Minneapolis City (part 61 of 80)

W7Lliasi Donaldson

From the humble position of draper's apprentice to the exalted one of merchant prince reads like a fairy story, but it is not, it is the life story of William Donaldson, who rose from the first named position which he held in Scotland to the honored one which he won for himself in Minneapolis and all this without wands or magic, without incense or incantations but simply by his own unaided efforts, by his industry and integrity, his genius for administration and organization, his humanizing sympathy and his broad understanding. Minneapolis people were always glad of his success and proud of the man, and in the old days when he was climbing the ladder of success so rapidly they delighted in calling him "the merchant prince." All this had a significance beyond the recognition of his material gains and had to do w-ith recognition of his qualities of heart and personality. No man was ever more loved by his employees, no man was ever more respected by his business friends and associates, no man was ever more welcome in the social circles in which he moved than William Donaldson was. His constructive genius is part of the history of Minneapolis. He built for the prosperous future which he did not live to enjoy, but the fruits of his genius are the harvests of today.

Mr. Donaldson was a typical Scotchman. He was born at the village of Milnathort in the Shire of Kinross on .June 16, 1849. This village is in the beautiful upland country midway between Edinburg and Perth. His ancestors for many generations were of the industrial class with ambition to excel in whatever they undertook but contented with their lives and with their lot. Proud only of industry, integrity and sobriety and living upright, honorable lives for the jov of so living. His father was John Donaldson, who was a maker of fine shawls. His mother was Mary (Steedmon) Donaldson, and did her part in the family plan by rearing fine children and keeping a neat orderly homo for tliem. William was her eldest son, and had one brother and two sisters. He went to the village schools and having a great power of application and concentration was able to gain a very good classical education before he had outgrown his boyhood. This he was always glad to attribute to the fact that lie had such highly accomplished and learned teachers. He and his father had determined early in his life that his should be the life of a merchant and so when he came to the age when he must take up his work from the man's viewpoint he was apprenticed to a draper in his home town, for the term of four years. His pay was three shillings a week and his work included the humblest of labors. During the four years he was advanced from grade to grade of the mercantile practice and at the end of his apprenticeship lie accepted a position as clerk in a dry goods store in Glasgow. Here he drew a salary of forty pounds a year. In this position he remained eight years, being promoted from time to time until he had held many of the most responsible positions in the establishment with always and increasingly advanced salary. It was while he was employed here in 1873 that he married Miss Mary Turner, of Glasgow. At the end of this eight-year engagement the stirrings of an independent spirit began to be felt and Mr. Donaldson, now the father of a family, began to long for the time when he could be a merchant on his own account. The opportunities were not alluring in his native country. Old houses there have their established and attached customers and new enterprises do not flourish and Mr. Donaldson knew that to engage in business there was to court failure. He did not mean to fail. Report of the flourishing condition of business in America at this time fired his ambition and' he. after a conference with hi.s wife, determined to leavQ his wife and children in the care of her father and come to America where there were broader fields and bigger opportunities. This was in 1877. William took a position with a Scotch dry goods house in Providence, R. I. It was a big concern doing business over a great territory and was both wholesale and retail. Here Mr. Donaldson learned the more enterprising American methods and took on the alertness of an American citizen. Here also, he acquired knowledge of great value to him as to the needs ot various sections of the country. From the viewpoint of his acquired knowledge, Minnesota was particularly promising and so in 1881 he came to St. Paul. He began his business career in the West as a salesman for Auerbach, Finch, Van Slyke and Company and solicited business in both St. Paul and Minneapolis. It was not long before he recognized the superior advantages of Minneapolis for retail trade and in 1882 he rented a small store at 309 Nicollet avenue and put in a stock of la<lies' and gentlemen's furnishing goods. He had some little capital wliich he had sav<'(l during his clerking days in Scotland but for a good many things he was obliged to get credit. He bought his first show case of Leonard Paulle on credit. His success came from the beginning and at the end of a year when he could not obtain a renewal of his lease he took a department in the Glass Block which had just been erected by Colton and Company. This venture he made at liis own risk and for his own profit. It was only a few months before the Coltons failed and Samuel Groucock purchased their stock and put Mr. Donaldson in charge of the establishment. The stock of general dry goods was complete. In April, 1884, Mr. Donaldson bought out the Groucocks and went into business on his own account. He bought quantities of fresh stock and went into the dry goods business to win. He prospered from the start. Greatly increasing business made it necessary that he have more room, so the old building was torn down and the main building of what is now known as the Glass Block wa8 erected. This building was a marvel of construction at that time. There were five floors with elaborate stairways, elevators, and all lighted by a great central light well. The electric illumination of this building was a wonder and a revelation to Minneapolis twenty-five years ago. In 1891 the main building was enlarged by an annex on Sixth street. In twenty years the annual sales of this establishment had reached and passed the $2,000,000 mark and the number of employees was not less than 900 persons. He had twelve salaried buyers in New York and had offices in New York, Manchester and Paris. Mr. Donaldson watched the marvelous growth of this establishment for a number of years after this, but death claimed him at the very height of his business career. It was always Mr. Donaldson's policy to buj- at first hand for cash and to give his customers the benefit of this advantage. He believed in liberal advertising and in consequence his trade reached to the Pacific coast. He made the annual opening of his store a social event with goods attractively displayed, handsome decorations and beautiful music. An opening at Donaldson's in the old days was a thing to be remembered. Ten cents admission was charged and the proceeds given to charities.

Great as was the expenditure of energy in the management of his own business enterprises Mr. Donaldson yet found time to devote to the interests of the city of his adoption. His civic spirit and interest was keen and he gave his time freely to anything which he considered for the good of the community. He was very prominent in the Business Men's Union of Minneapolis and for a long time was chairman of the executive committee of this organization. This was a voluntary association of business men for the purpose of promoting the manufacturing and jobbing interests of the city and Mr. Donaldson entered into it with heart and soul.

His business life did not isolate him from the social life of tlie city. Like all men of tremendous energy he liked to play as well as work. He was particularly active in the Caledonian Society and was the first chief of this organization in Minneapolis, and was associated with Mr. Forgan, banker of Chicago.

The family life in the Donaldson household was ideal. The social life of each member of the family was shared by all and there was found in this home what has unfortunately grown unfashionable of late years, the real family circle where the interests of one are the interests of all. Mr. Donaldson built a beautiful home near the Lake of the Isles not many years before he died and he bought a villa at Lake Minnetonka for a summer home for the family.

He was instrumental in selling the old building at the corner of Nicollet avenue and Seventh street, where the Dayton store is now located, and in securing the new location at 12th St. and Nicollet avenue. He assisted in laying the corner stone, and was ever a liberal supporter of it during bis life time.

Williaji W. Eastman

William W. Eastman was born in MinneapoliB June 22, 1886, son of Frederick W. Eastman and grandson of William W. Eastman, the pioneer manufacturer, as told in a separate sketch.

He was graduated from St. Luke's School, Wayne, Pennsylvania, in 1905, and entering the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University received his degree with the class of 1910. The next year he became connected with the bond department of the Minneapolis Trust company. In January, 1912, he started in business for himself and later was incorporated as William W. Eastman Company, with a capital stock of $100,- 000, and is proving an important factor in the commercial life of Minneapolis.

He is a member of the Minneapolis, Minikahda and Lafayette clubs, and of the St. Paul University club. He was married February 18, 1913, and now has a son, William W. Eastman, Jr. All duties of good citizenship receive his careful attention, and he is a zealous Supporter of undertakings involving wholesome advancement and enduring welfare.

Gustave F. Ewe

Gustave F. Ewe, a prominent member and former president of the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce, was born at La Crosse, Wisconsin, May, 1863. His father, Otto Ewe, was a native of Berlin, Germany, and came to America in 1850, locating at La Crosse in the same year and establishing himself as a grain merchant. His son, Gustave, was therefore acquainted with grain handling from boyhood, and after leaving the La Crosse public schools, where he received his education, he began active participation in his father's business and for thirty-four years has devoted himself exclusively to this line. His first position was with the Cargill Elevator Company as grain agent. He served in this capacity for eight years and then became grain auditor for the same company. In 1888 he came to Minneapolis, wliere he continued in the employ of the Cargill Elevator Company until he became associated with the Van Dusen-Harrington Company, of which he is now vice-president and one of the active managers. He is also vice-president of the G. W. Van Dusen Company, the National Elevator Company, the Interstate Grain Company, and the Atlas Elevator Company, all organizations that are affiliated with the Van Dusen-Harrington Company. Through his life-long application and successful business career he has come to be regarded as an expert in all lines pertaining to his field of occupation and in the business circles of the city. During tlie many years of his membership of the Chamber of Commerce he has held numerous responsible positions; chairman of the board of appeal and of the committee on arbitration; in 1892, elected to the board of directors, serving as a member of that body for seven years; elected president of the Chamber of Commerce for the term of 1909 to 1910. Mr. Ewe was married in 1891 to Miss .Julia Molitor and they have four children, Willie F'rank, Clark W., Laura and Caroline. Mr. Ewe is a Shriner and has attained to the highest rank in Masonry. He is a member of the Minneapolis club, the Minikahda club and other leading social organizations.

Though it is a far cry from the vocation of a skilled mechanic to the profession of a surgeon, it is generally accepted as a fact by his most intimate friends that Dr. Charles Andrew Erdmann inherited from his father, a mechanic, his love for exact knowledge and for research work which has made him recognized as one of the foremost anatomists of the West if not of the entire United States. Indeed, even before he had received his degree as Doctor of Medicine at the age of twenty- seven years, he was looked upon as one of the men of great promise among those about to enter into the practice of his profession. His early years had been spent in Wisconsin; he was born in Milwaukee August 3, 1866, and his father, Andrew Erdmann, had guided him to his schooling in the public schools of Milwaukee and to his academic course in the University of Wisconsin, from which he was graduated. He came to Minnesota for his course in medicine, and received his doctor's diploma there in 1893, from the College of Medicine of the University of Minnesota. From there he went, to round out his medical education, to the universities and clinics of Berlin and Vienna. Returning, Dr. Erdmann was at once appointed demonstrator of anatomy in the college from which he had been graduated, and he held this position from 1894 to 1899. when he was elevated to a full profes-sorship of anatomy.

Dr. Erdmann has not limited his interests to the confines of his profession or of his college, but has figured actively in movements directed toward the civic and social betterment of the city and state. While he was still in the University as a student he served as deputy coroner of Hennepin county. He also took a leading part in the lodge work of several secret societies and belongs to several civic and non-professional organizations. He is a member of the American Medical Association, a Fellow of the American Association .a. Science, the American Association of Anatomists, belongs to the Minnesota State Medical Society and to the Hennepin County Medical Association.

Walter Donai.D Douglas

The people of modern days are in the habit of saying much of the heroic ages in human history, overlooking the fact that to render any age, or time, or place one of heroism nothing is needed but heroic souls, and such will always find crises to try their edge. The venerable Past has its lessons, doubtless, and well is it for those who master and heed them. But were it otherwise, the Present has themes enough of ennobling interest to employ all our faculties, to engross all our thoughts, save as they should contemplate the still vaster and grander Hereafter. Do any speak to us of Grecian or Roman heroism? They say well. But genius died not with Greece, and heroism has scarcely a recorded achievement which our own age, our own country, cannot parallel, in loftiness at least, if not in kind.

One shining case in point, in which the residents of Minneapolis are deeply interested and for which they are profoundly grateful, is the heroic stand taken by the late Walter D. Douglas, one of their most prominent and useful men, in the terrible Titanic disaster, in which he lost his life. They all most seriously deplore his untimely and tragic death, but the manner in which he met it has gone a long way toward reconciling them to his fate. For by that he established a record for manliness of the highest character among their citizens, and gave the community of his home a nation-wide reputation in a new field of comment and commendation, or one, at least, in which they had before planted no specifically illustrious monuments.

Mr. Douglas had a chance to save his life by getting into one of the later boats, and was urged to do so. But he resolutely put away his opportunity, declaring that he "wouldn't be a man if he entered one of the small boats while there was a woman left on board the doomed ship." At the same time, in obedience to the attributes and dictates of his high character and elevated manhood, he took an active part in helping the crew of the sinking vessel place the women and children on the life boats, aiding in loading and lowering the very last one of them. Then his last chance was gone, and lie resolutely looked death in the face and met it calmly. Within an hour afterward he went down with the stricken giant of the sea.

"Tliat is what we would have expected," said many of his fellow citizens of Minneapolis, when they heard the story, and George F. Piper, for many years a business associate of Mr. Douglas, tersely expressed the general sentiment of the community in an interview published in the Minneapolis papers at the time. Mr. Piper said: "Walter Douglas could not have died any other way. He was heroism itself, and his sincere respect for women and his natural bravery were dominant features of his character. I should have been surprised had Walter Douglas conducted himself in any other way than he did on the sinking Titanic."

Mr. Douglas was born at Waterloo, Iowa, in 1861, and was a son of George and Margaret (Boyd) Douglas, the former a native of Scotland and the latter of Belfast, Ireland. They were married in the United States and came West, to Dixon, Illinois, soon afterward. There the father was a contractor on the Northwestern Railroad for a time. The family then moved to Waterloo, Iowa, and afterward to Cedar Rapids in that state, where the father died.

The son obtained his education in the common and high schools and at Shattuck Military Academy. He began his business career in association with his father in what was known as Douglas & Stuart, later the American Cereals company, which manufactured Quaker oats, the celebrated breakfast food. Some time later, with his brother, George B. Douglas, he organized the Douglas Starch company in

Cedar Rapids, with which he was connected until his death. After his removal to Minneapolis in 1895 he became connected with the manufacture of linseed oil, conducting the business under the name of Douglas & Co., and was also connected with the Midland Linseed Oil company, of which E. C. Warner was president.

The oil business of the Douglas company was sold to the American Linseed Oil company in 1899, when Mr. Douglas became a partner in the grain firm of Piper, Johnson & Case, with which he was connected until January 1, 1912, when he retired, but still maintained many business interests in association with George F. Piper and E. C. Warner. His mind was broad and active, and required many business enterprises to occupy it, and he gave it full scope.

Among other industrial and mercantile institutions with which Mr. Douglas was prominently connected were the Canadian Elevator company, the Monarch Lumber company, and several other companies in the Dominion; the Saskatchewan Valley Land company, which owned, at one time, three million acres in the province of the same name; the Empire Elevator company of Fort William, Ontario, of which he was a director and member of the executive board, and the Quaker Oats company, in which he also served as a member of its executive board. In addition he was a director of the First National Bank of Minneapolis for years.

Mr. Douglas was married in Iowa on May 19, 1884, to Miss Lulu Camp, a daughter of Edward L. Camp, a highly respected resident of that state. By this marriage he became the father of two sons, Edward B. and George C, both of whom are living. Tlieir mother died in December, 1899. He was again married Nov. 6, 1907, to Mahala Dutton, who was rescued from the Titanic, and they all reside in Minneapolis. The father was a Democrat in his political affiliation early in life, but later threw off all party ties and became independent of them. In church connection he was a Presbyterian and devotedly serviceable to the congregation to which he belonged, as he was in promoting good works of every kind.

This zealous, public-spirited and highly useful citizen in life and radiant hero in death was known in Minneapolis as an undemonstrative and retiring man. It was not his custom to let his left hand know what his right hand did, and so, although liis private benefactions to the needy or struggling were large, the world knew little or nothing of them. Neither was he ever known to boast of his business successes or large accumulations of wealth. He was one of the richest men in his home city, but this was known only to a few of his most intimate associates, although his operations in business extended over several states and were large in Canada.

Mr. Douglas' body was picked up after the wreck of the Titanic and conveyed to Minneapolis, and it was buried in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in May, 1912. His useful life ended on April 15, and his untimely and tragical death at the age of fifty years ended a brilliant business career, an exalted citizenship and a record of general usefulness that would be creditable to any man or any community in any age of the world. High tributes were paid to the excellence of his character by every public voice, and the heroism he displayed in his death received new tributes of praise.

number. Our friend and fellow-associate. Walter D. Douglas, embarked upon the steamship "Titanic", sailing from Southampton April 10th. for the port of New York, and on the night of April 15th, while on its course in the North Atlantic, the ship was brought into violent collision with an iceberg, rendering her absolutely hel|)le3s. The life-boats were manned, and in one of these, Mr. Douglas was urged to escape, but this he steadfastly refused to do while women were to be saved, choosing to face death with honor, which he bravely and heroically did by the going down of the ship. Some mitigation of this most sad and tragic death of our friend and associate is derived from the fact that his body has since been reclaimed from the ocean, and will find suitable sepulture among his own family.

And now while pained and sorrowing for the loss of one beloved by us all, we desire to honor his memory, and to reverence the noble heroism of his deatli ; Therefore,

Resolved, That we bear willing testimony to our appreciation of him in all the walks of life; as a citizen ever true and faithful; in business affairs acute, unerring, successful and honorable, his word absolute verity: as an associate in our Board, always active, zealous, sound in judgment and helpful; as a friend, not fulsome, but ever courteous, kind, generous and dependable; as a man above reproach, of high culture, ripe in all the elements of a true manhood, and in his last great hour of trial, proved the sublimity of heroism which can only be the outgrowth of such a manhood.

The late Lester B. Elwood, long one of the leading real estate and insurance men of Minneapolis, who died here on October 3, 1911, after a residence in this city of thirty-six years, was born in Rochester, New York, on October 19, 1856, the son of E. P. Elwood, a banker, and a nephew of S. Dow Elwood, the founder and president of the Wayne County Savings Bank of Detroit, Michigan. He was educated at Oneida Seminary, state of New York, and came to Minneapolis at the age of nineteen. He came to this city to join Elwood S. Corser in the real estate, investment and insurance business, and was associated with him in business from the time of his arrival until his death. Mr. Corser is one of the oldest real estate men in Minneapolis, and the Corser Investment company, which he founded, is one of the city's most prominent and successful business institutions.

herself to consent to the proposed arrangement. So the destiny of the youth was- directed into a different channel, but it brought him an honorable and triumphant business career, which he would probably have worked out in any situation or amid any surroundings. He became a jiartner of Mr. Corser in business, and when the Corser Investment company was organized he was chosen its vice president. From the time of his arrival in the city he was a great believer in its future and devoted to its advancement and improvement. He laid out several additions to the city and Elwood avenue was named in his honor.

In political faith Mr. Elwood was an ardent Democrat of the old school, and frequently served as a delegate to the state and national conventions of his party. He was a firm believer in Hon. William J. Bryan, and a devoted friend of Governor John A. Johnson, of this state, who appointed him a member of the board of equalization, on which he rendered the state valuable service. He was also very active in the Minikahda club, the purchaser of all its property and influential in its councils. In addition he belonged to the Minneapolis club, the Minnesota club of St. Paul and the Sons of Veterans of the American Revolution. His religious affiliation was with Plymouth Congregational church, and in his early life he was a singer in the choir of the church he attended, and always a great lover of music.

Mr. Elwood was a studious and judicious reader, but gave his attention to nothing in this way but the old standard authors. He was noted for his genial wit, and also for sharp and caustic sarcasm when occasion required the use of it. He was devoted to his business, but was also fond of fishing and other outdoor sports, and intensely enjoyed his home life. He built the house in which he lived before his marriage. It was far out and there were few residents in the neighborhood at the time. But he had a wide choice of locations and chose this one in preference to all others. It became in a short time one of the best in the city. The lot is now No. 400 Ridgewood avenue.

On Oct. 23, 1890, Mr. Elwood was married to Miss Deda Mealey, of Monticello, a sister of Mrs. R. R. Rand and Mrs. J. 0. P. Wheelwright. Her parents settled at Monticello, Minnesota, in the early fifties, when there was but a little tavern at St. Anthony and not a house on the West Side. They both died at Monticello, where the father was a merchant and banker, and where they had full experience in all frontier conditions. They were real pioneers and the last survivors of the first settlers of Monticello. Mrs. Elwood was educated at Rockford College, Illinois. She is still living. Two children were born of the union: Catherine P., who is a student at Bryn Mawr, class of 1915, and Lester, who is preparing for Y'ale University at Phillips-.\ndover Seminarv. at Andover, Massachusetts.

Among Minncapoli's men whose lives have carried important influence in business, political and religious circles is he whose name heads this sketch, now living retired in the enjoyment of well earned rest, though his brain is still keen in its activity on all questions of the day.

ill" to the United States in June, 1865, he found employment with the Boston Screw Company, and there learned all the detail of the manufacture of screws and of the making of screw machinery. He made patterns for several new machines and installed them, also becoming a stockholder in the Company. In those years fhe American Screw Company was buying up the smaller shops and forming a monopoly, the Boston Company being thus absorbed.

In 1870 Mr. Fruen visited St. Paul - had then never heard of Minneapolis - but soon secured a repair and machine shop in the milling district of Minneapolis. The new process of flour manufacture was being introduced; and his skill was Bought to make patterns and build new machinery. With the idea of screw manufactory in mind he built twenty-five machines; and, in 1874, built a dam on Bassets Creek near where Western Avenue crosses it and erected a plant where he made 8,000 gross of screws, most of which were Sold to T. B. Janney & Co. R. P. Russell and M. J. Mendenhall were original partners, but both were so crippled by financial depression that the burden fell wholly upon Fi-uen, who found it difficult to enlist capital, so that it took some years to get well established. The American Screw Company had paid 200% dividends which were now reduced to zero. Screws which had sold at 90 cents per gross were selling at 19 cents ; and, when, in 1878, the American Company sought to buy Fruen's plant, he contracted not to reengage in the manufacture nor to teach others how to make screw machinery. While he had not been able to secure capital, and was at times almost destitute, he had hosts of friends who appreciated his struggle: and, once at least, they filled his buggy with provisions, and thus gave him substantial as well as moral support. After the historic mill explosion, his services were sought to provide means to prevent a recurrence, one being an alarm bell to indicate shortage of flow of grain between the mill stones and stop the machinery before the surfaces would be injured. Speed of machinery also needed regulation and in 1878 he secured patents on a Water Wheel Governor; which, within a year, had replaced all other such devices in Minneapolis; although, to get his first Governor into use he had to give it to one of the mills. His old screw factory was now converted into a manufactory of these governors. These machines which automatically regulated the speed of water wheels, regardless of the head of water, were shipped into many foreign countries including England, Japan and Argentine. His industry demanded his attention largely till 1890. and proved a financial success, making him an important factor in business circles. Mr. Fruen is doubtless best known in connection with the supply of spring water to Minneapolis. Fine springs of purest water near his factory began to be utilized about 1882 for this purpose, H. W. Phelps being a partner in the venture. A franchise was asked for to lay mains to bring the water to the heart of the city and to supply users on the route. .John T. West and Thomas Lowry being associates. But one dissenting vote opposed, but Mayor Pillsbury vetoed it, the rates a.sked by Mr. Phelps not being satisfactory even to his own associates. In a second efifort Philip Winston was a partner: and, still later a third attempt was made, Mr. Winston then being mayor; but not then interested, and who vetoed it. Opposition developed, the papers especially 'calling the promoters grafters, fakers, etc. In 1885 in company with Phelps they began to deliver water in jugs; and. in a few months Mr. Fruen became solo owner. An ice plant was added and ever since the business has grown till it has now assumed immense proportions. In 1896 Mr. Fruen retired, liis son. Wm. H. Fruen, becoming the head of the business now known as the Glenwood-lnglewood Company.

The Fruen Cereal Company is another project started by Wm. F. Fruen and H. W. Phelps in 1896, then making the Pettijohn Breakfast Food. Mr. Phelps retired from this plant some years since, Mr. F'rueu continuing till this was turned over to his children, the original screw factory being utilized.

Mr. Fruen's house stands on an elevation on the Bank of Bassett's Creek, and here his fertile brain is occupied with history, politics, philosophy, sociology and religion. His experience as a manufacturer made him an ardent free trader, his views appearing in pamiihlets, which have had some influence in leading the political thought of agricultured states away from the old protection fetich, his story of the Minnesota Congressman having had a wide circulation. In religion he is a member of the First Baptist Church; but. in this as in other matters he is not bound by other's views, but is a free thinker, holding liberal ideas, and being especially opposed to the modem commercialized religion or the adherence to Mosaic law, holding that we live under more advanced conditions. With fullest faith in American institutions the love of country has impelled him at times to break forth in song in praise of Patriotism.

Manley L. Fosseen

Recognized as among the foremost members of the upper house of the Minnesota legislature. Hon. Manley L. Fosseen has come to be looked upon as a leader in constructive legislation. Schooled in the law by virtue of his practice and because of his long service as a member of the law-making body. Senator Fosseen is looked to as an authority among the framers of legislation tending to build for the sociological betterment of mankind. Indeed, it is in this particular phase of law-making that he has won high place, not only among his colleagues of the legislature, but among builders for better conditions of society in other states.

He was educated in the public schools of Minneapolis and in Dixon College, Dixon, Illinois. He was graduated from the Law School of the University of Minnesota in 1895, after a course that was marked by a strong show of ability in consideration of aff'airs of state. He at once began active pra'etiee of his profession, and has since enjoyed an extensive and satisfactory general practice.

Ever an ardent Republican, Senator FoSseen has been found one of the most enthusiastic workers in the party. He has been a delegate to and participant in almost innumerable party conventions and conferences, and he has been as well a strenuous worker in the committees which have had to do with the campaigns. In 1901 Senator Fosseen was a member of the Hennepin County Republican Central Committee, and one of three in charge of the speakership bureau. His signal ability there won for him the support of a great number of the leaders, to the end that he became a candidate for and was elected to the lower house of the legislature in 1902, representing the Forty-second District, in the session of 1903. Ever since he has served continuously in one or the other of the two houses. He was elected to the state senate in 1906, and has continued in that office, serving

The district which Senator Fossecn represents is a strong labor district, and so the senator has been the author of much constructive legislation that would naturally arise from the exhaustive study of labor problems which was prompted by his representing the strongest labor district in Minnesota. Thus is he looked up to as the man who made possible through legislation the evening schools which . are a boon to a great number of the working people, including free books and supplies which go with those evening schools. He is an untiring worker for the betterment of the schools, and it is he to whom the children who will be the citizens of the future are indebted for the statute which forbids use of basement rooms as school rooms.

Senator Fosseen has taken a great interest in the practice of law, and in the methods of procedure in the courts. His experience has thus taught him of the abuses, and so it came about that among other laws to his credit there is one which requires foreign insurance companies to try all cases affecting them in the state courts, instead of taking them to federal courts in states other than that in which tlie litigation originates. As a member of the judiciary committee of the state senate Mr. FosSeen has taken a prominent part in the furthering of legislation. So, too, his research into matters having to do with the labor questions has been recognized, and he was chairman of the labor committee in the session of 1909, and a member of a sub-committee of five in 1911 to study the labor question with reference to compensation, hours, etc. Tlie conclusions of this special sub-committee led to the introduction in this and subsequent sessions, of bills pertaining to the matter. These bills, which he helped largely in drawing, embodied the best of labor legislation from other states.

For two years or more following the session of 1911 Senator Fosseen was a member of a joint commission with legislators from Wisconsin, engaged in an endeavor to straigliten out disputes of long standing over the boundary lines of Minnesota and Wisconsin. The summer of 1912 was devoted largely to personal study of the question, and in observation, the committee being assisted by the attorney general from each state. The chief controversy, over the boundary line in St. Louis bay, remained unsettled. But the work of Senator Fosseen is expected to go far toward ending the dispute over the boundary line in Lake Pepin.

Among important pieces of legislation introduced by him in the legislature was the first attempt at regulation of cold storage. He also introduced the first bill providing for policewomen in Minnesota. The most advanced of the bills providing for sterilization of criminals and defectives - a measure strongly urged by criminologists, sociologists, and others as tending to eliminate re-creation of criminal tendencies - was introduced by Senator Fossen. And that he held a high relation in respect to his fitness for directing and guiding legislation is evidenced in the fact that he was chairman of the so-called "reception committee" of the senate in the special session of 1912 - ^a session called for a specific purpose, which could best be furthered by having tlie reception committee pass on all measures introduced. It was a committee which was all-powerful, and its chairman was highly complimented on his direction of its proceedings.

Fosseen, who is now living, retired, in Minneapolis. Mr. F'osseen was married in 1897 to Carrie S. Jorgens of Minneapolis, and they have two children, Freeman F. and Rolf 0. L. Mr. Fosseen is active in social and civic organizations, and is a director of the Citizens' State bank as well as its counsel.

A publication of this nature exercises its most important function when it takes cognizance, through the medium of proper memorial tribute, of the character and achievements of so noble and distinguished a citizen as the late Dr. Tourtellotte, who established his residence in Minnesota more than forty years ago and whose benignant influence here extended in many directions. He ever stood exponent of the most leal and loj'al citizenship and was a gracious, kindly personality whose memory will long be cherished and venerated in the great state in which he long lived and labored to goodly ends. The career of Dr. Tourtellotte was one of varied and interesting order, and he gained prestige not only as an able representative of the medical profession but also as a man of affairs. His life was marked by signal purity of purpose and a high sense of stewardship.

Dr. Jacob Francis Tourtellotte was born at Thompson, Windham county, Connecticut, on the 26th of December, 1835, and at his beautiful home in the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota, he was summoned to the life eternal on the 11th of September, 1912, in the fulness of years and well earned honors. He was a scion of a family that was founded in America in the colonial era of our national history and the lineage is traced back to sterling French origin. He was one of four brothers, all of whom attained to distinction in connection with the activities and responsibilities of life. Gen. John E. Tourtellotte, one of the brothers was breveted at the close of the war Brigadier General. He gave half of his fortune to his brother, the Doctor. The other brothers were Dr. Augustus and Monroe L.

To the common schools of his native state Dr. Jacob F. Tourtellotte was indebted for his early educational discipline, which was supplemented by an effective course in a normal or teachers' school at Bridgewater, Massachusetts. He proved an able and popular representative of the pedagogic profession wlien a young man, and in addition to serving as principal of public schools at Dudley and Oxford, Massachusetts, he also taught one year in the public schools of Ohio. With alert and receptive mind, and high ambition, Dr. Tourtellotte finally entered with characteristic vigor and earnestness upon the work of preparing himself for the exacting and humane profession which he signally dignified and honored by his character and services. He finally entered tlie College of Physicians & Surgeons in the city of New York, this being now the medical department of Columbia University, and in this great institution he was graduated in 1861, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. His intrinsic loyalty and patriotism forthwith came into evidence, as the Civil war had been precipitated upon a divided nation. Immediately after his graduation he tendered his aid in defense of the Union and was assigned to duty as naval surgeon. He gave himself with all of devotion to his responsible duties and continued in active service in the navy department during virtually the entire period of the great conflict through which

At the close of the war Dr. Tourtellotte Continued in the naval service of the government and was assigned to duty as surgeon on the "Nyack," on which vessel he proceeded to Valparaiso, Chili, where he remained stationed for three years. In the meanwhile he became alfected wifli an organic disorder of the heart and the same was emphasized by his marked increase in weight. Under these conditions he found it imperative to resign his |)Osition in the naval service, and as soon as possible he rejoined his wife, who had remained in the city of New York. Skilled physicians gave to Dr. Tourtellotte the assurance that his physical condition was such that he could hope to live but a short period if he remained in the climate of the eastern states, and accordingly, in the spring of 1870. he came with his wife to Minnesota and established his residence at Winona. His selection of a home in this state having been largely inlluenced by the fact that one of his brothers was at that time living at LaCrosse, Wisconsin, and had strongly advocated the desirability ol this change.

Having at his command considerable financial resources, including the $20,000 received as marriage dower by his devoted wife, Dr. Tourtellotte found it possible and expedient to establish himself in the private banking business at Winona, and with this important line of enterprise he continued to be actively and successfully identified for a period of fully twenty years. He showed much discretion and mature judgment as a financier and through his careful and judicious investments in Minnesota real estate he added materially to his already substantial fortune. He likewise made circumspect investigation in the e.\ten<ling of financial loans, and his work in looking up real estate in this line kept him niuih in the open air. so that his health greatly improved, though he found it necessary throughout the residue of his life to observe the most careful and punctilious habits, with rigid and abstemious diet and constant self-denial in manifold other ways. He thus prolonged his life to a goodly old age, though he had originally been admonished that his tenure of life must be most precarious at all times. His physical condition made it inconsistent for him to follow the Work of his profession, but his fine power found other mediums for useful and worthy action, and he proved one of the world's productive workers, with good will and sympathy for all mankind and with a constant desire to be of service to his fellow men. It stands in evidence of his wisdom and great self-control that he lived for forty years after his retirement from the navy and contrary to the predictions of the best medical authorities. In his operations as a banker the Doctor never suffered loss through loans or investments made by him and never dispossessed any man of a home, his dominating ideal being to do all in his power to aid others, and his trust having thus been inviolable. He was known and honored as one of the leading business men and influential citizens of Winona, to the development and upbuilding of which he contributed in generous measure. There he continued to reside until 18it2, when, after the death of her father, Mrs. Tourtellotte manifested a desire to seek a home in a metropolitan center in which could be found broader and more inviting social advantages. After making investigations in the city of St. Paul, where they found no residence property which met with their tastes and approval in full. Dr. and Mrs. Tourtellotte came to Minneapolis, where they were most fortunate in si-curing the beautiful residence still occupied by the widow. This magnitieent home is situated on West IStli street, facing lyoring park.

Dr. Tourtellotte passed the gentle twilight of his life, in the loving companionship of the wife of his youth and amid associations that were in every res[>ect ideal. Realizing how precarious was his hold upon life. Dr. Tourtellotte denied himself the many social amentities in which he would otherwise have found satisfaction. At all times Mrs. Tourtellotte subordinated all other interests to thoughtful care and ministration awarded to her invalid husband during the later years of his life, and mutual sympathy, aspiration and devotion characterized their entire wedded life, so that its memories are hallowed to the one who survives and who finds her greatest measure of consolation and compensation in the memories of their long and ideal companionship.

After coming to Minneapolis Dr. Tourtellotte made most judicious investments in central realty, and with the passing of years these properties have become very valuable, the well improved buildings being devoted to stores and ollices and thus yielding a substantial income to Mrs. Tourtellotte.

With an intense desire to do somefliing worthy for their childhood home, the attractive little city of Thompson, Connecticut, Dr. and Mrs. Tourtellotte gave the matter careful and earnest consideration and finally decided to erect as a memorial the handsome high-school building which now graces and honors the town and stands as an enduring monument to their generosity and wisdom. The selection of a site foi the new building was made by Mrs. Tourtellotte, as her busband was too enfeebled to make the requisite journey to th<! old home, and popular opinion in Thompson now fully upholds the wise selection made by Mrs. Tourtellotte, the beautiful building standing upon a commanding elevation and affording a (ine view over the attractive valley, as well as a sight of tlie mills erected and long operated by the father ol Mrs. Tourtellotte. The Tourtellotte Memorial High School was completed in 1909 and is a model in architecture and all its provisions for effective service in behalf of popular education. The children of the mill operatives are here given admirable opportunities to tit themselves for the duties and responsibilities of life and speiial facilities have been generously provided for heightening appreciation for those things that represent the higher ideals of human existence. Tht specially unique feature of the building is its memorial room, which is thrown open to the public on the first Sunday ol each month and which has proved a strong educational influence, as well as a means of entertainment. In this room are placed nmny family heirlooms of both the Tourtellotte and Arnold families, of which latter Mrs. Tourtellotte is a representative, besides excellent family portraits and other works of art executed by well known masters. It may be understood, without further details, that these fine specimens of sculpture and painting give to the people of the little New England city many of the advantages of the great art centers and prove a great educational force in the community. The village of Thompson is the place of summer homes for many prominent an<l influential lioston and New York families and it is one of the picturesque and beautiful towns that contribute to the manifold charms of New England, fhat gracious cradle of much of our national history.

Dr. Tourtellotte was a man of broad and well-fortified opinions and great intellectual vitality. Uc was modest ond retiring by nature, signally free from bigotry and intolerance, and guided and ordered his life upon the loftiest plane of integrity and honor. He was mindful of those in affliction or distress and his private benevolences wire many, but ever rendered with characteristic lack of ostentation, so that he avoided notoriety. One old lady, a youthful friend of his mother, received from his hands for many years a virtual pension, and he considered it a privilege to extend to her this kindly and merited aid. A similar benefice has been given to this gentle and venerable woman by Mrs. Tourtellotte since the death of her honored luisband, and one of her valued possessions is a tender and thankful letter written to her by the one whose life, at extreme age, has been illumined and made thankful by the timely and generous aid thus extended. In politics Dr. Tourtellotte gave his allegiance to the Republican party and his religious faith, which dominated him in all the relations of life, was that of the Baptist church. The mortal remains of this honored citizen were laid to rest beside those of his two and only children, in the beautiful Sylvan cemetery at Winona, and he was the last of his immediate family, the name of which he dignified and ennobled by his character and services. Mrs. Tourtellotte has planned and is now executing her gracious design of providing in Minneapolis a worthy and enduring memorial to her husband, and this is to be a home for the deaconess nurses of the M. E. Church. The building will cover half a block of land and will be a model in design and appointments, even as it will prove a generous and noble contribution to the humanitarian influences working in the community. Mi*s. Tourtellotte is a woman of most gracious personality and marked culture, with admirable social proclivities, so that she is naturally a loved and valued factor in the representative social activities of her liome city, which is endeared to her by the hallowed memories and associations of past years as well as by the pleasing relations of the present time.

On the 36th of .Tune. 1865, was solemnized the marriage of Dr. Tourtellotte to Miss Harriet Arnold, who was born at Thompson, Conn., and whose father, William 8. Arnold, was a wealthy cotton manufacturer and influential and honored citizen of Connecticut. Mr. Arnold was an ardent abolitionist and contributed freely to the cause. He was a leader in the movement to erect a statue of William Loyd Garrison on Commonwealth avenue, Boston. Mr. Arnold also became identified with enterprises that conserved development and progress in the state of Minnesota, where he was prominently concerned in the building of the Southern Minnesota Railroad, of which his friend Van Horn, the well known railroad man, was at the head, as president of the company. When Mrs. Tourtellotte was fifteen years of age she entered a coeducational boarding school at Dudley, Mass., and there she formed the acquaintance of her future husband. Their mutual attraction ripened into a tender and abiding love, and this glorified and idealized their companionship during the long years of their wedded life, their marriage having been solemnized immediately after the close of the war. Two children were bom to them, Harriet Lucina Mary, died in 1870 aged one year and Francis Harriett, born in 1874, died in 1884. In all that represents the best values of life Mrs. Tourtellotte feels that she has been graciously endowed, and she has shown her appreciation through the medium of kindly thoughts and kindly deeds, so that th£ later years bear their fruitage in loving friendships and pleasing memories, - the elements wliich make for compensation and happiness.

Guy A. Thomas

Guy A. Thomas, one of the directors and department managers of tlie Washburn-Crosby company, which is known and recognized the world over as the greatest flour milling institution in the history of mankind, is a native of Keeseville, Essex county. New York, where his life began October 28, 1874. He is a son of G. T. and France's (Nimocks) Thomas, natives of tlie states of New Y'ork and Michigan respectively. His father later moving to New Orleans where he was for many years in the flour commission business.

The son was educated in a private school at Fargo, North Dakota, and came to Minneapolis in 1887. His business career was then started as a newsboy. He soon afterward secured employment in the Washburn -Crosby company, and he has been connected with it ever since, serving in a number of different capacities and demonstrating his efficiency and capacity in each to such an extent that his progress in the employ of tlie company has been steadily toward the top. For a number of years he made an excellent record as a salesman for the company, and he is now one of its directors and managers in addition to being interested in all its subsidiary companies.

In the public and civic afl'airs of Minneapolis and Hennepin county Mr. Thomas has always taken an earnest interest and an active part. He is of the Democratic faith in politics, and has long been a member of the State Central committee of his political party. He has also served as president of the Hennepin County Democratic committee. At this time (1914) he is one of the directors of the Minneapolis Civic and Commerce association and belongs to all the prominent clubs in the city. Mr. Thomas has always evidenced his faith in Minneapolis' business being a large owner in property. Fraternally he is a member of the Order of Elks on the roll of Minneapolis Lodge No. 44.

Mr. Thomas was married in 1901 to Miss Lulu Frisk, of St. Paul. They have one son, Guy Thomas, Jr., now (1914) five years of age. The family residence is at 1600 Mount Curve avenue. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas take a helpful interest in promoting the work of all good agencies active in the community and are zealous in the careful performance of all the duties of serviceable citizenship.

Herbert Everett Fairchild

His ancestors were of Scottish descent and came to the colonies early and taking a leading part in the development of the country in the early days. His father was S. M. Fairchild of New York. He was a farmer, and in 1863 he came west to Iowa and took 160 acres of government land, which he developed and cultivated for a good many years. His mother was Helen (Pierce) Fairchild and Herbert was one of five children, all but one of whom are living at the present time. There were tliree sons and two daughters. In 1893 Mr. Fairchild, Sr., moved to ;\linnea|ioIis to make his home here. Soon afterward the mother died and the father went to live in Virginia.

Herbert Everett Fairchild is the only member of the family who still lives here. He was born in Galena. 111., on December 17, 1861, and he received his education in the ))ublic schools and graduated from the high school of F'ort Dodge. Iowa. He was not yet of age when he came to Miimeapolis in 1880 and began his active business career. He went into the drug bu!iiii>'»:j. Kor live yi-arn lie worked at this and his industry and energy told in the rapid iirogress which he made, but the work was too fonfining and his health suffered, so in 1885 he gave it up lor good and went into the real estate and lire insurance business. He was I'ortunate in making prolitaiile investments in Minneapolis real estate and by close application made the yeaiis count lor good gains in this new venture. He was unusually successful. It was in ISSS that hr lirst went into the banking prol'e»siun and he is at present pjesiilint ol the State Institution lor Savings.

The profession of bunking is an exacting one; it mpiires in its managing ullicers unn-niitting attention, close aci|uuintance with the linancial conditions of the country and of the greater inlluences which affect the monetary stability in the country; good judgment, firmness of administration and alertness in all the daily occurring details of business, but in the midst of all this and in spite of his struggle for success and wealth he has never neglected his civic or social duties. He is a Republican, but the hanking business is ineoinpatible with political life anil seldom affords its votary time to seek political honors even if he were inclined. In city matters Mr. Kairchild is independent in his choice of candidates, and he is always keenly alive to the issues of the day.

Ezra Farnsworth

Mr. Farnsworth is recognized as one of the builders of the city of Minneapolis. Evidences of his foresight and of his appreciation of the city's possibilities may be seen in numerous institutions that are part of the city's chief assets.

Born in lioston .lanuary 3, 1S43, he grew to manhood in that city. Graduating from the high school, he at once went to work in the big drv goods house of Jewett-Tibbits & Co., for two years, and at the close of the war he engaged with the Parker. Wilder & Company, in which his father was a partner. Young Farnsworth started in at the bottom, intending to learn the business in its every phase.

But he was interrupted by the breaking out of the Civil war, and in the Fall of 1861, he enlisted as a private soldier in the Twenty-sixtli Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, which had been reorganized from the old Sixth Massachusetts Militia, the regiment which had shed the first blood of the war at Baltimore. The new regiment saw extraordinary -"-rvice. It was with Butler at the capture of New Orleans and of the forts below, and did provost guard duty in the tity. In 1863, then a first lieutenant, he was detailed to receive recruits at Boston. Tliis duty kept him in Boston for six months. The general in command detailed Lieutenant Farnsworth ami other minor ofllcers to drill the recruits. He much preferred active service and rejoined his regiment at Franklin. Ixiuisiana. after it had returned from the Red River expedition. It was then sent to Bermuda Hundred, Va., under Oen. Butler again, and Lieut. Farnsworth was made l>riga<le commissary. When in 1S64. the Confederates under Knrly made thi>ir raid on Washington, in an endeavor to capture the national capital, the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts, as part of the Nineteenth Corjis. was sent to Washington to head off the invaders. It followed the enemy back to the .Shenandoah

Valley and was under Sheridan at Winchester. Upon the arrival of Sheridan after his famous ride, the regiment wiui in the charge which routed the enemy. At the battle of Cedar Creek, while in command of his company, Lieut, Farnsworth was wounded for tlic first time in his three years' service, a grape shot taking off his left foot. He was then promoted captain, and was sent home. It was a year before Captain Farnsworth recovered from his wound sulliciently even to endure the wearing of an artificial foot.

His war service over, Mr. Farnsworth re-engaged with his old house of I'arker, Wilder & Co. He went into the New York branch, which had an immense trade. Later he became a partner, and he was with that house until ISSl. He was given charge of the finances and credits, inude iinpurtant changes in the system of handling creditors, and also watched closely the western buyers. The firm of H. B. Clallin & Company had handled this business, but Mr. Farnsworth now decided to sell to the Western trade direct. So it came about that when 'Black Friday" came, the linn had a large amount of notes due. One jobbing house alone owed Parker, Wilder & Company $80,000. The debtor paid the firm $1,000 in cash, and Mr. Farnsworth accepted small country dealers' notes for $70,000. The debtor firm failed. Mr. Farnsworth's partners were incensed because he had made what they regarded as so "thin-spread-out" a settlement without consulting them. The country notes were for small amounts; but he preferred to carry them rather than the $70,000 notes of the one firm, and later the one firm's failure justified his judgment.

After his term of partnership expired, his family physician advised a complete change of surroundings, for the benefit of his wife's healtli. Mr. Farnsworth had some wild lami, in Stevens County, Minnesota, which he owned in partnership with his brother-in-law, Chas. B. Xewcomb, who lived in St. Paul. Efforts of his partners to induce him to retain his interest in the firm were unavailing, although he had then a $.')0.000 interest in the business, and that business had become very substantial, and its future looked fine; younger partners soon aciiinnilated handsome fortunes. Hut Mr. Farnsworth left the firm, and today he has no regrets over his decision.

With his brother-in-law, Mr. Newcomb, for a partner, Mr. Farnsworth went enthusiastically into the farming enterprise in Stevens County, Minnesota. The change was advantageous to Mrs. Farnsworth's health, and they remained there for three years, although spending their winters elsewhere. Mr. Newcomb returned to St. Paul, and Farnsworth was in full cliarge.

Mr. Farnsworth finally abandoned farm life. He and Newcomb traded their land for Jlinncapolis real estate, about the Lake of the Isles and along Central Avenue, Mr. Farnsworth decided to live in Minneapolis, although St. Paul friends urgi'd him to live there. He came to Minneapolis in ISKl, and soon had more than three hundred lots and thirty-five or forty houses on Central Avenue, ami one hundred lots near Lake of the Isles. He began to improve them, and he also did a general real estate business, in partnership with ,Iohn R. Woolcott.

Mr. Farnsworth, during the days before his retirement, had a long and persistent - but successful - struggle for the erection of the Franklin Avenue bridge over the Mississippi. The bridge fight involved warring real estate interests, was carried into the State I><gislature. and fhtis into the campaigns of candidates for the legislature, and was partieipate<l in by such men as "Itill" King. T. 11. Walki-r. riiarh-s A. I'illsbiiry. J. B. Gilfillan, and L. I'. Menage, llii' Ih-I iiaiM.d then in the

Mr. I'arnsworth greatly aided in the development of the Minneapolis park system. The Park Board had entered upon the work of development, and Mr. Farnsworth offered it a part of Prospect Park. The Board refused it on the ground that the land was too rough. Mr. Farnsworth also owned a long strip of the Mississippi river bank, a mile and a quarter long. He petitioned the Board to take this strip for a park. He also interested the St. Paul Park Board in the offer. Both bodies at first firmly opposed Mr. Farnsworth's project, but he clung tenaciously to it, and after four or five years succeeded in inducing the Park Board to take over that property by issuing certificates of indebtedness. J. B. Gilfillan furnished the money to Mr. Farnsworth at six per cent (when, during the panic of 1893, the regular rate was twelve), with which to pay off a mortgage so as to make the lots clear.

It was Mr. Farnsworth who interested Henry Villard, then president of the Northern Pacific, in a plan of building a dam at Meeker Island, the purpose being to generate power with which to furnish electricity to the Twin Cities. He had an engineer examine and report on the project. The big mill owners of Minneapolis opposed the project, and they got the city engineer to certify that there would be no such fall as planned, and that the backwater would destroy the tail race at the Falls of St. Anthony. The shrinkage in the transmission of electrical power, also, was then so great that Villard abandoned the project. It is on the same site that the high dam construction by the United States government was begun in 1913. to generate power and light for the Twin Cities and the University of Minnesota. Thus did Mr. Farnsworth see results from one of his pet hobbies, as it was termed at the time he broached it, and its subsequent development confirmed his judgment.

Mr. Farnsworth married Leila F. Newcorab, of Boston, in 1869. To them three sons and one daughter were born. Of these Arthur Farnsworth is a consulting engineer in Fresno, California; Ethel, who lives at home, is an artist and also is active in settlement work, and had charge of the art exhibit at the time of the Civic celebration in 1911; Ezra, Jr., and John Jay, twin brothers, are in real estate in Los Angeles, California. Mr. Farnsworth is a member of and former elder in Westminster Presbyterian Church; he is prominent in the Loyal Legion, and is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, being a past commander of John A. Rawlings post. His home is at 1418 Mount Curve Avenue, Minneapolis.

Hon. Charles Edwin Vanderburgh

In the sixty-eight years of the useful life of this most highly esteemed citizen of Minneapolis and distinguished jurist of Minnesota were achieved more substantial and practical results of enduring value and a larger measure of benefit for his own and subsequent generations than many men of eminent ability and sedulous industry accomplish in much longer periods of continued labor under conditions more favorable to production than those amid which he wrought out his great career. For his work was fundamental in character, and had to be broad, deep and enduring, and he had no aspiration higher than that of making it so, and his unusual qualities of mind and manhood enabled him to do it in the highest degree.

died in Minneapolis on March 3, 1898. He was of sturdy Holland Dutch stock, which showed its sterling quality in his grandfather, who was a soldier for American liberty in the Revolutionary war, and his father, Stephen Vanderburgh, who was one of the men of strong character, prominence and influence in the county of the judge's nativity, where the father was also bom and reared.

Charles Edwin Vanderburgh began his academic education in the district schools, continued it at Courtland Academy, at Homer, New York, and completed it at Yale College, from which he was graduated in 1852. For a time after his graduation from Yale he was principal of an academy at Oxford, in his native state, and while serving the public in that capacity he studied law. He was admitted to practice in 1855 and the next year took up his residence in Minneapolis and formed a law partnership with the late Judge F. R. E. Cornell. This partnership lasted until 1859, when Mr. Vanderburgh was elected judge of the Fourth Judicial District, which had been recently formed and included all of the state of Minnesota extending from Fort Snelling to the Canadian line and from the Red river almost to the Great Lakes, and lie was chosen to administer the law throughout this immense territory when he was only about thirty years of age.

The duties of the office were, however, congenial to the young judge, and he made use of them to excellent purpose for the good of the state. In driving from place to place in his district he impressed his individuality upon a wide circle of friends and acquaintances and secured a hold on the confidence and regard of the people that nothing could ever shake. As he used his power and influence only for the best interests of the whole people and the establishment of absolute and substantial justice, as far as that was attainable through human agencies, his popularity was a source of great and lasting benefit to the people of his day and those of all subsequent years because of the strong leverage it gave him in attaining the righteous ends toward which he always worked.

After a service of over twenty years on the district bench Judge Vanderburgh was elected, in 1881, a justice of the supreme court of the state to fill the place made vacant by the death of his old partner. Judge Cornell. He served on the supreme bench until 1894, with satisfaction to the judiciary, the bar and the people of the whole state. After his retirement from the supreme court he resumed the practice of law and his activity in political affairs. He was always a devoted friend of the common people, and valued their esteem and friendship above that of any other class. In 1896, when Hon. William .1. Bryan was first a candidate for the Presidency of the L^nited States, Judge Vanderburgh presided over the first mass meeting addressed by that distinguished Commoner in Minneapolis.

One of the most celebrated cases decided by Judge Vanderburgh was that of Eliza Winston, a slave belonging to a wealthy Mississippian and brought by him to St. Anthony, which was then a popular summer resort for Southern families. The slave woman was brought before the judge on a writ of habeas corpus, and he held that a slave brought into the free state of Minnesota became free, and set the woman at liberty. By the aid of sympathetic residents of St. Anthony she escaped to Canada, and the action of the judge, in the face of intense and influential opposition, fixed his fame here as a man of the kindliest feeling for the lowly and utter fearlessness in the discharge of what he felt to be his duty, betide what might.

Judge Vanderburgh's dpcisioiis while on the supreme bench were distinguished for strong eommon sense, great legal learning, thorough investigation of facts and admirable concim-ness of expression. They are best described, as is his character as a man and as a judge, by his associates in the court and the members of the bar who practiced before him. One of them declared he was entitled to the reputation he had of being "the best administrator of the equity jurisdiction who ever occupied a seat on the supreme bench, as well as a man of eminent ability in other departments of judicial procedure." Another said: "He brought to his high office a thorough scholarship in the law, a love of right, a studious' and painstaking habit. -What is the right of this matter T' was ever his guiding thought. Whether considered as a man, a citizen or a jurist, the main springs of his life and character aeenied to be a steadfast fidelity to duty, a sincere conviction in what he believed to be right ami a fearless courage in expressing that conviction." The highest tributes to his worth as a man, his usefulness and elevated tone as a citizen, his superior excellence as a ju<lge, and the exemplary nature of his private life were paid with one voice all over the state -t the time of his death and many times while he lived.

On ."September 2, 1857, Judge Vanderburgh married Miss Julia >r. Mygntt, of Oxford, New York. She died in 1863 after a protracted illness, leaving two children, William Henry, who is now a prominent member of the Minneapolis bar, and Julia M., who was accidentally drowned in a cistern in the family residence in 1871. In 187.'} the juJgc married Miss Anna Culbert, a daughter of Hon. .lohn Culbert, of Broadalbin, Fulton county, Xew York. The only child of this union was a beautiful daughter named Isabella, of unusual talents and promise. She died in ISO.!, at the age of eighteen. Her mother is still living and has lier home at 806 Mount Curve tvenue.

Judge Vanderburgh was preeminently a thurchman and a friend of the feeble congregation of his denomination. He was a Presbyterian, and for years served as a Sunday school su[>erintendent in different churches at different times and (S an elder of Westminster church and later of the First Presbyterian. He gave the ground and building for Stewart Memorial church, was a delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Council held in Glasgow in 1896, a trustee of Rennet Serainary, which was incorporated in 1871, and vice president of the Young Men's Library Association, whidi was organized in 1859. He was also a liberal contributor to Macalestcr College, and took a deep interest in Albert Lea College, of which he was a trustee. His death was sudden and seemed untimely, but his memory still lives in the affectionate regard of the whole community.

-An imitance of capability in public office is furnished in the career of Martin C. Fosni-s. the late emcient, capable and popular assistant postmaster of Minneapolis.

Mr. Kosnes was lM)rn in Norway. March 26, 1831, ami etme to Minnesota with bis father, Amund Fosnes, at the -Re of sixteen. They located on a farm in Winona county, where Martin attended the sfchool in the neighborhood. His c«pabilitie» attracted the attention of Hon. William Windom, United States Senator, and secured him an entrance into the official life of the country, in which he was thenceforth creditably employed. Senator Windom made him his private secretary, and lie was axscK'iated in that relation with that eminent and amiable gentleman for a number of years. He afterward became an exumiiier in the pension office and so continued until .January 1, IHUl. His services here won him strong commendation, and his aptitude and l>caring gained him additional credit and popularity until his death, Oct. 16, 1913.

In January, 1891. Mr. Fosnea was trunxferred to the postoflice branch of the public service as a postoffice inspector. This office he held until early in 1911, when he was assigned to duty in Minneapolis as assistant postmaster, a position he filled with credit to himself, honor to the city and satisfaction to the government. During his twenty years as postoffice inspector. Mr. Fosnes paswed two years in Cuba, having Ix-en sent to take charge of postal matters there. He was designated as "Director (ieneral of Posts" on the inland and in official rosters, and when the United States retired from its protectorate he was assigned to the inspection of postoffices in the Northwest.

Mr. Fosnes was a Lutheran in religious affiliation and a Republican in political faith and allegiance. But he never was an active partisan or took a prominent part in political Contentions. He loyally adhered to party, but deemed faithful performance of his official duties the l>est service he could render it. The welfare of every community in which he lived engaged his interest warmly as diil all projects for public improvement. In every requirement and particular he proved himself to be an excellent citizen, and won universal approval and regard. Yet he bore his popularity modi-stly, claiming no distinction, and U'iiig content with having performed his duty well. On -luly 9, 1891. he was united in marriage, at Des Moines, Iowa, with Doctor Edith M. Gould, a native of Connecticut. She shares in the public esteem bestowed upon her husband, and like him is well worthy of all regard and admiration. She has been in active practice in St. Paul since 1909. She is a club woman, being identified with the Federation and of the Suffrage movement.

As the means of supplying the residents of Minneapolis with pure spring water for drinking and domestic purposes, and as a citizen deeply and productively intereste<l in the moral, social, fraternal and civic life of the city and the higher and finer development of its aesthetic features. William F. Fruen, secretary and treasurer of the (Jlenwood-Inglewood company and president of the Fruen Cereal company, is making himself very useful in the community, being esteemed in accordance with his elevated and progressive citizenship.

Mr. Fruen is a native of Boston, where his life began in 1869. He is a 8<m of William H. and Elizabf-th (Wheeler! Fruen, who came to Minneapolis in 1870, leaving William F., with his grandmother in Boston until two years later. Full mention of his parents will be found elsewhere in this volume.

In 1885 Mr. Fruen became associated with H. W. Phelps in the sale of spring water to public and private houses, restaurants and other business establishments in the city. The springs were on his factory property, which embraced three acres, and the sales from tlie start were suflicient to require the use of two delivery teams. On the adjoining property were bountiful springs belonging to the Inglewood company, which was engaged in the same business. The two plants were competitors for ten or eleven years, and by the end of that period each was obliged to use five or six wagons, and in 1896 the Avise step of consolidating them under one management was taken. Then the Glenwood-Inglewood company was formed and incorporated in 1904, with A. E. Holbrook. the former owner of the Inglewood springs, as president.

When the Glenwood-Inglewood company was incorporated, seven delivery teams were suflicient to meet its requirements. It is now obliged to use thirty-three, and delivers about 3,000,000 gallons annually, employing regularly more than seventy persons. The capital stock of the company in 19t)4 was $50,000. In 1910 this was increased to $250,000, and, in 1912 the large store and office building which the company now owns at 911 and 913 Hennepin avenue, was erected. W. F. Fruen was made president of the company in 1904 and is also president of the Fruen Cereal company of Minneapolis.

Mr. Fruen is an active member of Calvary Methodist Episcopal church and has been superintendent of Sunday school for fifteen years. He also belongs to the Royal Arcanum, the Auto, Rotary, and Athletic clubs, the Young Men's Christian Association and the Philharmonic and Fine Arts societies, and takes an active and serviceable interest in each. On May 20, 1896, he was married to Miss Jessie Confer. She died in 1904, leaving three children, Kenneth L., Helen M. and John Donald, all of whom are still members of the parental family circle.

spirit, and soon after coming to Minneapolis joined the Minnesota National Guard. In 1884 he was made surgeon of the First Regiment, and so continued until the time of his death. It was in his capacity as regimental surgeon that, at the time of the wreck of the excursion .steamer and barges on Lake Pepin in 1888 he repaired with his company of the National Guard to render assistance. His services on that occasion indelibly endeared him to many persons with whom he came in contact.

When, in 1898, the First Regiment Minnesota National Guard, became the Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and was ordered to Manila, Dr. Fitzgerald went as its surgeon. In time he was made division surgeon of the Eighth Army Corps, with the rank of major. In this position Major Fitzgerald made many friends among the regular army officers, who tried to prevail upon him to remain in the service after the departure of his regiment. But he chose to return to Minneapolis with the Thirteenth Minnesota, and after the reorganization of the Minnesota National Guard he resumed his old position as surgeon of the First Regiment, a position which he continued to hold until his death. Dr. Fitzgerald had contracted malaria while in Manila, and death was the result.

Dr. Fitzgerald was an active member of the Sons of the Revolution, his great-grandfather having been a Revolutionary soldier, and as his grandfather fought in the War of 1812, the military line of the family may be said to have been carried down to the present generation. Dr. Fitzgerald was a member of the Masonic order and of the Knights of Pythias. He was also a member of Gethsemane Episcopal church. His widow, whose maiden name was Eleanor Bradley, survives him.

Simon Peter Snyder

Dr. Reynaldo J. Fitzgerald was born in Chinindagua, Nicaragua, Central America, September 15, 1853. At that time his father C. C. Fitzgerald, was an American consul in Nicaragua, and was also engaged in civil and mining engineering and mine development work for American capitalists. The consul was a native of Oswego county. New York, and a graduate of Union College. He spent twenty-two years in Central and South America, giving some years, after his service as a diplomatist in Nicaragua, to gold mine development in Venezuela. Finally he returned to the L^nited States, continuing as an engineer in New York, and becoming extensively interested in mining in Arizona and New Mexico.

His son, R. J. Fitzgerald, was sent to the father's native State as soon as he was old enough to go to school. He attended Seabury Military Institute in Saybrooke, Connecticut, and Claverack Military Institute, in New York. Then he became a student in Albany Medical College, a department of Union College. He was graduated in 1882 with the degree of Doctor of 'Medicine and came to Minneapolis the same year. Here he decided to enter upon the practice of his profession, emphasizing surgery. He became especially associated with certain manufacturing interests as surgeon, and soon built up an extensive practice. What was more important, he became an exceptionally popular man in the life of the community.

Becoming a resident of Minneapolis in 1855, or rather of St. Anthony, as the part of the city on the East side of the river was then called, a young man of twenty-nine, and at once taking . hold of the interests of the new community whose growing fame had won him to its midst, Simon P, Snyder became a leading factor in the growth, development and improvement of the metropolis of Minnesota very early in its history and his own. It was young blood, enterprising, energetic, full of life, resoxirceful, self-reliant and daring that the Northwest needed, and in becoming a part of its force for advancement he not only entered his own proper field, but gave it a potency and directing hand full of benefit for its residents and highly appreciated by them. In his "Personal Recollections of Minnesota" Colonel Stevens says: "Probably to Messrs. Snyder & MacFarland are the citizens of Minneapolis more indebted than to any others for the i.vpid progress made in the early industries on the west side ot the falls."

Mr. Snyder was born in the town of Somerset, Somerset ciiunty. Pennsylvania, on April 14. 1826. He was of Oernian ancestry, his grandfather having come to thLs country from Oerhardstbnim, Germany, and located in Maryland near the close of the eighteenth century. He afterward moved to Somerset county, Pennsylvania, and settled permanently. The grandfather obtained title to one-half of the land on which the town of Somerset was afterward built, and when the time came for the erection of a court house and a public school house in the settlement he gave half the land required

(or thi- |)ur[Ki8c, ineluiliiiK in his doniition enough for a Lutheran church, the Lutherantt being the sect in which he had been reared and to which he belonged.

Simon P. f<nyder is the son of .John A. and Elizabeth (Shaffer! Snyder, and was the third of twelve children, six sons and six <iaiiphters. whose mother lived to see them all married. Three of the daughters are still living. Simon had such educational opportunities and facilities as were provided by the district schools of his day and locality, but began the battle of life for himself in his early youth. .\t the age of fourteen he hecanii' a clerk in a general store kept by "ne of his uncles, and in that he served as an employe for three years. At the end of that period he was given full charge of the store and the Berkley flouring mill, which he managed for his uncle successfully and profitably two years. He then bought the store, which he owned and conducted for four years on his own account, greatly enlarging its trade and extending its popularity.

In 1850 Mr. .Snyder sold his store and other interests in Pennsylvania and journeyed by team, by way of Wheeling and Columbus, to Springfield, Ohio, where another uncle, John L. Snyder, was living and engaged in general merchandising. The young voyager had his heart set on the Farther West, as it was then, and drove on to Peoria, Illinois. When he reached that town he found awaiting him a letter from bis Uncle .lohn urging him to return to Springfield and buy the store. The invitation was accepted. Mr. Snyder drove back to .Springfield, bought the store and kept it until 1855, when he again sold out and came on to Minneapolis, arriving in May.

Directly after reaching this city the newcomer formed a partnership with W. K. MacFarland for the purpose of locating and dealing in lands. Until the ensuing autumn he had his otlice with O. Curtis on Main street. St. Anthony, about where the Pillsbury A mill now stands. In September, 1855, the firm built an oflice on Bridge Square, directly across the street from the Pauly house, where its enterprising members continued their land business and also opened the first banking house in Minneapolis. Two years later I>evi L. Cook joined the firm, which then became .Snyder, MacFarland & Cook.

Prior to this time, however, and soon after his arrival in the city. Mr. Snyder bought eighty acres of land near Nicollet avenue and Tenth street, which he platted as "Snyder's First Addition to Minneapolis." He paid $100 an acre for this land. It is now worth several millions. His interest in the welfare of his new home was manifest from the beginning of his residence here. In 1856, 1857 and 1858 he was treasurer of the Minnesota Agricultural Society, and during his occupancy of this ollice the first state fair was held, the ground now covered by the public library building and the First Baptist church being used for the piirpose.

Other evidences of the public spirit of this progressive citizen were soon given. In 1862 he established the first auction and storage room in the city and in 1876 built the first warehouse for the storage of overtime railroad freight. During the Indian outbreak in 1862 he and .Anson Northrup organized a volunteer company of one hundred and forty men to go to the relief of New Ulm and Fort Kidgeley. Mr. Northrup was captain and -Mr. Snydi'r first lieutenant of this company, in which eai-h man furnished his horse and equipment. The company proci-eiled to St. Peter and reporte.l to

The company was detained at .St. Peter two days and became very restless on account of the delay. Captain Northrup and Lieutenant Snyder waited in person on (Jeneral Sibley, and asked leave to proceed with their company at once in aiivance of the general movement. General Sibley said: "I cannot grant you the privilege, but if you wish to go you will have to do so at your own peril." When this was reporteil to the company it decided to proceed at once. The men mounted their horses and made a midnight ride, arriving safely at the fort at sunrise next morning, one day ahead of the main column, bringing the first relief and great joy to the little garrison.

Mr. Snyder lived in Minneapolis continuously for fiftyeight years. He was vigorous, active and in good health until a few months before his death, which occurred Aug. 19. 191.1. On August 21. 1856. he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Ramsey, who was born in Springfield. Ohio, on February 21, 1832, a daughter of Alexander and Jane (.Stephenson! Ramsey. Her grandfather came from Ireland and was well educated, being a good Latin scholar and well versed in other liberal branches of learning. Her mother was a Kentuckian and a cousin of fJeorge .Stephenson, the inventor of the steam engine. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder's first home in Minneapolis was in the first frame house built on the west side of the river by Colonel Stevens. This house was where the Union station now stands, but has been placed in Minnehaha Park within recent years. Frank C. and Fred B. Snyder, the first two of the three children of the household, were born in this house. The third child. Mary ('. Snyder, was born in a cottage on the hill: now a part of Bridge Square. The present Snyder residence is at 410 Tenth street south, where the family has resided since 1876.

In their long record of service to the community these two venerable persons have been high examples of noble manhood and womanhood, and have devoted ability, culture and good citizenship to the public weal and to high ideals of domestic life.

Walter V. Phfield

On .Inly 25. rill, after a residence of twenty-one years in the city. Walter V. Fifield. a prominent lawyer and one of the founders of the Attorneys National Clearing House and publishers of the Clearing House Quarterly, died, thus ending a life of usefulness extending over fifty-five years. He was bom in Dubuque. Iowa. February 25. 1856, a scion of old New England stock that "built a church on every hillside and a school house in every valley."

He obtained an academic education at Orinnell College, then studied law. and was admitted to the bar at Oeneva, Nebraska. In 1890. he moved to Minneapolis, and in association with his brother, .Tames C. Fifield. and Henrv J. Fletcher, organized the law firm of Fifiehi. Fletcher A Fifield. with offices in the Minneapolis Bank building, later in the Lumber Exchange and finally in the Andrus building. His preference was commercial law. and he was one of the first members of the (^imniercial Law League of .America.

January, 1895, published the first number of the Clearing House Quarterly. This magazine is devoted to the interests of lawyers, credit men and bankers; and has become an important influence in business life. In its pages, Mr. Fitield found expression for his stimulating views on topics connected with commercial, civic, social and legal questions, his contributions being a strong factor in winning for it an enviable and widespread reputation.

For some years a zealous member of the Fifth Avenue Congregational church and afterward of the Lowry Hill congregation, Mr. Fifield labored with diligence and efl'ectiveness, helping liberally to build a church edifice and to maintain all benevolences and to promote the general welfare of the community. His was a strong personality, quick, positive, full of feeling, alive with keen business faculties and endowed with large executive ability. He was ever true to his friends, responsive to appeals from old associates and sedulous in doing good to others. By his old companions he was most deeply missed and mourned, and all who knew him lamented his early demise.

Mr. Fitield was married in August, 1879, at Geneva, Nebraska, to Miss Annie M. Richardson, of Chicago. She died September 23, 1908, leaving three children: Gertrude, wife of B. A. Fulmer, Albert W. and Walter W. On November 19, 1910, the father contracted a second marriage with Miss Elizabeth Wainman, daughter of the late C. P. Wainman, who still survives.

Dr. Don F. Fitzgerald

Dr. Don F. F^itzgerald, who is also a resident of Minneapolis, was born in Nicaragua, Nov. 27, 1867. During the ten years before he entered his fifteenth year, he attended school in New Orleans, and then went to the Albany Military Academy, Albany, New York. He also attended and finished at a preparatory school in Brooklyn, and later. in 1885, joined his brother in Minneapolis. He worked for a time for the Minneapolis Hardware Company, and then entered the employ of the Nicollet National Bank. After a time, too, he began to read medicine in the office of his brother. Dr. R. J. Fitzgerald. He had joined the First Regiment, Minnesota National Guard, and upon its conversion to the Thirteenth Minnesota, in 1898, he passed from private to Lieutenant of Company B. He served with this rank in the Philippines, and had several important details on special service. At one time he was quartermaster of the Regiment at the convalescent hospital in Manila. He went into the field with his company when the insurrection broke out, and remained in this service until the regiment was ordered home, after having taken part in twenty-one engagements.

On his return from the Islands, he finished his medical course, graduating from the College of Medicine of the University of Minnesota in 1903. He went into practice with his brother, continuing until the latter's death, and has since continued in the same jiractice. After graduating, he again entered the First Regiment, and succeeded his brother as Surgeon Major of the regiment.

In 1902 he married Isabel Bradley, of Minneapolis, and they have three children. His wife is a prominent member of church clubs and is active also in women's literary clubs, as well as being an accomplished musician. Mrs. Fitzgerald is also well known for her musical talent, and has long been a member of the Philharmonic Club. The Doctor is a member of the Minneapolis Athletic Club, the Knights of Pythias, as well as of the Sons of the Revolution. He holds membership in the various organizations of his profession. He is an Episcopalian, and a member of Gethsemane Episcopal Church.

J. Walker Godwin

The Penn Mutual Life Insurance company has more monev invested in loans on Minneapolis propertv than any two other companies combined. This fact is due almost wholly to two impelling causes. One is that the leading oflicials of the company have great and abiding faith in the future of this city and the steadfastness of its progress and property values; and the other is that it has here, in the person of J. Walker Godwin, one of its two general agents, a strong persuasive force and an excellent judgment at work for its interests and the promotion of its business.

Mr. Godwin is a Philadelphia gentleman of the old school, with all the polish and deep-seated courtesy of the best society of the Quaker City and a very large measure of business capacity. He has been one of the Penn Mutuat's most successful insurance w'riters and become thoroughly familiar with all phases of the company's business operations. He also is a great believer in Minneapolis, and has settled down here as a permanent resident. He connects himself closely in a serviceable way with all the best interests of the city and its residents, is an active member of the Minneapolis club and takes a very helpful part in the work of St. Mark's Episcopal church. His wife, to whom he has been married since coming to Minneapolis, was formerly Miss Frances Stockton of .Jacksonville, Florida.