and hard labor for both, for Mr. Walker's business for many years kept him for months together in ever\^ year away from his family and home. This added much to the labors, cares and I'esponsibilities of the young wife. But they were united in their determination to possess a home, and to perform with¬ out shrinking the ditties of life, whether light or heavt". It is needless to add that theenergi'of the husband, seconded by the love and fidelity of the wife, brought the desired boon. The begin¬ nings were humble as restricted means required. As prosperti" increased thei^ surrounded themselves with more of the elegancies of life, and indidged a taste, shared by both, in books and art. P'or many years the elegant home on Henne¬ pin avenue has been a retreat for the busy man, a nursery for the growing children, and the center of a refined and generous hospitalitiv

Eight children have filled the home with the life and joy that only children can bring. The eldest, Gilbert, has been for some years associated with his father in business, and has been manager of the extensive mills and lumber business of the Red River Lumber Compan^^ The second son, Leon, when but 18, just as he had joined his elder brother in busi¬ ness, was stricken with brain fever, and death in one short week bereft the family of one tenderly loved, and whose cher¬ ished memory will live in the hearts of the home circle. Two daughters and four sons remain at home.

aimed to develop sound bodies as well as alert minds. Freedom from all but wholesome restraint has brought out the individuality, and discovered the bent and taste of the child, while the learning imparted in the school, and the devotion taught in the church, have en¬ riched the intellect and touched the heart. Both Air. and Airs. Walker are advocates of what may be termed natural as against repressive education. The pub¬ lic prints have contained papers of great interest and value from the pen of Mr. Walker, emphasizing this phase of edu¬ cation. No subject, it must be confessed, is of greater importance in our educa¬ tional methods.

While Mrs. Walker has had morecare of children of her own household than the average among women, she has been throughout her whole life an active par¬ ticipant in the work of the church, as well as in labor among the poor and suf¬ fering members of the community. Con¬ nected for many years with Centenaiw M. E. Church, and later with Hennepin Avenue Church of the same denomina¬ tion, she has been among the most ac¬ tive and indefatigable members of the churcli, in bringing people within its sanc¬ tifying influence, and incariwing its char¬ ities to the needy. Gifted in mind and consecrated in heart, she is a leader among women.

During latter years she has assumed a more public position. For the last 16 years she has been secretary of Bethany Home. The establishment and maintainance of that charity was her work in connection with tlu'ec or four other ladies, all mothers. It seeks to relieve and reform women whom most other charities abandon. At first in rented buildings, a Home was established, and such women, and children as their straightened means would care for, were gathered and ministered unto with the devotion of Magdalene. It Avas not a work appealing to the SAonpatliies of the commnnitv. Under reproach and some¬ times opprobrium, the devoted ladies lab¬ ored on, conscious of a consecrated pur¬ pose, and receiving the benedictions of the frail and despairing subjects of their ministr3^ Little bj" little their work gained in public appreciation. It was recognized Iw the city avithorities, and received appropriations from the public funds, or compensation for caring for the cit^^'s poor. At last the heart of a generous citizen was touched bA' the quiet but efficient AA^ork of these protestant Sisters of Mercy, and funds AA^ere contrib¬ uted to purchase a lot and build a com¬ fortable house. Bethany Home is noAv AA'ell established, and among the most beneficent, if not popular, of the citA^'s charities.

For nine A'ears Airs. Walker has been president of the NorthAvestern Hospital Association. This institution is designed for the care of Avomen and children. It too, has been so abH managed, that it has a most coiiA-enient and commanding home of its oaaui on Eighth aA'enue.

Mrs. Walker AA^as naturall3" led by her S3nnpathetic nature to engage in AA'ork for the reformation of the intemperate, and allied herself with the Women's Christian Temperance Union. When that association assumed a partisan political position Airs. Walker, though outA^oted AAms not con\dnced, and true to her own conAuctions of duty, associated AA'ith those AA^omen AAdio organized a non-par¬ tisan association. She AAms recognized as a leader, and for the last tAA^o 3'ears has been the single Auce president of the National organization, and president of that of the State of Alinnesota. These dvities necessarih" throAA^ upon her great labor and responsibilit3'. She is required to attend tlie annual meetings of the so¬ cieties, and to dcA'ote much thought and time to the jdI aiming and direction of the great AA^ork in hand. With an attractive home, AAUth AA'ealth to command anyluxui'y or indulgence, Avith a high social position, she forsakes the avocations of the mei'eh" elegant AA-oman, and dcA^otes herself AA'ith carthusion fidelity to the service of the poor, despised and need3'.

Northwestern Hospital for Women AND Children, No. 2627 Chicago ave¬ nue. - President, Airs. H. G. Walker; secretaiAq Airs. Prof. Bradle3" ; superin¬ tendent, Dr. Cora B. Roberts. This Asso¬ ciation AA'as organized in November, 1882, by a fcAV earnest AA^omen, Avho Avere sure Alinneapolis needed a separate hospital for AA'omen and children, and that Avomen should supply the need, and that the3'- AA'Cre the A^ery AA'omen. The beginnings AA'ere small, but courage and faith made the enterprise an earh' success. The Association wms incorporated under the laAVS of Alinnesota, Ma3' 3, 1883.

To proA'ide for AA'omen and children medical and surgical aid b3" regularh' qualified AA'omen ph3'sicians. To train nurses to care for the sick. To train 3mung AA'omen for domestic serA'ice.

The by-laAvs provide that an3^ lad3' pa3dng not less than one dollar annuall3^ shall be entitled to a A^ote at the annual meeting. Gentlemen pa3dng five dollars annually shall be considered honorary members of the Association. Subscribers paAong fift3' dollars at one time can become life members. Subscribers pa3'- ing $250 annualh^ are entitled to a free bed, AALich shall be knoAAOi by their name as long as the3" support it. B3' the pa3'- ment of $5,000 a free bed ma3' be pei'- manently endoAA'ed.

grown with the growth of the institu¬ tion. In no part of the work, says the president, in her declicatoiw address, is the community more interested than in the prosperity and success of this school for nurses.

The building, erected b3" the Associa¬ tion, was dedicated in 1887, four and a half 3"ears from the date of the first pre¬ liminary meeting, Mrs. William M. Har¬ rison's becpiest of $20,000 pa^dng apart of its cost. This is one of the three buildings called for b\" the complete scheme. The ground was given b^" Mrs. M. L. Stewart.

Patients admitted are women and children with any disease not incurable or contagious, and married women for confinement. Patients able to pay are charged a reasonable scale of prices, pro¬ portionate with the privileges desired.

The Hebrew Relief Society is under the management of ladies. It was organ¬ ized about 1882 for the relief of the poor. Members pay an annual fee of $6. Mrs. Harpman is president; Mrs. L. J. Mich¬ aels, secretaiw.

The Sisters of Peace is a Hebrew charitable association, managed b^' ladies, for the relief of the sick. Mem¬ bers are elected bt' ballot on application and the patunent of an initiation fee of $3. They also pa\^ cin annual subscrip¬ tion of $3. President, Mrs. Weitzner; Mrs. Gumbincr, secretaiw; Mrs. John Gruenberg, treasurer.

Sir AIoses Montefiore Relief As¬ sociation. This association was founded October 26, 1884, in commemoration of the one hundredth anniversar3' of the birthday of the noble ]ihilanthropist whose honored name it bears. The ob¬ ject of the society is to give relief to worthy and needy Israelites. AinHsraelite mav become a member bv enrollins: his name and contributing at least fifty cents per month. There are now ( 1889) 67 members, whose pa3nnents amount to $37.00 per month. The officers re¬ ceive no pa3L and the whole income is expended incharit3\ Thesecretar3' sa3's; "We have, as we believe, effectualh^ stopped street begging among our peo¬ ple, and by timeh" assistance have en¬ abled man3" to become self-sustaining.'' The societ3" has had the same president and secretar3" from the beginning, viz; President, Max Segelbaum ; secretaiw, Nathan Schack ; treasurer, R. Rees. The trustees are Sander Segelbaum, Max W. Frank, E. Bernstein, David Weiskopf, Leo Bliimenkranz.

Woman's Industrial Exchange. - Established Oct. 1, 1883; incorporated Oct. 1, 1886. Its general purpose is to aid women by helping them to help themselves, and to further this design, it maintains a depot for the reception and sale of woman's work, at 25 Fourth street south, where lunch is served dail3", Sunda3"s excepted . It has an upper room devoted to the comfort of the business women of Minneapolis, witheas3" ehairs, lounges, a piano, facilities for writing, and a library of interesting books. The morning papers and fresh magazines are alwa3'S found on its center table, and a heart3' welcome awaits an3' tired woman who ma3" come for an hour's rest and quiet.

Members pa3" an annual fee of $1.00. A pa3'ment of $24.00 additional makes a life member. Five dollars paid anniiallv makes an honoraiw member. The Exchange needs an invested fund and a home of its own. It is a wise and worthv charit3', rightW claiming a large membershi]) and large ])atronagc.

The Associated Charities. Organ¬ ized December 16th, 1884. Reorganized December 14, 1885. Incorporated Feb¬ ruary 20th, 1889. Ofiicers in 1891: President, Geo. A. Brackett; secretar\% Geo. D. Holt; treasurer, Anthony Kelly. The central office is in the Rochester block, 21 Fourth street south, rooms 111 to 114. Article two of the constitu¬ tion states the general purposes of this corporation as follows : 1. To promote co-operation among all the charitable agencies of the city. 2. To learn what persons need aid. 3. To engage societies and individuals to take care of them. 4. To prevent fraud and the giving of in¬ judicious aid. 5. To reclaim from pau¬ perism by encouraging thrift, self de¬ pendence, industry and better modes of life, through friendly sympath3'' and advice, as far as possible securing em¬ ployment for the poor. 6. To form a bureau of information for the benefit of any society or individual that may need its services.

The Association according to article three, shall consist of all the charitable organizations of the city that wish to co-operate, and each organization shall elect annually one of its members as its official representative. These represen¬ tatives constitute the Central Council of the Association.

The following named officials shall be ex-officio members of the Central Coun¬ cil, viz: The mayor of the city, the su¬ perintendent of the poor, the chief of police, the city physician, and the pas¬ tors of the city churches. The council may elect additional members not ex¬ ceeding one-fourth of the number of rep¬ resentatives. The association is guided in its action by the following principles :

1. That there shall be no exclusion from relief on account of creed, politics, or na¬ tionality. 2. That there shall be no at¬ tempt at proselytism. 3. That there shall be no interference with existing be¬ nevolent or charitable societies. 4. That no relief be given by this organization excejot in very urgent cases of immediate necessity, and pending investigation. 5. That the control of the organization shall never be in the hands of the clergy.

There is a bureau of information, in¬ vestigation and report maintained at the central office. To this office all to whom applications for aid are made are requested to send the applicants. An employment bureau is also established for the purpose of furnishing to all men and women applying, employment in the way of odd jobs, free of charge to the applicant. These jobs often lead to reg¬ ular employment.

At the central office a full record is kept, as far as is practicable, of all the families and persons in the city who need help of any kind, bj^ means of which charitable people may find worthy recip¬ ients for their contributions, and may also furnish work for those who are will¬ ing to work.

There is an emergency fund which depends wholly upon the voluntary con¬ tributions made expressly for it, and is used for immediate relief of present dis¬ tress, wKere such relief is necessary prior to furnishing employment.

A system of friendly visitation is in operation, by which volunteer visitors render personal service without reference to the association for which they act. In the three district conferences alread\' organized there are fift\" such visitors, and more are needed.

Women, Stevens avenue and Thirty-sec¬ ond street east. - President, Mrs. John S. Pillshury; secretary, Mrs. W. M. Tennej'. As originally incorporated Novvemher, 1881, this was The Children's Home Society of Minneapolis, and had its humble beginning in the purpose of a few benevolent women to provide a re¬ treat for neglected children. The plan was enlarged and thenewname adopted June 23, 1885.

The Home proposes to care for and protect women who, from old age and other infirmities, are in need or depend¬ ent, and to rescue from evil and misery such children as are deprived of their natural protectors. Its plan of opera¬ tion is to provide and maintain a home or asylum for such children, and to bind out or place them where they may re¬ ceive the cai'c and protection of which they have been deprived.

The terms of membership are as fol¬ lows : Any woman may become a mem¬ ber of the corporation by std)scribing her name on the books of the corporation, and by paying an ad mission fee of $1.00.

Article IX of the By-Laws, reads as follows: "No denominational prefer¬ ence or sectarian relations shall be per¬ mitted to govern any of the acts or oper¬ ations of this society, either in elections or benefactions."

For the year ending Oct. 1, 1888, the number of children cared for was 103. Since the reorganization of the Home up to this date, it has sheltered twelve old ladies.

A building suitable for the work of the society was completed in 1880, on the corner of Stevens avenue and Thirt\'- second street, Mr. Harvey W. Brown giving $10,500 towards its cost. The needs of the Home are met 1)3" member¬ ship fees and by contributions from churches of every denomination, and b\" the gifts of individuals in mone3' and sup¬ plies of furniture, clothing, fuel, provissions for the table, etc. A reception is given each year from which a handsome sum is commonly added to the resources of the society.

The Washburn Memorial Orphan Asylum was opened in 1886, and dedi¬ cated in June, 1887. At the dedication a report was read by the president of the board of trustees, Hon. W. D. Wash¬ burn; some paragraphs of which are here given:

Among the many generous and mag¬ nificent bequests made 1)3" the late Ex- Governor Cadwallader C. Washburn, in his last will and testament, was the one of $375,000 for the founding and en¬ dowment of an orphans' home in, or rather near the cit3" of Minneapolis. His wishes and purposes with respect to this bequest are indicated in the following words which I quote from his will:

"It is my intention during my lifetime to found and endow an orphan as3"lum near the cit3' of Minneapolis, in the state of Minnesota, for the benefit of orphans and half orphans having a legal residence in that state, and in memor3" of m3" be¬ loved mother, to be called 'The Wasliburn Memorial As3"lum.'

October 8th, 1883. The first formal meeting of the Board of Trustees was held July 28, 1884, when a permanent organization was effected. The atten¬ tion of the trustees was first directed to the securing of a suitable site in accordence with the provisions of the will,whieh directed that the site be located outside the corporate limits of Minneapolis, and suggested that not less than 20 acres of land be secured for that purpose. The trustees unanimously agreed upon the site upon which the building was sub¬ sequently erected. The building was completed and ready for occupancj'Nov. 1st, 1886, and the first child admitted Nov. 26, in the same year. At the time of the dedication 30 or more fatherlesss and motherless children were cared for in the asylum.

By the terms of the bequest, "Any child under fourteen years of age, whether orphan or half orphan, shall be received without any question or distinetion as to age, sex, raee, color or religion, and shall be discharged at the age of fifteen.''

It has been estimated by the trustees, and the dimensions of the building were based largely on this estimate, that the income arising from the endowment fund, originally $300,000, will provide accom¬ modations and maintenance for one hun¬ dred ehildren, and it is believed the time is at hand when this number of orphan children will be receiving all the advant¬ ages and benefits whieh an institution of this character can furnish.

"In deseribing this as3'lum the words of the Psalmist concerning Jerusalem are appropriate; 'Beautiful for situation.' Its noble elevation, its eommanding out¬ look, its handsome setting among the trees, its grassy slopes in front, its ai'tistically constructed walks and roads, and its hill standing like a guarding sentinel in the rear are all harmonious adjuncts of the stately pile itself. However rapid the cit\"'s outward march may be; how¬ ever much it ma\^ enroach on our now vacant suburbs, these grounds are large enough to preserve their retiracy and their solitariness intact forever.

"The honor of securing these grounds by purchase, of having them cleared and prepared for the purpose now applied to them, and the still greater honor, the signal honor of donating them to the as^duni, and thus swelling the original bequest to manythousands more, belong to our well known and honored citizen, the president of this association, W. D. Washburn.''

The site, a fine tract of twenty acres, loeated in the town of Richfield, is now wdthin the corporate limits of Minne¬ apolis, at the corner of Nicollet aventte and Fort3^-ninth street south. In Octo¬ ber, 1891, the As3ditm contained 88 ehil¬ dren.

St. Mary's Hospital was opened in 1886 under Roman Catholic auspices. It reeeives patients of any religious per¬ suasion or of none. It has used w^hat is known as the old Murphy mansion west of Riverside park, facing Sixth street. In 1890 a new building adjoin¬ ing the other was completed, a fine struc¬ ture of brick, w^ell arranged and furn¬ ished for its uses, costing $33,000. Both buildings are now used, and togethei will accommodate one hundred patients. The management is in eharge of ten sis¬ ters. The institution is nearly self-sup¬ porting, though much charitable work is done. One hundred dollars gives the donor the privilege of sending to the hos¬ pital an3^ person who is a fit subject for its care and treatment.

south, in one of the most healthful and attraetive parts of the city of Alinneapolis. The building is of brick, and contains 20 sunny, home-like rooms. It was just finished when seeured for hos¬ pital uses. Maternity Hospital was opened Nov. 30, 1886. The next Juh- it was incorporated with a full board of directors, Mrs. Josephine C. Leonard be¬ ing president; Mrs. Marv Hendei'son, vice president; Mrs. Ella M. S. Marble, secretary; Mrs. Edith J. Kelley, treas¬ urer, and Mrs. Laux'a Beach, auditor. The directors were as follows; Drs. Martha G. Ripley and Carrie Wilber, Mines. Priscilla M. Niles, M. Falk Gjertsen, George H. Trabert, Mar3^ Leaeh, Drs. MarA' E. Emer\" and Bessie P. Haines, of St. Paul, Mmes. J. M. Hobron, Elvira N. Lawrence, Rebecca S. Smith, Maria H. Wells, Margaret M. Cochrane, Martha A. Dorsett, Jane A. Wilder, Maria B. Leonard, Emma L. Drennan and Carrie B. Russell.

Seetion 1 of the articles of ineorporation states that "The name of this cor¬ poration shall be Maternity Hospital. Its place of location shall be Minneapolis, Hennepin count\^ State of Minnesota. Its object shall be to provide a lying-in hospital for the confinement of married women who are without means or suita¬ ble abode and care at the time of ehildbirth ; it may also admit girls who have previoush" borne a good charaeter, but who, often under promise of marriage, have been led astra\', and also care for destitute children born in the institution. This eorporation shall have power to purchase and hold real estate for the pur¬ pose of said hospital, and to sell, convey' or excliange the same or an\' portion thereof, and may also loan on real es¬ tate securit\' the surplus funds of said hospital, or purchase municipal, state or United States bonds with such surplus funds for the purpose of providing an inci'ease for said hospital." Article 3, section 2, provides that the general man¬ agement of the hospital shall be under the care of competent homoeopathic women ph\'sicians who are members of the board of directors. Article 3, sec¬ tion 3, proAudes that " An\' pliA'sician of good standing in anA' school may put suitable cases in the hospital and attend them, svdjject onh' to its general rules."

Maternity Hospital was the offspring of necessitA'. Late in the autumn of 1886, Dr. Riplej", impressed by the eonstant demands on her as a practicing phA'sician for an institution of this kind, but A\dth no idea that thcA' could be real¬ ized, rented a small AA^ooden house on East Fifteenth street. With some assis¬ tance from friends, she proA'ided here aecommodations forthe first patients. Ap¬ plications came in rapidh', and before the end of the firstmonth,she was forced to remove to larger quarters. This was rendered possible Iwthe liberalitA' of Mr. L. F. Alenage, who for nine months do¬ nated the use of a large building in North Minneapolis. Seeing that the hos¬ pital was llkeh" to become permanent. Dr. RipleA' plaeed it free of debt in eharge of aboard of direetors, the adult patients at that time numbering 17. ItAA'asthen incorporated as Matemit\' Hospital, its first matron being Mrs. AlarA" C. Andei'- son. After two A'ears of xery effieient serA'ice, she resigned. Miss Emih' Paddock succeeded her, and has proA'ed a lad A' eminenth' qualified for the position. Her untiring de\'otion, and firm, A'et gen¬ tle and intelligent rule, haA'e greath' pro¬ moted the efficiencA' and success of the institution.

This work is broad and unsectarian. Any pliA'sician of good standing can i)ut cases in the hospital and eare for them. .\s it has been impossible to cai'e for more than one-fourth of those who have a])pHed, onlv the most need\' and the most worthy cases have been aceepted ; but it has been the aim of the directors to see that all who apply find shelter somewhere, and are not left to the temp¬ tations of suicide and child -murder. They believe that, even were it possible to bring under one roof all in need of medieal help, this would not be advisa¬ ble, and advocate smaller and separate hospitals, where eaeh elass of patients may be isolated, and reeeive individual eare. Small hospitals and more of them, is a rule that especially applies to such in¬ stitutions as this, which has to be both morally and physically helpful. Only su¬ perficial observers will say there are al¬ ready too many hospitals in Minneapolis.

Maternity Hospital, although limited in accommodations, still needs alarge and zealous body of womento do its required work. It was not primarily the design of the directors to receive children, but it has been found best to retain them for a time, and for purposes of adoption.

From this quiet home, whieh is pro¬ vided for confinement eases, all conta¬ gious diseases are excluded. The married eared for here are of two classes : Those who cannot be accommodated in their own homes orboardingplaees, and those who live in the eountry remote from good medical care. These can be treated by the hospital faeulty at moderate rates, or should they prefer to do so, provide their own nurses and physicians. The other class is made up of deserted wives who are penniless or nearly so. Such patients are not desired in the general hospitals. If not taken in here, their only refuge is the poor-house.

Unmarried women who have hitherto borne good characters, are admitted here for their first confinement only. If their record at the hospital is good, they can return to it when out of a place, and remain until one is seeured. For many, this is the only home.

The patients are charged according to ability to pay. None have ever been turned away for laek of money. Few have ever paid in full. This being the case, the work can never be self-sustain¬ ing. It must depend upon its friends for help, and needs large-hearted men and women who will aid it by their means and influence.

The largest contribution yet received has come from Mr. L. M. Stewart, the next largest from Mr. S. C. Gale, and Mrs. Kate Rand Ogle. Many of our citizens have contributed sums ranging from $100 down. Twenty-eight ladies, by the payment of $25, or more, have become life members of the eorporation. Among outside contributors may be men¬ tioned that large-hearted man. Bishop Phillips Brooks. The " widow's mites " Iiave been gratefully received. But for them, the work of the the hospital must have ceased. The building when first opened, was comfortably furnished by generous friends singly and in societies.

During its first year. Maternity Hos¬ pital cared for 75 patients; 45 children were born. Last year the total number eared for was 193. Of the 51 women admitted for confinement, 12 were mar¬ ried and 39 unmarried. Fifty women and 12 children were also cared for tem¬ porarily. Of the 47 infants born, 27 were taken away by their mothers. The restand five others found good homes b3" adoption. The total number cared for in the five years has been 642. Nine diff¬ erent physicians have given gratuitotis service, but the main burden of such ser¬ vice during all these years has fallen upon Dr. Ripley, the attending physician, circumstances having prevented the other women physicians of the eity, whose co-operation she has sought, from giving much time to the work.

The hospital last year was helped over finaneial straiLs Iw Air. F. H. Wen¬ dell, who borrowed mone}" for its needs, adding a generous eontribution of his own. The reeent financial report, states that the financial affairs of the hospital were never in so good a condition as toda}'. It also states that during the year 1890, the hospital gave its patients over and above the money received from them , the sum of $3,000 in board and nursing, and double this amount, reckoning at the rates charged in other hospitals. It declares that care and nursing are often the easiest part of the work done by the hospital for its patients, and adds these words :

"Our greatest and most important work is to sustain and encourage them to rebuild their broken lives; to place them in situations as free from temiDtation as possible, and strengthen them so they ma3" successfully resist it when it does come. Another work equally im¬ portant is to find good Christian homes for helpless and innocent children, and watch over them afterwards; also to find the right places and work for our "tempory class," and temporary" means from a few days to as man^" months in some instances. In short, this is our work, to help the helpless, and shelter the homeless." The medical report sa^'s:

"As it is within the province of the physician, not only to point out causes of disease, but to suggest preventive measures as well, \'our earnest attention is called to the greatest cause of such sad statistics as ours. This is the different standard of morality for men and wo¬ men. A 3'oung man niaj" lead an impure and immoral life, and the world thinks little the worse of him. At the most he is but 'sowing his wild oats;' it is assumed that he will stead\' down; no one remem¬ bers this against him, while his part¬ ner in sin (though she ma\'be his victim), is degraded for life. In the 3'ears past, she has had no refuge but the grave, and kind hearted women who have attempt¬ ed to shelter her and encourage her to lead a better life, have been told that lhe3' were encouraging vice."

One wa3' to purif3' the moral atmos¬ phere is to exact the same standard of morals for men as for women. The father of an illegitimate child should be as much under the ban of good societ3" as the mother.

Our bo3^s must be taught that purit3' of life and thought is as necessar3' for men and bo3's as for women and girls. The standard of virtue for men must be higher, or the degradation of women will go on, and such hospitals as this con¬ tinue to be a necessity."

In her last annual report. Airs. R. S. Smith, the president, alluding to the married women deserted b3' faithless husbands, and thrown upon the charit3' of the hospital, sa3's :

"If our S3'mpathies e x t e n d e d n o farther, and our work stojDped at this limit, the world, no doubt, would ap¬ plaud, and many realh" good people would think we had done all that dut3' required of us. But there are hands reached out to us b3' those to whom help must come. There are tear-dimmed e3^es pleading with pathetic agon3'. Shall we refuse to touch the eager hands? Shall we ignore the pleading? Shall we ' pass b3" on the other side?' Our Savior did not so. If we would iffease Him, we must follow as He leads, and thus it has come about that a never-ending proces¬ sion of the Lord's poor and unfortunate ones has been passing in and out through thedoorsof this hospital all these 3'ears."

The present officers of Maternity Hos¬ pital are as follows: President, Mrs. R. S. Smith; vice president, Mrs. W. M. Brackett; secretary, Mrs. A. P. Stacy; treasurer, Mrs. W. M. Lawrence; house treasurer, Mrs. S. W. Fiske; auditor, Mrs. Sanford Niles, and matron. Miss Emily Paddock.

The work of Maternity Hospital has far outgrown the present building, which at the maximum, accommodates 25 adults and 16 children. Being the only institution of its kind in our city and state, it is often uncomfortably crowded. While reiterating their objection to large general hospitals for these patients, the directors feel their work crippled by the want of room, and appeal to generous, philanthropic citizens to aid them in the erection of another building commensur¬ ate with their work and with the mar¬ velous growth of our cit3^

Martha George Ripley, M. D., is a native of Lowell, Vt., and was born Nov. 30th, 1843. Her parents, Francis and Esther Ann Rogers, removed to the Northeast Iowa Indian Reservation in 1844, being the first white settlers in that region. The doctor distinctly re¬ members as a child of five years, watch¬ ing the embarkment of the Indians at Prairie du Chien, for their new home be¬ yond the Fort Snelling Reservation. Brought up in the arduous but independ¬ ent life of a large farm,with energetic and intelligent parents who were deeply in¬ terested in all the reforms of the da3^.

Martha earl3' became a student of public questions and a philanthropist. Even in the then hospitable West, her father's house was noted for its hospitality. It was the home of clergymen of all denom¬ inations, and one of the stations of that "underground railway" through which many a fugitive slave reached Canada. Martha was unwearied in her care of these unfortunate ones, and would deny herself luxuries that they might enjoy them.

At the breaking out of the war she of¬ fered herself as hospital nurse, but being considered too young for such service, devoted her energies to the Sanitary Commission, and raised large amounts of money and supplies for the soldiers.

Born with a hunger and a thirst for knowledge, she made the most of the rudimentary instruction of the country school and the village academy, and fit¬ ted herself for ateacher, which profession she followed for several years, then as now, giving her spare time to reading and study, and becoming thoroughly in¬ formed upon the great topics of the day.

In 1867, Miss Rogers married Mr. William W. Ripley, in whom she has found a life-companion in full sympath3" with her ideas and aspirations. Soon af¬ ter, she removed with her husband to his old home in Eastern Massachusetts. Here she spent several years in quiet, happy, home-life, devoting herself to her family, to philanthrophic and benevolent objects, and the enfanchisement of women. Dur¬ ing these years her reading had been largely upon medicine, a vocation to which she felt herself especially drawn ; and in 1879 she entered Boston Univers¬ ity Medical School, and took a full course, graduating with honor. In the fall of 1883 the famity removed to Minneapolis, and she entered upon the active practice of her profession.

pathic ph3^sicians of the city, with a large practi c in which she has been remark¬ ably successful. Here in Maternity Hos¬ pital, one of the most beneficent charities of the Northwest, she has reared a monu¬ ment that will perpetuate her memor}'. Here as ever\'where else, she has proved herself the friend ofthe friendless, the con¬ soler of the sorrowing, the wise counse¬ lor and efficient helper ofthe unfortunate.