Minneapolis City (part 52 of 80)

About the same time Plympton wrote and caused other letters to be written to the Department favoring a large reservation. Writing himself, he declared that the interests of the military post (the future of the country and the welfare of the people being tlisregarded) demanded the reservation he had marked on his map. Surgeon John Emerson (Dred Scott's owner) wrote, in April, that the reservation ought to be "twenty miles square, or to the mouth of the St. Croix River."

"All persons not attached to the military from erecting any building or buildings, fence or fences, or cutting timber for any but for public use within said line, which has been surveyed and forwarded to the War Department subject to the final decision thereof. 'Sly order must, as a matter of right, more particularly aliiule to jiersons urging themselves within the lines at this tinu\"

Meanwhile the settlers had not been idle and unconcerned. About the time of the making of the treaties, in 1837, they had a hint that they were to be turned out of and awa.v from their homes and from the reservation as soon as the treaties w-ent into effect. Thereupon they sent a memorial to President Van Buren upon the subject of their ini|)ei-iled situation. They said that they had settled upon lands which they were assured belonged to the public domain; that they had only exercised the privileges extended to them by the benign and salutary laws under whose operation other parts of the Western country had been peopled ; that they had erected houses and cultivated fields upon the tracts they occupied ; that many of them had large families of children that had no other homes; that the labor of years had been invested in these homes, and they appealed to the President for protection in them. They further asked that, if in the pending treaty the lauds they occupied should be purchased from the Indians for a military reservation and they ejected from them, then, and in that case, a provision should be inserted in the treaty providing for a just payment to them for their improvements.

This memorial seems to have been prepared by H. H. Sibley and among its many signers (some of whom could not write) were Louis Massie, Abraham Perret, Peter Quiun, Antoine Pepin, Duncan Graham, Oliver Cratte, Joseph Bisson, Louis Dirgulee, Jacob Falstrom, and Joseph Reasche. Numerous descendants of the first seven named now live in the State. Jacob Falstrom, subsequently connected with the Methodist missionary service, and who was married to a Chippewa woman, was the first Swede to permanently settle in Minnesota. All the signers were white men but all those named except Perret and Jlassie had Indian wives.

Yet the impassioned remonstrances of the settlers were without avail. No provision to pay them for the improvements they had made was inserted in eitlier of the treaties, and they were commanded to abandon their homes and little farms and go across the river, to the east side, into the Territory of Wisconsin, and outside of the reservation. Some of them left during the summer of 1838: a few left the country entirely, going down to Prairie du Chien. Those who remained did so in the hope that there would be an intervention in their favor - that something would turn up. Certain influential persons endeavored to have Maj. Plympton become satisfied with the departure of several settlers, and for a time he was quiet and let those who had remained dwell in peace in their humble homes.

But in 1839 Plympton broke out again. He declared that all settlers sliould be driven from the reservation at the muzzle of the musket and point of the bayonet if necessary. The reason he assigned was that some of them were selling whisky on the east side of the river, and that therefore everybody on both sides should be driven away. Now, there was an illegal and very harmful liquor traffic being carried on by four I'stnblishmeiits east of the river. These were conducted by Theodore j\Ienk and "Nigger Jim" Thompson, on the east bank; Pierre Parrant, down at the Fountain Cave, and Donald McDonald, on the plateau back of the Cave. For this misconduct some 40 or 50 innocent men and their families were expelled from their homes on the west side to make new homes on the east side. There were no exceptions. The wife of Abraham Perry, good old "Aunt Mary Ann," was an accomplished and expert midwife, or accoucheuse, and the married ladies of the garrison at the Fort begged Plympton to allow her and her husband to remain, but the ofiSeer was inexorable.

The result was that the settlers went away from the west side of the river to the east side - though some of them did not go far enough eastward until in 1840, when they were again evicted by the U. S. Marshal from Prairie du Chien with two companies from Fort Snelling. The people were forced to move all their property away. The soldiers, under the direction of Marshal Ira B. Brunson, threw their furniture and other belongings out of their cabins and then burned the cabins. The settlers went down to about where the "Seven Corners" now are in St. Paul, and some of them farther below. The whisky sellers also moved farther down; Jlenk and "Nigger Jim" were closed up, but ilcDonald and Parrant kept on selling whisky.

Effects Of The Evictio.N.

Had the unjust and unreasoning ]\Iajor Plympton (really he was only a brevet-major at the time) allowed the settlers to remain on the west side of the Mississippi, about Fort Snelling, what mighty and everlasting good would have been effected!

The people he drove away formed a settlement which in time became St. Paul. Had Plympton allowed them to remain near Fort Snelling, their settlement would in time have become the nucleus of a great and powerful city extending from south of the Minnesota northward to beyond St. Anthony Fails and east and west from the Mississippi to beyond Lake Harriet. Within these boundaries would now be a solid, compact city ; suburbs would be beyond these borders.

Fort Snelling, if not abolished, wonld now stand on the east side of the river. The State capitol buildings would probably stand where Stephen A. Douglas wanted Ihem to stand, on that "heaven-kissing hill" which we call Pilot Knob, with the State House on the crest visible 50 miles away in every direction.

There would be no St. Paul, no Twin Cities, but one great, magnificent city, larger by far and better in all respects than the aggregated cities as they now are.

The 157 souls, "in no way connected with the military," which Lieut. E. K. Smith found in the fall of 1837, were enough, with their 200 horses and cattle, to start a city with. The first plat, after old St. Anthony, might have been laid out near Fort Snelling, but in time it would have extended clear up to the Falls.

But for the ungenerous and even tyrannical disposition of Major Joseph Plympton. dressed in his lirief authority, Minneapolis might today, or in the near future, be a strong rival of Chicago. It is a very good and a very great city as it stands ; perhaps there is no use in making it any better, but it may well be made greater.

Messrs. T. A. Harrison, H. G. Harrison, and William M. Harrison, brothers, after a long business career in St. Louis and its vicinity came to Minneapolis in the later fifties and soon thereafter engaged in the lumbering liusiness. On the death of William, about 1875, the two surviving lirothers discontinued the lumbering business, and having had extended experi(>nce as directors and olTicers of Itanks in Belleville, III, St. Louis, Mo., the First National

Bank, St. Paul, and in Minneapolis banks, tliey decided to start a new bank in ^Minneapolis. They enlisted the cooperation of several of the leading business men in the city and organized the Security Bank of ilinnesota, a State bank, which opened for business January 2, 1878, on the northwest corner of Hennepin Avenue and Third Street, with a paid in capital of $300,000 and with a board of seven directors: T. A. Harrison, president; H. G. Harrison, vice president; Joseph Dean, cashier; C. E. Vanderburg, J. M. Shaw, Franklin Beebe, and W. W. Mc- Nair, directors.

The Security Bank soon had a fair share of the banking business of the city and within three years had increased its paid-in capital tirst to .ii400,000, then to .'^1,000,000. It continued to occupy the banking building on the corner of Third Street and Hennepin Avenue until 1890 when it reiuoved to the Guaranty Loan Building, on Second Avenue South and Third Street, where it continued until the fall of 1906 when it removed to its present quarters in the Security Rank Buildi'ig. The Security Bank of Minnesota was conducted under its state charter as a State bank until June 1, 1907, when, pursuant to the laws of the United States, it was converted into a national banking association under the name the Security National Bank of ^linneapolis, and has since been operated as a national bank. The stockholders from the tirst were careful to select conservative men for directors and officers of the liank and there have been few resignations.

In addition to a Board of Directors, the officers of the Security Bank consist of a president, four vice presidents, a casliier and three assistant cashiers. All of the present officers of the bank have been many years in its service. jNIr. Perry Harrison has the longest record of continuous service, having entered the bank's employment in 1878 as messenger.

Minneapolis Trust Company

Among the financial institiitinns that meet a n-al and growing demand in the cf.mmtinity and (hat are important factors in aiding to push forward the development and improvement of the city, the IMinncapolis Trust Company occupies a prominent position and commands attention by the strong hold it has upon the confidence and regard of the community and the conservative and careful ])usiiiess methods whereby it secures and maintains that hold.

This useful and progressive institution was founded in 1888 and had its otrices in the Kasota Building, at the corner of Hennepin Avenue and Fourth Street, until 1894 and for a number of years thereafter on the corner opposite at 331 and 333 Hennepin.

It was organized by one hundred of the leading citizens of Minneapolis, its tirst official staff consisting of Samuel Hill, president; Thomas Lowry, first vice president ; H. G. Morrison, second vice president ; Clarkson Lindley, seci'ctary and treasurer, and these gentlemen, together with James J. Hill, H. F. Brown, A. F. Kelly, Daniel Bassett, Isaac Atwater, A. H. Linton, C. G. Goodrich and Charles A. Pillsbury constituted its first Board of Directors.

President' and trust officer, Elbridge C. Cooke; vice president and treasurer, Robert W. Webb; vice presidents, James S. Bell, C. T. Jaffray, William G. Northup ; secretary, D. I. Case ; assistant secretary and treasurer, Benjamin Webb; assistant trust officer, A. B. Whitney ; assistant treasurer, H. 0. Hunt.

The offices of the company are now at 109 Fifth Street South. A new building is in course of erection between its present location and the New York Life Building. During the erection of that building the company will occupy temporary offices in the New York Life Building, as during the construction of its new safety deposit vaults the transaction of business in its present quarters will be rendered impossible.

When completed the new safety deposit vaults of the company will be thoroughly up to date. Contracts have been let to the Diebold Safe and Lock Co., and the vault construction will be most modern in every resjiect as to shell, electric protection, steel lining, doors, time locks, etc. The boxes will be of more generous size than those usually furnished and will be equipped with interchangeable locks such as are now being put in in the best institutions in the country.

The resources of this large and growing institution aggregate a total <;f over one million and a half dollars, inclucling a guaranty fund with the State Treasurer of a quarter of a million dollars. This guaranty fund stands as a surety for the faithful performance of its duties in all its fiduciary relations and is accepted b.v the State of Minnesota in lieu of bonds.

The names of the men at the head of it furnish sufficient guaranty of its ability to carefully and honestly manage its business and to meet everj' requirement of conservative and legal investment of the funds intrusted to it.

And to this end it acts as executor, administrator, guardian, and trustee and is thoroughly equipped to manage estates and to make investments, having well organized bond, farm loan, and city loan departments.

Its real estate department is under efficient management and is equipped to care for the real estate business of the company in its various trust capacities and for all clients who desire to transact their business in connection with real estate with a reliable, efficient, and financially responsible agent.

The history of the company has been one of growth. Its first and most important department is for the execution of tnists. It has added various departments, necessary to enable it to properly carry out its trust functions.

The policy of the company is well defined in this regard, and it believes that the public desires and will sustain a trust company in this community that is not complicated in any way with commercial banking or the risks incident thereto.

Minnesota Loan And Trust Company

This institution, founded on May 1, 1883, was the first trust company organized northwest of Chicago. Its founders composed the law firm of Koon, Merrill & Keith, with Eugene A. Merrill, the firm's senior member, as the originator and leading .spirit of the project. The company was organized in 188.3, as has been stated, with Mr. Merrill as president, George A. Pillsbury as vice president, and Edmund J. Pheljjs as secretary and treasurer, these gentlemen also being directors. The other directors at the beginning were : Thomas A. Harrison, Theodore B. Casey, John M. Shaw, Samuel A. Harris, Mart B. Koon, Joseph H. Thompson, Anthony Kelly, Frederick W. Brooks, Robert B. Langdon, ]\Iortimer L. Higgins, Valentine G. Hush, and Nelson F. Griswold. Mr. Phelps retired as secretary and treasurer in 1892 and was succeeded by F. M. Prince, now president of the First National Bank.

The company has had a profitable business from the .start, and, as the rates of interest have been higher upon the same classes of securities in the West than in the East, it has succeeded in attracting a laree amount of Eastern capital to the city of Minneapolis and the State of 'Minnesota. Its reputation as a careful and judieinus investment corporation has steadily grown Tintil the present time, and during the more than thirty years of its history it has done a larger business in investing Eastern capital, and Weste'rn

In the meantime, the company's business of acting as trustee, for which it was primarily organized, has increased with the growth of estates in the city and State; and it is in this field that the public is more benefited by the careful management and financial strength of the corporation than in any other. That this fact is appreciated is evidenced by the great number of trusts which have already been satisfactorily administered by it as well as by the steadily increasing number and size of those which are committed to its care and management.

The original capital stock of the company was $200,000. This was increased in the second vear of its history to .1!300.000, and in 1885 to $500,000, fully paid. In 1909 the company affiliated with the Northwestern National Bank, and at that time its capital was increased to $1,000,000. In addition it now has a surplus of $250,000. ]\Ioreover, the two institutions have a combined capital and surplus of $6,890,299.75, and deposits aggi-egating $31,302,630.43.

Mr. Merrill continued as president of the company for twTnty-.seven years, and since his retirement fro>n that office he has served as chairman of the board of directors. The active officers in 1913 were : E. W. Decker, president ; W. A. Durst, A. M. Keith, vice presidents; H. L. Moore, secretary and treasurer; H. D. Thrall, assistant secretary; I. W. Chambers, assistant treasurer; S. S. Cook, cashier, and J. R. Byers, assistant cashier.

In the course of its business, with the view of making itself as broadly and practically useful to the community as possible, this great institution has establi.shed a safe deposit department. This has proven to be so popular and highly appreciated that it now has a greater number of patrons than any othei city. A money deposit department has also been established, which allows interest on savings and i:iactive accounts. The deposits in this department at this time aggregate $3,000,000.

The conservatism of its board of directors and the prudent and judicious management of its affairs which characterized the earlier years of the company's activity have continued throughout its history, and. with its enlarged cajiital and clientele, and its affiliation with the richest and most influential and imposing national bank in the Northwest, its jiresent business and rate of growth are greater than at any previous period. All tiiist funds and investments are kept separate and apart from the assets of the company, and every precaution is taken for the protection of every customer in evei-y way and to the fullest possible extent. These facts, however, are so well known that there is scarcely any need of stating them here, and none at all of dwelling on them.

The State Institution For Savings

This well-known bank is regarded throughout the State as one of the safest, soundest and mast progressive savings institutions in the Northwest. It has a paid-up capital of $400,000, which is iowr times that of any other bauking iustitution iu the State devoted exclusively to savings. It contiues its business wholly to handling savings, on which it has for 25 years paid four per cent interest. These features give it special advantages in caring for the class of accounts it carries, and protecting those who have them. The men in charge of its business are of superior ability and well trained iu this particular line of banking.

The funds of the bank's depositors are invested entirely in real estate mortgages, and the institution is under rigid State inspection and supervision. All the officers and directors are under bonds, guaranteeing the faithful performance of their duties. The bank is wholly a IMinneapolis enterprise and transacts its business in a very handsome and imposing building of its own, built by Minneapolis labor, and located at 517 Firet Avenue South.

The bank was founded in 1888 as a mutual savings institution and in 1899 it was capitalized at $400,000. Its first officers were: Dr. W. A. Hall, president; W. E. Johnson, vice president ; II. E. Fairchild, secretary and treasurer: and they, with George E. Bertrand, Howard "W. Field, James D. Shearer, C. H. Chikls, James W. Plain, and John W. Knight, were directors. The present guarantee fund of the institution amounts to $200,000, and its resources aggregate more than $1,000,000.

In the management of its business and the treatment of its patrons this bank is up to date in every particular. Its officers are men of affairs, keenly alive to all the ins and outs of banking, and well trained in their work. They know just how to secure the largest and readiest returns from any outlay. Every employe is strictly required to show the utmost courtesy and consideration to every patron and give prompt and efficient attention to every call, whether the account involved be large or small. All are also under rigid injunctions to fully explain to inquirers all features of the business. In consequence of this policy and the general wisdom of its management, the business of the bank has grown to very large proportions and its reputation is high and widespread.

Farmers' And Mechanics' Savings Bank

This institution has existed for forty years. According to an official statement made by the board of trustees at its beginning, its object is "to provide a perfectly safe depo.sitory for savings and to invest such savings in the best securities. It will receive no biisiness accounts, nor will it transact a general banking business." As an evidence of the care and prudence with which the institution is managed, its regulations require that investments of deposits be made only in the authorized securities prescribed by the laws of the State of IMinnesota, which investments are examined regularly by the public examiner of the State. The strict manner in which the regulations are obeyed, and the high character and ample resources of the men in control of th» bank's affairs give proof of its strength and security that the people have found to be entirely satisfactory.

a mutual savings bank, without capital stock, under the general laws of the State passed in 1867. The incorporators were H. T. Welles, Clinton Morrison, "William Chandler, Charles McC. Reeve, E. H. Moulton, Paris Gibson, W. P. Westfall, Thomas Lowry, and A. D. Mulford, and they also constituted the first board of trustees. They met and organized for business at the offiee of Thonias Lowry, October 10, 1874. Before the end of that year the bank began receiving deposits. It occupied at the first a small room on Washington Avenue, under the Nicollet Hotel, By Januai-y 1, 1875, the deposits amounted to the very substantial sum for that period of $17,540.55.

In April, 1875, under authority conferred by an amendment to the original savings bank law, permitting the capitalizing of savings banks, the board of trustees amended the articles of incorporation so as to authorize the issue of capital stock amounting to $50,000, which was subscribed for and issued. In 1879 a new savings bank law was enacted, which was substantially the same as the present law. The next year, under the provisions of this law, the bank again reorganized, retired all capital stock, and amended its articles of incorporation to conform to the new requirements. It thus once more became a mutual savings bank witiiout capital stock.

In the meantime, however, in 1878, when the deposits had increased to over $100,000, the bank moved into the red brick building on the southeast corner of Washington and Nicollet Avenues. The business kept on increasing more and more rapidly, and in 1886 the deposits aggregated more than $2,000,000. The great and growing volume of its transactions forced the institution to move into larger quarters, which it did by securing commodious rooms in Temple Court. The move was a wise one, which was soon made manifest by the leaps and bounds with which the bank went forward in its new and better location and with its augmented facilities.

By 1891 the deposits had gi'own to over ,$4,500,000. The amount of business requiring the attention of the bank had now become so great that the trustees decided to erect a building for the use of the bank alone. This building was completed in 1893, and since then has been continuously occupied by the bank and used for no other purpose than the business of its owner. It was the first building erected and used exclusively for banking purposes in Minneapolis.

Jaiuiarv 1, 1906, Ihe number of depositors had reached a total of 51,041 and the deposits amounted to $12,674,154.54. April 1, 1913, the depositors numbered 64,748, and the deposits were $15,940,067.05; of the deposits $41,771.10 were made by school children, numbering 24,712. During its existence the hank has paid out in dividends to depositors the sum of $7,640,453.10. The figures are striking in their magnitude; the progress of the institution is thoroughly characteristic of the community in which it operates, in its rapidity and steadiness ; the volume of bu.siness it has transacted and is now carrying on is in keeping with the spirit of the age, and of the people among whom it has had its growth. But there are to^ tals which cannot be stated in mathematical aggre- gates. Among these are the benefits it has conferred on the community, the homes it has helped to build and keep in comfort for their inmates, the habits of thrift and frugality it has engendered, and the vast contributions it has made to aid in the development, conduct, and expansion of great industries, to say nothing of the good it has done in moral, intellectual, and social

One of the mo.st interesting features, and one productive of a vast amount of good, is the school saving system operated by the l'''armers' & Mechanics' Savings Bank since 1908. In this department the children of the public schools throughout the city are encouraged in forming the habit of saving their pennies instead of spending them, and the figures are most surprising when one stops to consider the large sums that are gathered annually from this one source.

In operating this system the bank employs a number of young women who are interested in the work and capable of explaining its operation to the children. They visit the schools at stated periods and receive from the children their small savings. Each child is given a stamp-card which holds brightly colored lithographed stamps ranging from one cent to one dollar, and when filled amounts to five dollars. No interest is paid uiion the stamp account, Init as soon as five dollars is collected, the child is advised to open a regiilar savings account, with some reliable savings bank in the city, the adviser making no effort to influence them to open their account with this particular bank. These accounts are subject to the control of the parents or guardians, and no child is permitted to withdraw its savings without their consent. A great deal might be written on this suliject that would be of great interest to the people of the city. Suffice to say that since this one department of the bank has been opened, it has grown to such an extent that there are now over twenty-five thousand school children eaiTying savings accounts with this bank alone, and June 14, 1912, their total deposits amounted to nearly fifty thou.sand dollars.

Another interesting feature is the fact that the largest number of depositors are from the schools that are attended largely by the children of the working classes, and that the smallest per cent of savings is gathered from the schools where the parents are wellto-do people. Minneapolis ranks first of any of the Western cities in the number of school children with savings accounts, and this is due almost wholly to the interest that the Farmers' & Mechanics' Savings Bank has taken in this particular line of work.

Scandinavian American National Bank

sentiment that the banking business of Minneapolis had become so concentrated in large institutions that there was a field for a bank of moderate size. The original capital was $250,000. Deposits came in so fast that it was immediately evident that an increase in capital was necessary, and therefore it was increased to $500,000 before the bank was six mouths old.

Mr. N. 0. Werner, former president of the Swedish American National Bank, was the first president. He died in 1910 and was succeeded by Theodore Wold. The other officers are Chas. L. Grandin and A. Ueland, vice presidents; Edgar L. Mattson, cashier, and E. V. Bloomquist, assistant cashier.

The directors are as follows: Frank G. Brooberg, Aaron Carlson, A. M. Dyste. P. C. Frazee, C. L. Grandin, G. B. Gunder.son, C. J. Hedwall, Erik Jacobson, John Lind, Edgar L. ]\Iattson. Ed. Pierce. Geo. J. Sherer, C. J. Swanson, Eugene Tetzlaft', A. Ueland, Theodore Wold.

This institution, in a period of less than five years, has attained an unprecedented growth, which has attracted the attention of the depositing public, and has demonstrated that there was a field for it. It has a number of stockholders who have used their influence on behalf of the bank, and this, together with an energetic board of directors and official staff, has made the institution a success from the start.

The quarters, at 52-54 South Fourth Street, are very attractive, the building being a high one-story structure devoted entirely to the liusiness of the bank.

The Swedish American National Bank

The Swedish-American National Bank was organized originally as a State bank, iinder the name of Swedish-American Bank, in 1888. and began business with a capital of $100,000. Col. Hans Mattson, at that time Secretary of State, and a long time resident of Minneapolis, was the prime mover in the organization of the bank, and he associated with liira ^Ir. O. N. Ostrom, who at that time was a lianker at Evansville, Minnesota, and interested in the grain business.

The bank gained a foothold at once, and its growth was rapid and substantial, necessitating in two years an increase in capital to $250,000. Shortly thereafter the liai'k moved into larger quarters at First Avenue Soutli and Washington. ]\Ir. Mattson resigned the vice presidency about this time and was suceeedej by Mr. C. S. Ilulburt. wlio fur many years occupied the position of City Treasurer. In 189:3 occurred the death of President Ostrom. and Mr. Werner succeeded him.

charter. The capital was again increased in July, 1905, to $500,000. In 1908 the bank went out of existence as a separate institution, consolidating with the Northwestern National Bank. At the time of the consolidation it had a surplus and undivided profit account of $400,000 aud deposits amounting to $4,000,000.

In liquidation the stockholders of the bank have been paid 180 per cent, and it is estimated that they will eventually receive 200 per cent, a striking evidence of the conservative and enterprising management which this bank had enjoyed.

The officers of the bank at the time of the consolidation were N. 0. Werner, president : C. S. Hulburt and J. A. Latta, vice presidents; Edgar L. Mattson, casliier; A. V. Ostrom, assistant cashier.

Metropolitan National Bank

This bank was started on its servicea])le career May 20. 1907, and has had a course of unbroken progress. It has encountered some rough places on the road, undoubtedly, but it has met them with full preparation for the difficulties they involved, and passed over them with no delay in its advancement and no injury to its machinery. From the beginning the management of the bank has been in capable hands and judicious in every particular. It has reached out to the limit of safety for .sub.stantial and steady returns, ])Ut it has risked nothing of the interests it has had in charge, and never, for a moment, endangered the safety of any of its patrons.

The first officers of the bank were: George C. Merrill, president ; Murray R. Waters, vice president ; V. H. Van Slyke, cashier, and C. F. Wyant, assistant cashier. And these gentlemen, with the exception of Mr. Wvant, in company with J. 0. Davis, P. M. Endsley, S. H. Hudson," F. R. Chase, J. W. Crane, Albert E. Clarke, Ceorge F. Blossom, H. G. Fertig, George B. Norris, Peter Menderfield, W. P. Cleator and Frank K. Sullivan comprised its board of directors. The capital stock was, at first, $100,000, but the enlargement of the bank's operations has necessitated an increase of its capital from time to time, until it is now $300,000, and the surplus and undivided profits are .$95,000.

The officers at the time of this writing (1914) are: V. H. Van Slyke, president ; George B. Norris. vice president ; C. F. Wyant, ca.shier, and George Vollmer, assistant ca.shier; and the directors are J. C. Andrews, George F. Blossom, Jav W. Crane, F. R. Chase, P. M. Endsley, H. G. Fertig, W. P. Cleator, S. H. Hudson, George B. Norris, F. K. Sullivan, Jacob Stoft, E. E. Shober, V. IT. Van Slvke, Wm. J. Miller, Clinton L. Stacy, John T. Conley and C. F. Wyant.

St. Anthony Falls Bank

This valued financial institution, which has been of great service to many persons in the city of Minneapolis, and a highly appreciated aid in pushing forward the progress and improvement of the city, especially that part of it which, lies on the eastern side of the river, was founded in July, 1893, by Joseph E. Ware, who has been its cashier from the time when it opened for business. The other officers at the beginning were : Hiram A. Scriver, president, and Wilbur F. Decker, vice president; and they are still holding the po.sitions in the direction of the bank's affairs to which they were elected when its history started twenty years ago.

The capital stock of the bank was originally $35,- 000, but the business of the institution has grown so great in the course of its operations that the amount has been raised by successive stages to its present aggregate of .$200,000, of which $75,000 was earned. The surplus and undivided profits have grown to $110,000, and the deposits to a total of $2,000,000. The bank is a State corporation, and is therefore under State supervision and control. But the spirit of enterprise and liberality which it has displayed ; the prudence and strict discipline which have controlled its management, and the vigor and success with which it has met every financial crisis or panic in the country since its organization would give it a strong hold on the confidence and regard of the community in which it is located, even if there were no outside or official safeguards of its soundness.

The lioard of directors at this time (1914) is composed of: Aaron Carlson, Henry R. Chase, Wilbur F. Decker, Henry T. Eddy. Theodore A. Foque, Andrew M. Hunter, Arthur H. Ives, Hiram A. Scriver, Joseph E. Ware, William P. Washburn, William F. Webster and John F. Wilcox. These are all men of high standing in the city, who have proven their right to public confidence by their success and progress in the management of their own affairs, and their very connection with the institution is in itself a guaranty of wisdom, great care and the utmost circumspection in reference to every detail in the direction of its business. The bank carries on a general banking business, including every department of the industry as at present conducted, and makes a specialty of its savings department, which pays three and one-half per cent interest on deposits, the interest being compounded four times a year.

National City Bank Of Minneapolis

This highly valued and rapidly progressive financial in.stitution, which is one of the best of its capacity in the Northwest, was organized on March 14, 1914, with a capital stock of $500,000. Its fii-st official staf¥ consisted of H. R. Lyon, president; George F. Orde. C. B. Mills, vice presidents; S. E. Forest, vicepresident and cashier. Mr. Orde, prior to his connection with The National City Bank was vice president of the First National Bank of Minneapolis fourteen years.

The bank purchased the fixtures of the Commercial National Bank, which was merged into The National City Bank and is located in the Lumber Exchange. Its capital stock is $500,000 and its surplus is now $100,000. It carries deposits amounting to over a million dollars,. Its growth has been rapid but steady and wholesome, and its standing in public estimation has been continuous and always well sustained; for it has been wisel.y managed and all its affairs have been conducted with its own welfare and that of its patrons clearly in view.

The German American Bank

Organized liy men of brain, capital, and wholesome enterprise, for the purpose of founding and building up a strong and conservative banking institution, which was to he conducted for the benefit of all whose interests it might have in charge and also for the general and special welfare of the community in which it is located, as far as its opportunities might allow, the German American Bank of Minneapolis has fully carried out the purposes of its founders and has been a great power for good to many business institutions and hosts of people of many classes in the territory subject to its steadily expanding operations.

The bank was opened for Imsiness on August 16, 1886. It was organized by Edmund Eichhorn, George Huhn, Henry Winecke, John Heinrich, Anthony Kelly, Robert Pratt, Robert B. Langdon, John C. Oswald, A. H. Linton, A. W. Henkle, John A. Schlener, J. M. Griffith, Henry Doerr and Charles Gluek, with a capital of $50,000. In 1904 the capital was increased to $100,000, and in 1910 it was raised to $200,000. Its present surplus is over $200,000, and its deposits aggregate $2,800,000. It is the largest bank in the city of those not centrally located, and its strength and the wisdom of its management are amply demonstrated by the fact that it has regularly paid dividends on its stock, even during the panic period of 1893. Since April, 1905, it has occupied its own Georgia marble front banking house, which is one of the handsomest distinctively banking buildings in Minneapolis.

The directorate of the bank at this time (1914) consists of: Francis A. Gross, president; Charles Gluek and Henry Doerr. vice presidents; George E. Stegner, cashier; Jacob A. Kunz, a.ssistant cashier; and Charles Gluek, J. M. Griffith, Henry Doerr, Arthur E. Eichhorn, Francis A. Gross, I. V. Gedney, Jacob Kunz. Peter J. Seheid, George M. Bleecker, William J. Von der Weyer, George Salzer. Charles J. Rwanson, William P. Deverenx and William P. Cleator. directors. These gentlemen are all widely and favorably known in the Northwest and many other parts of the country as men of extensive resources, fine business ability and genuine interest in the welfare of their home community and its residents. They have conducted business enterprises of their own to conspicuous prominence and success, and the qualifications that have made them prosperous and influential in their own affairs are well known to have been applied by them to the management of the business of the bank.

An interesting feature in the history of the German American Bank is the fact that only three men have held the office of president during the twent.y-seven years of its existence, and as each has combined a wise conservatism with an enlightened progressiveness, the original policy of the institution has remained unchanged. Edmund Eichhorn held the executive chair in 1886 and 1887. He was succeeded by George Huhn, who filled the office until his death in 1903, when Francis A. Gross was elected to it, and he has held it since. Another executive officer who was known to fame vias the late Robert Pratt, who was vice president for a number of years.

The rapid growth of this bank since its opening affords matter for gratification and serious thought. At the close of the first four and a half months of its business the total deposits amounted to $36,000. Five .years later the deposits had increa.sed just ten fold. At this time the terrible panic of 1893 swept over the country, and although the German American Bank weathered the storm with flying colors, it being one of only three in the citv which paid dividends during this period, deposits fell off to $319,000 in 1896. In the next five .years, however, the deposits were more than doubled, "amounting to $644,000 in 1901. Public confidence rewarded the concrete expression of financial integrity, and another hundred per cent was added by the end of 1906, when the deposits reached $1,396,000. Since then the same phenomenal pace forward has been maintained, until now the total has mounted to the lofty altitude of $2,800,000.

East Side State Bank

This enterprising, progressive and highly serviceable fiscal institution was opened for business on October 8, 1906, with a capital stock of $100,000. Its first directorate was composed of Fred E. Barney, president; F. E. Kenaston and I. Ilazlett, vice presidents; Howard Dykman, cashier; and W. E. Satterlee, Robert Jamison, Louis Andersch. E. J. Couper and II. R. Weesner, directors in addition to the officers named above.

Mr. Dykman continued to serve as cashier until May 1, 1907, at which time he resigned and D. L. Case was appointed his successor. F. E. Kenaston was one of the vice presidents until January. 1908. when he also resigned. The present officials and directors (1914) are the following: Fred E. Barney, president; Isaac Hazlett, vice president; D. L. Case, cashier; and these gentlemen, with W. E. Satterlee, Robert Jamison, Louis Andersch. II. R. Weesner, W. C. Johnson, John Schmidler. J. F. Wilcox and S. L. Frazier, directors. C. L. Campbell is assistant cashier.

is still $100,000, and its deposits now aggregate $675,000. Its policy is liberal as well as prudent, and it has been of great service to institutions, industrial and other kinds, to individual patrons and to the public generally, in aiding to keep the wheels of progress in motion and promote improvements of all kinds, especially in the section of the city in which it is located. The men at the head of it, who have control of its affairs, are among the leaders in business on the East Side, and they give to its direction the same careful and judicious attention they bestow on their private affairs, and seek to imbue it with the safe enterprise they use for the furtherance of their own welfare.

Biographical Department Thomas Lowry

Back of every considerable enterprise there will invariably be found one man who has builded out of himself the structure which stands as the tangible and obvious result of his life's work - one dominant personality, gifted with vision of the future, faith in accomplishment, power to endure and intelligence to achieve. Behind the Twin City Rapid Transit company of St. Paul and Minneapolis loom ever and will ever loom, in colossal proportions, the form and features of the late Thomas Lowry, the builder and maker of the great enterprise, and through all its history to the present time run the golden threads of his clear foresight, indomitable energy, limitless resourcefulness, keen business acumen and abiding faith.

Mr. Lowry was born in Logan county, Illinois, on February 27, 1843, and died in Minneapolis on February 4, 1909. Into the forty-five years of his manhood he crowded much more of event and achievement than many men of wide renown for large affairs bring forth in much longer periods. And yet he never boasted of what he did or plumed himself over the great results of his work, but ever bore himself modestly as one who merely did what he could to make the most of the opportunities he found or hewed out. He was a man of rollicking, irrepressible and unquenchable wit, and this must have come from his ancestry, as doubtless did his energy and persistency, for his father was born in Ireland and his mother in Pennsylvania, so that he combined in himself the versatility and readiness of the Irish race and the sturdiness, firm balance and indomitable industry of the German people. His parents located in Central Illinois in 1834, and were pioneers there.

The early experiences of Mr. Lowry were those common to the sons of farmers on the frontier, in moderate circumstances, plain-living and hard-working founders of new empires. He began his education in the primitive country school of his boyhood, which he attended until he was old enough and sufficiently prepared to enter Lombard University at Galesburg, Illinois. In that institution, at the age of seventeen, he began his more extended studies, which he continued until he completed the university course. Then, after a short trip through the West, he became a student of law in the office of Judge Bagby, in Rushville, Illinois, where he remained until his admission to the bar in 1867.

In that year he became a resident of Minneapolis, arriving in the city in -July, and opened an office as a lawyer. Two years later he formed a partnership for the practice of law with A. H. Young, which lasted until Mr. Young was elected judge of the Hennepin County Court of Common Pleas. Mr Lowry continued to practice law until 1875, when his con nection with the street railway interests of the city began For several years previous to that time he had dealt in Minne apolis real estate, and through his activity in this line of busi ness had become interested in a considerable amount of out lying property. Probably the value of a connecting line to this class of realty turned his attention to what was then a very feeble, doubtful and insignificant project and kindled his ardor in its promotion.

The panic of 1873 had left Minneapolis, in common with all other new Western towns, in a collapsed and discouraged condition. Times were bitterly hard and money was difficult to obtain. Mr. Lowry was poor in purse, but rich in hope and ambition. He saw even then a dim but constantly brightening vision of the city that was to be, and believed that the arduous work of its pioneers must ultimately be crowned with magnificent success. The street railway service of that time offered a means to the end he aimed at, and with the courage that always characterized him he embraced the opportunity it presented and became vice president of the puny company controlling the infant, awkward and unpromising utility.

Three years later he became president of the company, which was still a struggling and well-nigh bankrupt corporation, meeting its little payrolls with difficulty and having no surplus for extending or improving its equipment and operations. It was then, at the darkest hour in the history of this enterprise, that he resolutely set aside all other employment and opportunity for advancement and determined to give hostages to fortune and hazard all his future on the successful development of the undertaking that had won his faith. From that time to his death he devoted himself almost exclusively to the street railway business.

The story of the decade that followed reads like an industrial romance. Triumphing over almost insurmountable difficulties, involved in a mountain of debt incurred by his corporation, for which he did not hesitate to make himself personally liable, this modern Hercules cast all fear to the winds, and with an optimism that was heroic stubbornly fought his way toward the end which he had in view - the completion of the system, its establishment on a firm and enduring basis, and a public service that should be unsurpassed by anything in the country.

His confidence in the future greatness of Minneapolis never faltered for a moment. He did not simply believe, he knew that it was to be a great city, and in that greatness he felt assured the success of his undertaking would lie. So he worked on courageously, not alone for himself, but for his city and its residents as well. There was no movement for the up-building of the place that he did not aid; no project for its enlargement or beautification that he did not encourage by his praise and his purse; no laudable private or public charity to the appeal of which he turned a deaf ear, or gave slight or indifferent attention.

As Mr. Lowry hoped so he labored, with indomitable, unconquerable will. No discouragement could quench his gaiety, no obstacle darken the transcendent optimism of his nature. The great task of financing his enterprise, which might have daunted a less courageous soul, only served to inspire him with intensified zeal and vigor. He had both faith in the future and patience in the present. To build, equip and operate a transportation system; to accommodate the shifting and growing necessities of a rapidly widening area; to abandon one motive power after another as the improvements demanded; to construct in advance of the population and wait for the traffic to slowly follow - these were elements in the proljlem he had to solve, and they required the supply of a constantly increasing stream of money and the resources to withstand long intervals of unrcmunerative operation.

In 1886, Mr. Lowry's foresight, already justified by actual results, led him to conceive and execute the brilliant plan of bringing the street railways of Minneapolis and St. Paul under one control and management. This resulted in the formation of the Twin City Rapid Transit company. The advantages which have accrued to the residents of both cities by reason of this consolidation are today so obviiuis that it is unnecessary to recount them, and it is doubtful if that could be done in absolute fulness.

Paul united in a fine tribute to the man whose courage and foresight had given them a system of electric transportation as nearly perfect as it was possible to devise. The testimonial took the form of a reception and banquet, and was given at the West Hotel, Minneapolis, a hostelry in the production of which he was a very potential factor. On this occasion the Governor of the state presided, and Mr. Lowry's fellow citizens and friends bore ample testimony in sincere and eloquent words to the regard in which they held him and the value of the service he had rendered to the two communities. He had done his part for them with admirable success. They showed him that they appreciated it by a demonstration as fervent and commendatory as they were able to make it.

While Mr. Lowry lived to see his confidence in the future of his city fully justified, and the establishment of his enterprise practically completed, it was not given him to remain long in the satisfaction which the fulfilment of his hopeful projects brought him. To the very end his was to be a life of struggle, and when the great difficulties already referred to had been overcome, he found himself confronted with another battle, which was to be his last on earth. This was an unequal contest with a long standing ailment, which had persistently attended him during the greater part of his life, but which he had held in abeyance by sheer force of will through the years of his great and long continued activity.

The heroic battler met this final enemy with his customary courage and fortitude. Conditions which might well have overwhelmed a less gallant soul, did not terrify him. He manfully summoned every energy to combat disease, bore his sufferings patiently, and when, after a most extraordinary and prolonged defense, he finally surrendered to the inevitable, he died as he had lived, calmly, bravely and hopefully. The news of his death was received with sincere sorrow; not only throughout the city in which he had lived so long and to wjiieli he was so loyally attached, but in other cities East and West, and wherever he was well known. There was sorrow not alone in the homes of the rich, but in humble habitations, the dwellings of the poor, where Mr. Lowry's unostentatious and unfailing generosity had shown him to be a man who was good to the needy and the oppressed.

Thomas Lowry was a real man. Rising above limitations imposed on him by his early and obscure environment, by poverty and by physical ailment, he lived fully up to his opportunities in life and made the most of them. He made a record, too, for great kindness, tolerance and benevolence. He had no words of condemnation for the unfortunate. Even for the vicious he favored pity and pardon rather than l)unishment. He walked humbly himself, and his charity for otiiers was unlimited. Above all he was an optimist, always firm in his faith and ready to believe the best of both men and things, and he lived, not for himself alone, but for others as well.

He had in him the stuff of which true greatness is made, and showed it repeatedly in the intrepidity of his ventures, the loftiness and loyalty of his faith, and the gallantry with which he led many a forlorn hope to ultimate victory. He showed it also in the utter absence of ruthlessness by which his career was marked. He never built upon the ruin of others, nor did he seek to gain selfish advantage from the mistakes of those who failed. On the contrary, he was always willing to help the tottering, if it was within his power and proper under the circumstances to do so.

Mr. Lowry was married on December 14, 1870, to Miss Beatrice M. Goodrich, the daughter of Dr. C. G. Goodrich, at that time a leading Minneapolis physician. Two daughters and one son were born of the union. Horace Lowry, the son, has taken his father's place, in large measure, in the business the latter had in hand when he died, and is endeavoring to conduct every enterprise he is connected with according to his parent's lofty standards.

Joseph Allen

Joseph Allen, agent for the Holmes & Halloway Coal company and a member of the board of city park commissioners, IS a native of Ireland, born in the county Armagh. May 19, 1866. As a lad he was employed in a bakery and confectionery shop in the city of Belfast. After spending seven years there, at the age of eighteen he came to the United States, arriving in New York city with his financial resources limited to ten cents. Having read of the opportunities offered by the prosperous farming districts of Iowa he set out for that place, compelled to defray the expenses of the trip by working enroute. At the end of fifteen days he reached Howard county, Iowa, and secured a position with an importer and shipper of fine stock as manager of his large stock farm. He spent several profitable years here, investing in stock and accumulating a neat capital and then returned to the old country for a short time. He came back to Erie, Pennsylvania, where he was employed in the Erie City Iron works for two years. His first position was as a common workman, but his services were soon recognized by promotion and at the end of a few months he was made foreman of the foundry department. At the end of two years he was offered the superintendency of the Port Townsend Nail Manufacturing company whose machinery was made in the iron works where he was employed. He accepted the position and purchased transportation for Port Townsend, Washington. Mr. Allen had always retained an interest in Minneapolis since his youth when he had become familiar with the name through the use of Minneapolis flour in the Belfast bakery, and he took the opportunity on his way to Washington to visit the city with the result that he resigned his position with the western company and became a citizen of Minneapolis. In 1891 he was a street car conductor on the Fourth avenue line, receiving for his services eighteen cents an hour. At the end of two years he purchased a team which he used for a time on grading and sodding contracts. He then realized the materialization of his plans, making an independent venture into the commercial world as a coal dealer and continued in this successful enterprise for several years when at the organization of the Holmes-HoUoway company he accepted his present position as agent and manager of the yards which are located at 291G Nicollet avenue. He has been a member of the park board sinie January, 1913, and is a member of the finance committee and of the committees on privilege and purchases. In the administration of the board he advocates the policy of improving the present property rather than extending the purchases. Mr. Allen assumed the duties and privileges of citizenship in this country while residing at Erie, Pennsylvania, and as a member of the Republican party has been actively associated with political affairs, serving as chairman of the Eighth ward Republican association for twelve years. He is chairman of the county committee of the Progressive party and takes a keen interest in the political questions of the day. He has been notably associated with the interests of the commercial organizations of the city, participating in their organization and their efforts for the public good. He was one of the leading promoters of the West Side Commercial club, securing its first membership and through his energetic service as chairman of the building committee the club secured its present attractive quarters on Lake street. In January, 1913, his assistance was solicited in the organization of the Calhoun Commercial club and he was tendered the office of chairman. Although in existence but a few months this club has already rendered marked service in securing new and improved service on Lake street and a twenty foot boulevard on Thirtj'-first street between Pleasant and Hennepin avenues. Mr. Allen is a prominent member of the Masonic order in the Hennepin lodge. Ark chapter, is a Knight Templar and a member of the Mounted Commandery. He was married in 1S94 to Miss Sophia Berg of Minneapolis. Three children have been born to this union, Crawford, Lockart and Sophia.

John W. Allan

John W. Allan is a native of Massachusetts, born at Hyde Park, a suburb of Boston, March 16, 1861. His uncle, Mr. Albert L. Russell, was a lumber manufacturer in Minneapolis and in 1876 Mr. Allan joined him there and a year later accompanied him in his removal to Chicago. He remained in that city for the next few years, attending school and assisting his uncle in the lumber business during the vacation periods. He spent the year of 1880 in Minneapolis and tnen became superintendent of a manufacturing plant engaged in the constniction of fire apparatus in the east. He became an expert in this line and after four years, returned to Minneapolis as superintendent of a similar factory and subsequently operated another plant on the east side of the city. When th.e fire department repair shops were installed by the city he was placed in charge of the work and for ten yearii held this position, he gave the city the benefit of his extensive knowledge of fire figliting machines. During this time he designed and built a great derJ of new apparatus for the local department, including chemical engines, wagons and trucks and invented a number of engine improvements. In April, 1898, he became secretary of the Minnesota & Alaska Development company. Mr. E. R. Beeman was president of this company which owned two steamboats that covered the route from Seattle and up the Yukon river. Mr. Allan spent two summers as engineer on the "Minneapolis" navigating the northern waters. He made the run from St. Michaels at the mouth of the Yukon to the head of the Kinakuk river, a trip that covers 2000 miles and ends in the arctic circle. He made other memorable trips as engineer of the "Luella", which sailed ninety miles above Arctic City on its first voyage and established the head of navigation. For several years after his return, Mr. Allan engaged in general engineering work. In 1905 when the office of smoke inspector was created he was one of nine competitors in the examination for the position, and here his years of experience and well known efficiency easily marked him as the man for the place. At the end of his first term of office he declined the reappointment and spent the next two years as a salesman for mechanical supplies and also engaged in the construction of steam plants. In 1909 he accepted the appointment of smoke inspector which was again ofi'ered him and with an increased salary. He has been a valued member of the park board for nine years. Mr. Allan is a Knight Templar and a Shriner. His marriage to Miss Nellie A. Haughey of Bloomington, Minn., occurred in 1892.

Howard Strickland Abbott

Born, reared and educated in Minnesota, both in his youth and throughout his manhood to the present time Howard Strickland Abbott has dignified and adorned the citizenship of the state and creditably kept up the record of his distinguished ancestry and near relations. His father, Rev. Abiel Howard Abbott, a Methodist clcrgj'man of renown, was related directly or by marriage to Oliver Ellsworth, the tliird Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court; former President Ulysses S. Grant; the distinguished authors, John S. C. and .lacob Abbott; the prominent lawyers Austin and Benjamin V. Abbott; Dr. Lyman Abbott, editor of The Outlook Magazine; Bishop Lawrence, Bishop of Massachusetts of the Protestant Episcopal church; Albert L. Lowell, at this time (1914) president of Harvard LTniversity, and Ezra Abbott, the noted biblical scholar, besides other persons prominent and widely renowned.

The paternal grandmother belonged to the famous Townshend family, the elder branch of which remained in England and there produced such men as Charles Townshend, prime minister, and the other Charles Townshend, chancellor of the exchequer, during the years preceding the American Revolution. On his mother's, the Strickland, side of the house Mr. Abbott can trace his ancestry directly back to Sir Thomas Strickland of Sizerg castle, Westmoreland county, England.

Howard Strickland Abbott was born on September 15, 1863, at Farmington, Minnesota, a son of Rev. Abiel Howard and Mary Ellen (Strickland) Abbott. His early life was passed in Minnesota, and at the Minneapolis Academy he was prepared for the State University, from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Literature in 1885. He shawed a tendency to authorship in early life, and during his years at the LTniversity was managing editor of the Ariel and also of the Junior Annual for 1884, which were University publications, and his work on them gave abundant promise of the elevation he has since reached and the reputation he has since won as an author.

Literature was, however, enly a pastime with him, his more serious business being the legal profession, for which he was prepared by diligent and thoughtful study, and to which he was admitted by oral examination in the supreme court of Minnesota in April, 1887. He at once entered upon the practice of his profession, and before the end of his first year in it was appointed assistant general solicitor of the Minneapolis & St. Louis and the Soo Line Railroad companies, a position in W'hich he served them well and wisely for tlirce years, from 1887 to 1890.

Mr. Abbott was also secretary of the Wisconsin, Minnesota & Pacific Railroad from :88S to 1890; attorney for the Atchison, Topcka & Santa Fe from 1890 to 1897; special master in chancery in connection with the Union Pacific re- ceiversliips from 1897 to 1901; master in chancery of the United States Court in Minnesota from 1897 to date; and has been lecturer on private and public corporations and civil law in the Law School of the University of Minnesota since 1898, filling all these positions with great credit to himself and pronounced advantage to the institutions he served and the interests he had in charge in '-onnection with each of them.

It is easy to see that Mr. Abbott's professional career has been a very busy and fruitful one. But it has not included all his work. He has written a number of books and in them has realized his early promise as a writer, although his achievements in this line have been almost wholly within the boundaries of his profession. Among them are case books on public and private corporations; "Notes, Authorities and Deductions on Corporations," which ran easily through two editions; "Public Corporations," one volume; "Abbott's Elliott on Private Corporations," one volume; "The Law of Public Securities," one volume; "The Elements of the Law of Private Corporations," one volume, and "The Law of Municipal Corporations," three volumes.

The work last named, from its publication in 1906 has been considered the standard and leading text book on the subject it treats of. It is widely cited as an authority by courts in all parts of the country, and has received the highest encomiums from eminent judges and lawyers for its style, analytical argument, thorough grasp of the topics discussed, and its scholarly treatment of the subject matter. The books are all, however, exhaustive and comprehensive as to the siibjectS' elucidated in them, elevated in tone and terse and vigorous in diction.

In his political affiliation Mr. Abbott is a Republican, but he has never been an active partisan, and never has he sought or desired a political office. His religious connection is with the Protestant Episcopalians, among whom he holds his membership in St. Mark's church, Minneapolis, of which he has been a vestryman since 1900. He is also a member of the board of trustees of the diocese of Minnesota in his denomination. Socially he is a member of the Minneapolis and Minikahda clubs and the Delta Kappa Epsilon college fraternity. In business relations outside of his ])rofession he is one of the directors of the Minneapolis Trust company, and in his profession he is an active member of the American Bar Association and the Minnesota State Bar Association. From 1905 to 1911 he was the Minnesota commissioner on Uniform Legislation of the American Bar Association.

On .June 29, 1898, Mr. Abbott was united in marriage with Miss Mary Louise Johnson of Racine. Wisconsin, who is a direct descendant, on her mother's side, of Thomas Welles, for many years Colonial governor of Connecticut and one of the courageous men who took part in the Charter Oak episode, which immortalized a tree, Captain Wadsworth, the chief factor in it, and everybody who was connected with it. Mr. and Mrs. Abbott have two children, their daughter Emily Louise, who was bom on October 22, 1900, and their son Howard Johnson, whose life began on January 24, 1904.

Hon. Johx Sargent Ph.Lsbury

they perform can be defined by metes and bounds. The good they do through the forces they put in motion and through the inspiration of their presence and example is immeasurable by any finite gauge or standard of value. The death of any one of such men, even though he be, at the time of his final summons, full of years and of honors, is a public calamity, because by it the country loses not only his active energy, but the stimulus and fecundating power of his personal influence. There is, however, some compensation for this loss in the value and memory of his services, the effect of his example and the continuing fruitfulness of the activities he quickened into life.

The late John Sargent Pillsbury, three times governor of Minnesota, for nearly fifty year^ one of the leading business men and civic forces of Minneapolis, and for long one of the greatest potencies in progress and development in this part of the country, was a man of this character. His name still shines in large and luminous phrase from such a height in local estimation as proves it to have been a talisman of the rarest value here, and it spread its light so far as to have attracted the attention of nearly all parts of the civilized world.

To epitomize his life, character and achievements within the limits which this work allows is impossible to mortal utterance. The stalwart proportions of his living presence are vividly realized by the void made by his death. But less than most men intellectually his equal and his match in business capacity does he need the voice of eulogy. The clearness of his purposes, the soundness of his judgment, his ample sweep of vision, his tireless activity, his indomitable will, his great achievements, his unbending uprightness, and withal his large and unostentatious benevolence, have all impressed "the very age and body of the time," making his life a force that cannot die, and continuing it in widening waves of benefaction even though he passed away himself some twelve years ago.

Governor Pillsbury was born at Sutton, Merrimac county, New Hampshire, on July 29, 1828, and was the son of John and Susan (Wadleigh) Pillsbury, descendants of early Puritan stock in New England. The progenitor of the American branch of the family on the father's side was Joshua (Hudson says William) Pillsbury, who came from England to this country in 1640 and settled on a grant of land given him by the Mother Country near Newbuiyport, Massachusetts, a portion of which is still held by some of his descendants. One of the descendants of this God-fearing emigrant from the land of his fathers removed to Sutton in 1790 and founded the New Hampshire branch of the family, and since then succeeding generations of the household have won distinction in many walks of life in various sections of the country.

Mr. Pillsbury's father was a manufacturer and long potent in local and state affairs in New Hamp.shire. The son had no special advantages. He received a limited education at the village school, which was primitive in character and narrow in range. Early in life he entered a printing establishment to learn the trade, but soon afterward found his taste much more inclined to mercantile life and became a clerk in the store of his older brother, George A. Pillsbury, who afterward became prominent in Minneapolis, and a sketch of whom will be found in this volume.

The dawning ambition within him for a business and career of his own soon broadened, however, into a commanding force, and he quit his brother's store and formed a business partner- ship witli Walter nairiman. who hiter became governor of New Hampshire. After the tlissohition of this partnership the future governor of this Northern star in tlie diaiiem of American empire removed to Concord, the ea])ital of New Hampshire, and there engaged in a business whicli lie conducted for two years.

By the end of that period his imagination had been quickened and his appetite for adventure and large exploits had been intensified by suggestions of the great opportunities for business in the great Northwest, and in 1853 he started on a prospecting tour to and through the region which had sung to his fancy in a voice so melodious and persuasive. The facilities for travel west of the AUeghanies were at that time limited and primitive, and embodied considerable hardsliip and privation. Railroads extended far in the wake of the setting sun, it is true, but they were few in number and crude in equipment and sparse in accommodations. Beyond them horseback, the stage coach and the lake and river boats were the only means of transportation. The slowness of progress and lack of comfort incident to these conditions would now be intolerable, but in that day were only necessary incidents to a long journey and the facilities available were even thought to mark a high state of advanced development in science and art and were highly commended.

Mr. Pillabury accepted what he could command with complacency, and even found pleasure in the prospect of his speedy arrival in the land of promise, enduring patiently and cheerfully what was really very trying. The records at hand give no account of his journey, its deprivations and discomforts, nor do they mention any of the incidents of his trip - tlie changing scenes of nature which brightened his eyes, the awakening greatness of the country which quickened his pulse, or the thrilling adventures which gave spice to his experiences and made every fiber of his being throb through the daring which possessed him:

The hardy adventurer reached St. Anthony, now Minneapolis, in June, 1855, and at once was impressed with its great possibilities for business. He determined to make it his future home, and, in company with George F. Cross and Woodbury Fisk, opened a hardware store. The business prospered for a time, but the failure of many "wild cat" banks in the panic of 185" and a fire loss of $48,000 the same year not only wiped out all his accumulations, but left him with a heavy burden of debt on his shoulders. He was, however, of heroic mold in spirit and reorganized the business. He also paid the firm's debts and continued his retail hardware operations until 1875, when he founded the wholesale hardware establishment, which still exists and is the largest in the Northwest. From that date to his death he gave his attention also to the milling and industry and other lines of trade, in each of which he was the controlling and moving spirit. He began milling in association with his nejihew, Charles A. Pillsbury, under the firm name of C. A. Pillsbury & Company, which in time became the greatest flour manufacturing enterprise in the world, and still occupies that imperial rank.

The lumber industry in this section early arrested the attention of Mr. Pillsbury and he soon began dealing extensively in pine lumber. Under his vigorous and progressive management the lumber business he started in a few years became one of the leaders in the line and opened the way to the great success of many other men of ability in this industry, among them Charles A. Smith. Later he became largely interested in the railroads of this state and a director of the Minneapolis

& St. Louis and "Soo' roads, and a.ssisted vastly in their development and progress. He was also a director of several banks and of the Stock Yards company, and for all of these, too, he was an inspiration for advancement and an impregnable bulwark of defense.

This is in brief the record of Governor Pillsbury's business achievements, and is that of a remarkable mercantile and industrial career. But great as was that career it pales into insignificance, or at least shrinks into much smaller proportions, in an estimate of his life, in comparison with other great things he did, some of which he began even before he was fixed on a firm business basis. He began at a very early period during his residence in this state to take a most earnest and helpful interest in the University of Minnesota. This institution was no more than a name at the time of his arrival here. In 1856 a building was begun, but the plans were injudicious and the panic of 1857 stopped the work of construction. The university was endowed by a congressional land grant, but had no other resources, and this grant was in great danger of being lost through the foreclosure of a mortgage of $100,000 on the campus and unfinished building.

In this emergency the great man's greatness became manifest and the saving power of the situation. In 1863 he was appointed a regent of the University, and soon afterward was elected a member of the state senate. While in that body he had a law passed placing the affairs of the institution in charge of a board of three regents with full power to adjust its affairs according to their best judgment and as if the University were their own. Such unlimited authority has seldom if ever elsewhere been given to a public board. But the situation was critical and called for unusual and heroic measures. Great as was the governor's reputation for resourcefulness and business capacity, everybody predicted his failure here.

But his hand was skillful, his will was iron and his persistency considered no defeat. His determined soul laughed at impossibilities and cried "It shall be done!" He began his adjustment of the claims against the property. The lands he had to offer Avere inaccessible, but he sold them. With the cash thus received he compromised claims on the best terms he could. He rode thousands of miles through a new country hunting up creditors and purchasers and lands to sell to them. He traveled to the East for aid, and the burden of his correspondence in this connection was enormous. But he accomplished the mighty work he had undertaken, and at the end of four years was able to announce that the University was free from debt, with its campus and building intact and 32,000 acres of its endowment of 46.000 still in its possession without incumbrance on any part of the ])roperty.

Following this great achievement the University was reorganized, the neglected building was completed, a faculty was engaged, and tlic real work for whicli the institution was founded was begun. Mr. Pillsbury continued to serve as one of its regents until his death on October 18, 1901, his service in this capacity covering a period of thirty-eight years, and tlnoughout this long period he was the financial guide and guardian of the institution. In his service of thirteen years in the state senate he was able to accomplish much in securing appropriations, and he was also the man who brought about the consolidation of the land grants made directly to the University and that given for the purpose of agricultural education and experiment work.

penses and other needs. But by this time Mr. Pillsbury had become a man of wealth, and his means were always at the disposal of this child of his fond parentage and devoted affection. When the experimental farm was needed in connection with the University and there was no money for the purchase of one, he advanced the $8,500 required. The land then bought was afterward sold for $150,000 and the proceeds were used in securing the present University farm. Then, in 1889, 'The Father of the University," as he has been called since his connection with the institution began, quietly handed the board of regents $150,000 for the erection of a much needed science hall, which was called Pillsbury Hall.

In addition to all this he gave to the affairs of the institution his own time, strength and capacity freely and continuously. A very conservative estimate made by his friends is that he devoted one-fourth of his time during the thirty-eight years of his service as regent to the University. This means that ten years of actual time were taken from his business and other pursuits in earing for the educational institution which he saved from ruin and built up to greatness. His life-long services to it were recognized in 1900 by the erection of a life-size statue of him on the campus.

A man of such intense patriotism and devotion to his country, locally and generally, as was Mr. Pillsbury could scarcely be kept out of the political activities around him. In his earlier years, and. indeed, until late in life, when his activities began to abate in business and everything else except the Minnesota University, the governor was in almost constant political service. In 1858, before the end of the year in which he arrived at St. Anthony, he was elected to the city council for six years. The cloud of the Civil war was then deepening over the country, and long before the end of his term it burst with all its fury over our unhappy land and he turned aside from every other engagement, as far as necessary, to assist in organizing the First, Second and Third Minnesota regiments for service in defense of the Union. A year later, when the outbreak of the Indians in this state brought about such a terrible condition of affairs for our people, he aided in raising a mounted company for service against them.

The door for his progress in civil and political affairs by this time was open wide, and at the end of his term in the city council of St. Anthony he was elected to the state senate, and in that high forum he continued to be one of the leading and most forceful agencies in promoting the welfare of the people of the whole state for an almost unbroken period of thirteen years. During his tenure of the office of senator so amply did he demonstrate his broad, comprehensive and accurate knowledge of public affairs and his ability for administering them for the best interests of the commonwealth that in 1875 he was nominated and elected governor of the state without any of the usual accompaniments of candidacy and canvass. Ho was re-elected in 1S7T and again in 1879, and could have been in 1881 had lie not positively refused to serve again.

The period during which he was at the helm of the ship of state was a very troviblesome one, and Governor Pillsbury was called upon to deal with more problems of momentous importance and diverse bearings than have confronted and tried the mettle of any other governor of this state. When he a8.sumed the office the "grasshopper plague" was in full force, and he had to deal with it vigorously and immediately. With characteristic public spirit and self-sacrifice he went personally to the scene of the calamity, investigated its extent and the condition of the sufferers, and from his qwd means furnished relief in many cases. He then returned to the state capital and urged remedial legislation with such force as to secure prompt and effective means for the aid of the people afflicted and the destruction of the pests. Then came the destruction of the state capitol and the principal insane. hospital of the state by fire; and just before the end of his executive control of the state's interests he was called upon to organize relief for the town of New Ulm, which was destroyed by a tornado.

While he was governor Mr. Pillsbury also recommended and secured the passage of some of the best laws we have. Among these were acts providing for a public examiner, a state high school board and biennial sessions of the legislature. In addition he had an unusual number of appointments to make to important public offices. These included justices of the supreme and district courts and many other officials on whom rested the greatest and gravest responsibilities and whose duties were of the most momentous character.

The crowning glory of his official career, however, was his triumph in removing from the name of Minnesota the stain of repudiation. Unwise legislation in the early fifties had led to the issue of over two million dollars' worth of bonds for the encouragement of railroad building in the state. The panic of 1857 prevented the completion of the railroads contemplated, and so exasperated were the people by the status of affairs in this connection that they voted to refuse payment of the debt and redemption of the bonds. The governor, in his first message to the legislature, urged the discharge of these obligations; and. although he met with indifference generally, and with violent opposition in some quarters, he continued to demand that the honor of the state be preserved. After overcoming the most tremendous obstacles in legislation and legal entanglements he had the enjoyment of his greatest triumph in seeing the blot wholly and forever wiped out.

In the foregoing paragraphs the great work of Governor Pillsbury in helping to build up the educational. indu.striaL commercial and general business interests of this city and state, and his personal trials and triumphs in connection with them, have been set forth with some fullness of detail. His services when the integrity of the Union was threatened by armed resistance and when the savage fury of the Indians became destructive, showing itself in butchery and flames, have been mentioned. His long, brilliant and most useful official career has been briefly outlined. But no pen can tell of his private benevolence, for of that there is no record, and he never intended that much of it should be known. Enough has come to light, however, to show that it must have been as imperial in magnitude as it was unostentatious in bestowal. In this exercise of his goodness he strictly obeyed the injunction of the Scriptures, not letting his left hand know what his right hand did. His public benefactions are, however, well known and worthy of mention, especially for their princely munificence and the elevated and noble purposes for which they were intended. His gift of $150,000 to the University has already been mentioned. In addition to this he gave to Minneapolis an endowment of $100,000 for the Home for Aged W^omcn and Children. He also provided a home for young women working for small salaries, which he erected and furnished at a cost of $25,000, and which was named in honor of his wife the "Mahala Fisk Pillsbury Home." In addition he started a beautiful library building, put up at an outlay of $75,000, and especially intended for the use of the residents- of tile "East Side." ThU was not completed at the time of his death, but his heirs carried his wishes into full elfeet with regard to it, and it is known as "I'illsbury Library." The*e are the most conspicuous of his buuiitiful donations in the city of his liome, but there are others of less note.

Governor I'illsbury was married on November 3, IS.IO, to Miss Mahala Fisk, a daughter of Captain John Fisk. who came from Kngland in 1S37 and located at Windon, Massachusetts. Four children were born of the union: Addie, who became the wife of t'harle-s M. Webster: Susan, who married Fred B. Snyder; Sarah Belle, who is now Mrs. Edward C. Gale; and Alfred Fiske Pillsbury. Mrs. Webster and Mrs. Snyder died a number of years ago. Alfred F. I'illsbury has succeeded to many of the business interests and responsibilities of his father. He is president of the Minneapolis Union Elevator company and the St. Anthony Fall Water Power company. He is also a member of the board of directors of the I'illsbury Flour Mills company.

Governor Pillsbury's death occurred on October 18, 1901. For many years he was a regular attendant of the Congregational church and a liberal contributor to its support. But his bounty to churches was not limited to this sect. He gave freely to all, and was liberal as well to every public charity and aided in promoting every worthy undertaking in his community in which the welfare of the people, or any considerable part of them, was involved. The story of this great man's life may be fitly epitomized in Hamlet's description of his father:

James Currier Andrews, assistant manager of the Pillsbury Flour Mills and prominently identified with the commercial interests of the city, was born at Concord, New Hampshire, October 6, 1867, the son of William G. and Lucinda J. (Currier) Andrews. Thomas F. and George H. Andrews, brothers of his father, were pioneer settlers of Minneapolis and in 1900 his parents removed to this city, where the death of the father occurred three years ago. .James C. Andrews attended the public schools of Boston and completed his high school course in Manchester, X. H., in 1885. Subsequently he spent one year in Marietta College in Ohio. In 1888 he came to Minneapolis and in October of that year entered the employ of the Pillsbury company as ollice boy. His marked clKciency and quiet perseverance were speedily recognized by promotion and he was advanced to the shipping department and in 1903 was appointed tradic manager. From the position of head of this department, he was promoted to assistant manager of the company, and since 1909 has served in that capacity. Mr. Andrews is extensively connected with the business interests of the city and notably associated with its cimimercial organizations. He is president and major stockholder in the Brunswick Investment company which erected and owns one of the finest hotel buildings in the city and is president of the Andrews Hotel company, which operates the hotel. He is a director of the .Metropolitan bank and secretary and treasurer and an original stockholder of the Despatch Laundry company. He is chairman of the transportation committee of the chamber of commerce and in 1912 was elected chairman of the trallic division of the Civic and Commerce association, in which organization he holds the office of second vice president. In 1889 he enlisted in Company I, Minnesota National Guard, as a private and during his several years of service in this company rose to the rank of lieutenant. He was made adjutant of the First regiment and resigned his commission in 1K98. He was married in 1895 to Miss Harriet L. Blake, daughter of Edwin W. and Sarah A. Blake of Manchester, \. H. Mr. Andrews and his wife are attendants of the Trinity Baptist church. Mr. Andrews finds his favorite recreation in out-ofdoor sports and is an ardent fisherman and hunter. He is a member of the Minneapolis, Minikahda and Auto clubs, and a charter member of the Commercial club. His fraternal afliliations are with the Elk lodge.

Hezekiaii S. Atwood

Hezekiah S. Atwood was a pioneer who came to this locality at twenty-six and died in the new settlement in the wilderness at the early age of thirty-five, having made a mark in local history that endures. He was born in England, and as a boy, was brought by his parents to Nova Scotia, where he was reared and educated. At the age of twenty-one we find him at Southington, Connecticut, where he learned the machinist trade. In the spring of 1849 he came by boat to St. Paul and by stage to St. Anthony, crossing the river by ferry.

Calvin Tuttle, a brother of Mrs. Atwood, and Colonel Stevens were the only residents on the West Side, and, in company with Mr. Tuttle, he built the first little saw mill on the west bank of the river. Some time afterward he built a saw mill on Minnehaha creek below the falls for Ard. Godfrey, and in 18.j4 went to Minn'?tonka and built a millwliich he continued to operate until his death. He had hardwood logs cut on the upper lake and floated down the lake and creek to the mill, where he had built a dam. He made chairs, bedsteads and other furniture, his plant being equipped with lathes, a paint shop and other adjuncts. The business was beginning to expand and become profitable when the proprietor's death occurred March 11, 1857, the result of exposure after falling into the lake when buying logs. Obliged to remain for hours in wet clothing, severe cold and pneumonia resulted. He succeeded in having a posloflicc established, and his mill afforded employment to the citizens. For ."iorae time b\isiness done at Minnetunka exceeded that of Minneapolis. Indians Avcrc plentiful at Minnetonka. often bringing their wounded braves there after battles with other tribes at Shakopee.

Mr. Atwood was married in Connecticut in 1845 to Abbie Tuttle. who survived him twenty-five years, dying in the early eighties at the age of fifty-seven. .She married John Richardson of Richlield, and their son, George Richanlson. is still a resident of that town. The Atwood children were three daughters. Jennie, in 1868, married the late James Pratt. Ella is the wife of Frank Willson. of Edina. a sketch of whom appears on another page. Kmma is the wife of Perry Gilmore, who died in 1913.

JAMES PRATT, who was born in Maine in 1854, came at the age of ten to Minneapolis with his parents. .Job and Mary (Chesley) Pratt, who pre-empted land in what is now St.

Louis Park. But they afterward sold this and resided in Minneapolis, where tlie father died about 1879, having survived his wife a number of years. Their children were Chesley, Jay, Olivia and James, Jay being the only survivor and a resident of the Soldiers' Home at Milwaukee. AH three sons were Union soldiers, Chesley and James being members of Company D, Sixth Regiment, and Jay in the Cavalry. Chesley died soon after the war from results of hardship and exposure. James's health was permanently impaired by his three years of service. Olivia married Joseph Hamilton of St. Louis Park and died young, leaving one child, Chesley Hamilton, who was sheriff of Hennepin county, and who died suddenly in middle age.

Mr. Pratt was a grocer, later building apartment houses for sale, being so engaged for about twenty years and erecting about forty apartment and residence structures. He put up twelve flat buildings on Lyndale avenue alone, owning several at his death. He died October 13, 1913, in the home at 2508 Hennepin avenue, in which he had lived for eight years.

Prohibition appealed strongly to Mr. Pratt, and he became an ardent advocate of it, and was proud that the Eighth ward has always been "dry." He was a member of the old Volunteer Fire Department, his grocery store being opposite the first fire house, and his old grocery horse generally led the company to a fire. He was an active worker in what is now the Joyce Methodist Episcopal church, long a member of its board of trustees and prominent in its missions and works of benevolence. He was a close student, of extensive reading, and warmly attached to his home.

Mr. and Mrs. Pratt had six children. Ernest C. is a fuel dealer and member of the school board. Ella V., who was educated at the State Normal Scliool, is a teacher in the Madison school. Burton A. is connected with the Chicago Telephone company. Clyde is a contractor and builder. Harold F. died at the age of seventeen, and Bcrnice I. is a stenographer and bookkeeper. Mrs. Pratt is a zealous worker in the Women's Christian Temperance Union, the Ladies' Aid Society, the Lincoln Circle, missionary interests, and in connection with many other agencies engaged in uplift and improvement work.

Charles M. Amsden

Mr. Amsden was born in Belvidere, Boone county, Hlinois, on April 13, 1849, and is a son of Noah C. and Sarah S. (Hulbert) Amsden, natives of the state of New York, who came to Hlinois in 1846. The son was educated in the public schools of Dubuque, Iowa, and began his illustrious and successful business career as a general merchant at Lemars in that state. From 1873 to 1879 he was connected with the Singer Manufacturing company in Louisville, Kentucky, and was successfully occupied in helping to expand its business and add to its prosperity and importance.

But he felt an increasing inclination to dwell in a more northern climate and a region farther removed from the centers of civilization in the East, to enjoy the wider range and broader and better opportunities to be found in the undeveloped West. So in 1879 he came to Minneapolis to live and engage in business. Soon after his arrival in this city he became associated with Messrs. PilLsbury & Hulbert in the

In 1882 this firm was incorporated under the name of the Pillsbury &, Hulbert Elevator company, at which time Mr. Amsden became a member of it. When Mr. Hulbert sold his interest in the company its name was again changed, and then became the Minneapolis & Northern Elevator company. This was in 1885, and a little while afterward, in 1889, an English syndicate bought the Pillsbury mills, and the- company disposed of all its holdings, but Mr. Amsden continued in charge as president and general manager until August, 1908. The line was then leased lor two years to Mr. Amsden, and in 1910 Mr. Amsden retired from connection with it. It owned 100 elevators in Minnesota and North Dakota, and carried on a very extensive, active and profitable business. Mr. Amsden's fine business capacity, excellent judgment and wide sweep of vision enabled him to see, seize and make the most of every opportunity for its advantage and the extension of its operations, and he built its business up to very large proportions and made it very fruitful in prompt and abundant returns for the money invested in it.