Minneapolis City (part 54 of 80)

While this engagement occupied him only a part of each year he continued in it a long time, and during the period helped to survey a considerable portion of Northern and Western Minnesota, and divide it into townships and sections. His experience in it was of great advantage to himself and the country in a business way. It made him familiar with the white pine regions of the state, and led him to begin purchasing tracts of them, in connection with other persons, for the manvifacture of lumber, thus changing his purpose of devoting his energies to railroad surveying and construction and making him a lumberman on a verj' large scale.

In the lumber business he formed a partnership with Levi Butler and Howard Mills under the firm name of Butler. Mills & Walker, of which he was the manager. Failing health took Mr. Mills out of the firm when its mills were destroyed by fire, and a new finn was organized under the name of L. Butler & Company. This firm built one of the largest saw mills on the Mississippi and did a very extensive manufacturing business for several years. In 1877 Mr. Walker and Major George A. Camp formed the well-known firm of Camp & Wajker and bought the Pacific mill, long operated by .loseph Dean & Company, and considered at that time one of the leading lumber mills in this part of the world.

Mr. Walker's mind has always been expansive and broad of vision. In 1880 he began to purchase large quantities of pine land on the head waters of Red Lake and Clearwater rivers, and to utilize the timber there he and his oldest son. Gilbert M. Walker, organized the Red River Lumber company, erecting mills at Crookston, Minnesota, and Grand Forks on the Red river in North Dakota. In 1887 this enterprising and far-seeing man formed another partnership with H. C. Akeley of .Minneapolis. This firm sold large numbers of logs to the Minnesota Logging company and became the largest timber firm in the state. Mr. Walker afterward extended his land interests into California, where he is recognized as one of the largest owners of timber properties in the United States.

While Mr. Walker's timber, logging and lumber manufacturing business has been conducted very largely outside of Minneapolis, he has always manifested the strongest feeling and desire for the welfare of the city and its residents and a fruitful ambition to see it among the foremost cities of the country in its educational, industrial, commercial and social importance. He founded the Business Men's union, the forerunner of the Commercial club, and with Major Camp, planned and established the Central Market and Commission district, now one of the greatest wholesale markets and wholesale ex- changes in tlie world and wliicli has made Minneapolis the third city in this country as a commission center, it being surpassed only by New York and Chicago. He also furnished the capital for and built the Butler building, when it was a question whether the Butler company would locate its Northwestern branch in Minneapolis or St. Paul. By this act he secured for the Flour City the largest wholesale establishment west of Chicago.

But Mr. Walker's business success, great and instructive as it has been, is neither the only nor the best feature of interest in his career. Ho has been a great student and made himself master of many lines of thought and action. He is a recognized connoisseur in art, an authority on literature, ancient and modern, and has a vast wealth of information on every live and timely topic of consideration. Minneapolis is indebted to him for its fine public library, and he has been annually elected president of its executive board from the beginning of its history in 1885. An early member and patron of the old Athenaeum Library, he foresaw the need of a free public librarj' and secured the enactment of the law which gave to the city its present fine library buildiijg. The rapid growth of the library in capacity and popular favor since its opening day in 1SS9 has given it a standing in circulation fourth among the public libraries in the United States.

But this is not all of Mr. Walker's manifestation of interest in the finer side of life. The Walker home occupies half a city block in Minneapolis, and here he has a large and splendid private library, covering standard authoils in philosophy, science, history, political economy, poetry and art, and what is even more notable, a rare collection of fine paintings and other art products, which is said to constitute one of the finest art galleries in America or Europe. The collection represents about four hundred fine paintings by the old masters and modern American and European artists gathered in from the fine galleries of England, France, Italy. Germany and Spain, and from many of the galleries of this country. In addition to these he has about one hundred and twenty-five large paintings in the public library and over one hundred unhung.

This sumptuous art gallery is also enriched by a large assortment of the finest Chinese, Persian, Japanese and Corean pottery and porcelain, and one of jades that stands ahead of any known collection in beauty of form and color. He has in addition a magnificent assemblage of carved hard stones of most beautiful color and form, together with a large number of gems and precious stones and splendid crystals, an extensive and superior lot of ancient sunspot bronzes, mostly from China but some from Japan, and the finest aggregation of ancient glass to be found in any museum or collection. The gallery is open every week-day to the public without any charges for entrance fees or catalogues. It consists of ten rooms adjacent to his residence, and he has recently, during the current year (1913), begun the erection of a .$20,000 addition to it. In the gallery at the public library he has a large and valuable collection of porcelains and other works of art in addition to the paintings he has there, and in the museum of the Academy of Science he has a fine selection of ancient art work, pottery, porcelain, ancient glass, Greek and Persian vases, and a magnificent case of a'ncient bronzes. These two rooms are each one hundred and forty feet long.

From the character of his chief business operations Mr, Walker has naturally given much thought, attention and study to the forestry question, and he has so posted himself with reference to it that he is better prepared to discuss it intelligently tliun almost any other man in the country. Ho is now deeply and practically interivsted in the conservation of the forests we have left, and his extensive experience in the lumber trade, together with his judicious study of the subject, has given him a grasp of it that no other man possesses. On this subject he has delivered a considerable number of fine addresses and written many articles for publication in the press and in pamphlet form. In these he has set forth the only plan of conservation that is intended or expressed as a complete one. And his plan will undoubtedly prove successful if public sentiment and legislative enactments by the government and the timber states back it up. He is striving earnestly to get it adopted and put in practical operation, and seeking to induce the authorities who are desirous of intelligent conservation to join him in the movement.

Mr. Walker has also, for many years, been actively, intelligently and elTectively engaged in helping to promote agencies for the moral uplifting of the American people. He has been deeply interested in the Young Men's Christian Association in Minneapolis, at the State University and throughout thi.s state; and for years he has been the Northwestern member of the National Committee of that organization, which is one of the most important and useful committees in the country. He is also ardently and serviceably energetic in church work, especially in connection with the Methodist sect or denomination. For a number of years he has been the president of the Methodist Church Extension and Social Union of Minneapolis, and through the agency and helpfulness of this organization, and very largely by reason of his work and contributions, Methodist churches in Minneapolis, particularly those of the cojnmon people, are better established, freer from debt and more prosperous generally thaii those in any other city in America.

Mr, Walker has moral endowments as well as mental power of a high order. The best principles of integrity and honor govern him in all his transactions, and his word has ever been as good as his bond. He has a clear head and a strong mind, and these have been cultivated throughout his long career by reading, study and observation, and by constant intercourse with many of the best citizens of his state and other localities, all of whom he numbers among his friends. In the interesting and domestic character of husband and father he is particularly amiable, enjoying the unbounded affection of his family, and as a man he is just, generous and upright, ever eager to promote the welfare of his fellow men without challenging constant laudation by obtrusive benefits. In manner he is cultured and refined, and is of a genial and sympathetic nature; and as a Christian he lives a life full of good works and worthy of general emulation. His whole life, domestic and commercial, is marked by fixed principles of purity and benevolence.

On December 19. ISfiR. Mr. Walker was united in marriage with Miss Harriet G. Hulet, a daughter of Fletcher Hulet. They have five sons and one daughter living. The living sons are Gilbert M., Fletcher L., Willis J,, Clinton L, and Archie D, They are all associated with their father in his lumber interests. The daughter living is Julia, the wife of Ernest F. Smith, who has four children. The son who died was Leon B., who passed away in 1887. and the daughter who is dead was Harriet, who was the wife of Rev. Frederick 0, Holman, pastor of Hennepin avenue Methodist Episcopal church. Her death occurred in 1904.

Gkorge L. Bradley

Having i)ractically finished his business work for this world, George L. Bradley, founder of the G. L. Bradley Produce Commission company, is now living retired from active pursuits, enjoying the rest his long and busy career entitles him to, and secure in the confidence and esteem of the whole community in which a large part of his useful life to the present time has beei) passed, and in which he has made the mark of his enterprise, business ability and high character as a man and citizen.

Mr. Bradley was born at Wheeloek, Caledonia county, Vermont, November 1, 1837, in a family of merchants for three successive generations. His grandfather operated a general store at Wheelook Hollow. Sewell Bradley, the father of George L., succeeded the grandfather in the business, and George L. was destined to be a merchant too. At the age of seventeen he was bound to apprenticeship in a store at a compensation of $75 a year. In the performance of his duties he allowed molasses from a barrel to run over the vessel he was filling on two separate occasions. His employer, a Mr. Quimby, told him that if this occurred again he would be discharged. With characteristic spirit he replied that if it occurred again he would take his cap and go liomc. On January 14, 1914, he received from Mr. Quimby a little brown jug full of molasses, with an inscription on it saying that it would remind him of his first mercantile experience.

In September, 1857, Mr. Bradley came to Fox Lake, Wisconsin, where he was employed in clerking until 1861. He then passed a few months in the Water Cure Institute at Dansville, Kew York, when he returned to Vermont and located at Sheffield, near his old home, where he was engaged in merchandising five or six years. From Sheffield he moved to Sutton and later to St. Johnsbury, and formed the firm of Cross & Bradley, manufacturers of crackers, a business which has grown to immense proportions. He was occupied in this business twelve years. In 1885 he came West again and located in Minneapolis, where he bought stock in the Sidle- Fletcher-Holmes Milling company and took a position in the office, also acting as a salesman for the company, i.ater he was with H. E. Fletcher in the City Elevator company.

About fifteen years ago Mr. Bradley opened an olfice on Central Market and started a produce commission business. He did well and built up a large trade, and this was the beginning of the G. L. Bradley Produce Commission comjianv. He sold out his principal interest in the company when he retired five years since, but the business is still carried on under the old name. While living at St. Johnsbury, Vermont, he was connected with the First National Bank, of which Governor Fairbanks was president, and also had an interest in the Savings Bank, both old and well established and prosperous institutions.

Mr. Bradley being averse to ollicial life has never sought public service of any kind. He was married on January 14, 1864, at Sheffield, Vermont, to Miss Jane M. Morgan, of old New England stock. The fiftieth anniversary of their wedding was most pleasantly remembered by many of their old friends. They have reared a family of three orphans of other households from childhood. They are W. W. Bradley, secretary of the Minneapolis Humane Society; Fannie C, who is now the wife of A. A. Crane, vice president of the First National Bank, and Nellie P., wife of I. W. I.4iwrence. proprietor of the Hennepin laundry, the two girls being daughters of Mr. Bradley's sister. Mr. and Mrs. Bradley are members of the Second Church of the Christian Scientists, having been attracted to it through actual personal experiences, and they illustrate its teachings in their home and their daily lives. While not given much to sport, Mr. Bradley has found great pleasure in fishing for speckled trout.

Henry F. Brown

The life story of this great lumber merchant, renowned live stock breeder and strong potency in public afi'airs is one of unusual interest and embodies a high example of vigorous stimulating influence for struggling young men, while it is illustrative, at the same time, of the best attributes of elevated American citizenship, to which Mr. Brown was an ornament, and of which he was an illuminating specimen. He passed over to the activities that know no weariness on December 14, 1913, but he has left his name in large and enduring plirase on ,the industrial, mercantile, commercial, educational and moral life of the community in which he so long lived and operated on a large scale, and it will be remembered with grateful appreciation by the people of that community in all walks of endeavor.

Henry Francis Brown was born on his father's farm at Baldwin, Maine, on October 10, 1837, and began his academic education in the neighborhood district school. As soon as he was old enough he was sent to the Fryeburg Academy, Oxford county, in his native state, for two years, and afterward for two years more to an academy of a higher grade at Limerick in Y'ork county. He was a son of Cyrus S. and Mary (Burnham) Brown, both members of old New England families domesticated in that section of the country from early colonial times. ' The father was born at Baldwin, Maine, where he always lived, and where he reared a family of ten children. He was a man of considerable wealth for that time and locality, a leading man in his neighborhood and prominent in the political activities of the state. Five of his children are living. They have retained the old family homestead and go there every year for a family reunion.

Early in life the mighty Northwest, with its boundless resources and great wealth of opportunity seized upon Henry F. Brown's fancy, and its hold was strengthened and intensified by the flight of time. When he was nineteen years old it drew him, as with the tug of gravitation, into its choicest region, locating him in Minneapolis in 1860; but prior to coming to this city he taught sdiool for a short period in Wisconsin. On his arrival in Minneapolis he at once entered the lumber business, and in this he was engaged until he retired from active pursuits a short time before his death, but he sold the bulk of his lumber interests in 1896, as he then had other claims on his time and attention which were more agreeable to him, and he had also began to feel the burden of years upon liim.

It was in the lumber industry, however, that he laid the foundation of his fortune. He earned his first money in it by driving a team in the woods at twenty dollars a month. His progress at this i-ate was too slow to satisfy the demands of his ardent nature, and he turned his attention temporarily to other pursuits. He rented a farm, which he worked in the summer, and for three years in succession taught school in the winter. When he had acquired one thousand dollars in this

This reverse would have changed the whole life of many a man, but Jlr. Brown was made of firm fiber and gifted with a resolute will. He continued lumbering and soon recovered from his losses and started on the upward way to consequence and wealth at a rapid rate. In the course of a few years other enterprises of magnitude proved inviting to him and he also engaged in tliem. He acquired a three-fourths interest in two flouring mills in Minneapolis; became a leader in the formation of the North American Telegraph company, organized by Twin City capital to oppose the Western Union, and was one of the most extensive holders of its stock, and for years one of its directors; was the first president of the former Union National Bank, and a director in the Minneapolis Trust company and the Minneapolis Street Railway company, the latter afterward becoming a part of the Twin City Rapid Transit company. He was also interested in a leading way in the Minneapolis Land and Improvement company.

Notwithstanding these numerous and exacting claims on his time and energies, this gentleman of gigantic business enterprise and capacity found opportunity to give attention to other interests. He was for thirty-six years one of the largest individual operators in lumber in the Northwest in both wholesale and retail lines, and he carried the burden of his business in that line of trade easily. He was also the owner of an extensive iron property in the Mesaba range, which has been among the best producers of the United States Steel Corporation's development. In addition he was extensively engaged for many years in general farming on his faiTU of more than 400 acres near the city limits of Minneapolis.

But the work in wliich Jlr. Brown took most delight, ami which carried his name in renown around the world, was breeding Shorthorn cattle. The Browndale herd, on the farm of this name above mentioned, became famous in all the states of this country and in almost every foreign land. It took the sweepstakes prize and many others for individual members of the herd at the world's fair in Chicago in 1893, and has done the same at many state and county fairs. Visitors from many parts of the world have been to Browndale to see the famous herd and attend the annual Browndale auction of Shorthorns, and the Browndale strain has representatives wherever men value high-bred and superior live stock. So many notable animals have been bred on this farm that its output figures with great prominence in the pedigree records in this country and abroad.

Mr. Brown's prominence as a breeder caused him to be elected president of the American Shorthorn Breeders' association in 1906, 1907 and 1908, and his continuance as a member of its board of directors and its executive committee until his death. He gave the affairs of this association the most careful attention and helped most effectively to expand and magnify its power and usefulness. This was the case with everything he turned his mind to. No interest or enterprise with which he was ever connected failed to feel in the most serviceable way the quickening impulse of his resourceful mind and ready hand. In social life he long took an active interest as a member of the Commercial club of Minneapolis and the Saddle and Sirloin club of Chicago.

From his youth Mr. Brown was an ardent supporter of the policies and theories of government advocated by the Republican party, and during the earlier period of his life he was a very active worker for them. He served his party well and wisely as a committeeman and campaigner for years, but was never known as a seeker of ofiice. Only once did he allow his name to appear on the ballot. That was as presidential elector in 1884 for Benjamin Harrison, who was nominated for president in Minneapolis. But the welfare of the party to which he belonged was always a prime interest with him and he sought to promote its success, as long as he was active, by every proper means at his command.

In respect to other matters of public interest Mr. Brown was also energetic and potential. He was an enthusiastic motorist, and this made him an earnest advocate of good roads. As a member of the Automobile club of Minneapolis he gave his support ardently to the improvement of highways in the Northwest. His energy and helpfulness in this behalf were very noticeable and of great value to the whole section of country througliout which they were employed, and he is well remembered for them. He was also earnestly and practically interested in public charities, and on his own account maintained numerous private benevolences, but always without ostentation and with a decided aversion to public notice of his generosity in this connection. For his own enjoyment and recreation he was a great traveler whenever his business gave him the opportunity to indulge his taste in this respect. In the course of his life he visited nearly every section of the United States, and for many years usually passed his winters in Southern California, making Los Angeles his heaclquarters and traveling wherever he wished from there.

On July 19, 1865, Mr. Brown was united in marriage witli Miss Susan H. Fairchild of Maine. The marriage was solemnized at Saco. York county, in that state, where the bride was then living. One child was born to them, Grace, who died at the age of eight years. Mrs. Brown, who died in 1906, was a lady of great public spirit and very active in uplift work. Her philanthropic undertakings were numerous and very serviceable, and won her high regard among the people of Minneapolis. She was a member of the Chicago World's Fair commission for the state of Minnesota and took an active part in the management of the Women's department of that great exposition. Her services there were valued, as they were in every other enterprise with which she was ever connected. She and her husband worked hand in hand for every good purpose and kept achieving good results for their fellows in the human struggle for advancement, of which they were such strong and noble advocates, and their names are enshrined in the loving remembrance of all who knew them.

Secretary of the State Board of Health was born Feb. 37, 18.54, at Noblestown. Penn. His father was Dr. Wm. C. Bracken, whose ancestors were pioneers of Delaware, and his mother, Electo Alvord, was a descendant of early ininiigraiits to Massachusetts.

At thirteen Henry M. entered Eldersridge Academy, then conducted by a relative, to be fitted for Washington and .Ted'erson College. At seventeen he taught a summer school. Returning to the academy, he decided to enter Trinceton University. The death of his father changed his plans and he decided to take up liis father's profession, arranging for study in a physician's. office. Teaching to bear his expenses, he persisted till he was able to matriculate in the Medical Department of the University of Michigan. Resuming the duties of a teacher, he later took a course in the medical department of Columbia College, in New York City, where his degree was acquired in 1877.

In 1879 he received a diploma as licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh, Scotland, and soon after began three years' service as surgeon on the ocean liners of the Royal Mail Steamship Company of England. He was in general practice in Thompson, Connecticut, for a year or more when he became surgeon to a mining camp in Mexico. A year and a half later he returned to "the States," and after post-graduate work in New York City, he in 1885 came to Minneapolis. He was offered the chair of materia medica and therapeutics in the Minnesota Hospital College in 1886. When the Medical Department of the University was organized in 1887 he was given the same position, holding it till 1907, when he resigned to devote his whole time to the State Board of Health. lu 1895 his appointment as a member of the State Board of Health led to his becoming one of the most important servants of the state. Two years later, he was made Secretary of the Board, and thus became the principal executive guardian of public health. It became his duty to virtually organize his department and develop its various elements to that degree of efficiency that has made Minnesota noted for advance in health work.

Dr. Bracken's achievements have made him well known in the world of medical and kindred sciences. He has been honored by election to high offices in such organizations as the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, the American Public Health Association and the American Climatological Association. He is president of the American School of Hygiene Association, for 1914, and others allied with the parent body, the American Medical Association. He has published numerous papers and treatises on health subjects, and is recognized authority among state health officers. As chief executive officer of the State Board of Health the interests of the State have been his interests throughout, and he is given credit for honesty of purpose and earnestness of leadership in behalf of the people.

Martin B. Koon

He had been a member of the Minnesota bar since 1878. In that year he removed from Southern Michigan, took up his residence in Minnesota and began the active practice of his profession here. He was then thirty-seven years of age. He had practiced law in Michigan for about eleven yeare before he moved to Minnesota. He had been admitted to the Michigan bar in the year 1867, when he was twenty-six years of age.

Although born in Schuyler county, New York, he had lived, boy and man in southern Michigan since his early childhood. He was the son of a Michigan pioneer farmer, who was a man of Scottish ancestry, and in moral and mental fibre of the

He was early trained in the occupation of his father and disciplined in the heavy work of clearing and opening a farm in Southern Michigan, in the fourth and fifth decades of the last century. His early schooling was only such as the district school of that region and day afforded. Later he attended HiHsdale College, situated at the county seat of the county in which he lived. He there sustained himself largely by teaching and other work, while he carried on his studies.

Impaired health in the year 1863 induced him to go to California, where he remained two years, and was principally occupied in teaching school. At the end of that period he returned to Michigan, studied law in the law office of his brother in Hillsdale, and was. there admitted to the bar and practiced his profession until he removed to Minnesota.

Judge Koon was married November 18, 1873, to Josephine O. VanderMark. To them two daughters were born. Kate Estelle (Mrs. Clias. C. Boveyi and M. Louise (Mrs. Chas. D. Velie).

There is nothing new or unusual in the facts of Judge Koon's early life, above sketched. Other lawyers have earned honorable positions at the bar, in spite of early disadvantages and lack of opportunit.v. But the lawyers at the bar are few, who have that broad knowledge of the law and legal acumen, and at the same time that keen business sense and practical business judgment that Judge Koon possessed. All of these qualities in an unusual degree belonged to him, and they formed the basis of his great success as a lawyer, and of his influence and pqwer among men of affairs and in the business world. In addition to these qualities he was a good judge of human nature; he had keen perception, quick wit, great power of direct thought and terse exjjresSion, good command of strong, idiomatic English, depth of feeling, considerable imagination, and a persuasive and winning manner - all part of the equipment of the successful advocate at the bar. His ability to state a legal proposition clearly, tersely and in plain, simple language was very great. He could state a legal proposition or any question clearlj' because he thought clearly. He possessed, in a marked degree, what is called a legal mind, that is, a mind that, without great effort and almost unconsciously, anal.vzes any legal question presented by distinguishing at once the material from the immaterial matters, and that almost intuitively goes by direct course to the kernel of the question and sees the real point involved. He had great power of mental concentration and intense application, and a brain that worked with great rapidit.v and almost always at high pressure. He was thus able to ])erf<irm a large amount of work within a short time. Indeed, his working hours in his office were usually short and he seldom burned the midnight oil. He used to say - but in no boastful spirit, for he was in no sense a vainglorious man - that it was his belief that he could accomplish more effective law work in his office, in a given length of time, than any lawyer he had ever known. And this also was the experience and belief of his associates and those who worked with him.

In the later years of his life he was not a very diligent student of law books or careful reader of the reported decisions of the courts, and yet, such was his ability to think, discriminate and reason closely upon questions of law that, without any considerable investigation or study of the decisions, he was able to reach conclusions and opinions upon questions presented to him, the accuracy of which was usually confirmed when his associates came to examine tlie law. He used to say to some one of the young men in liis office: "This question has been presented to me, and here is my opinion as to wliat the law should be in regard to it. Look up the question carefully and tell me what the law is as you find it in the books." But ability to form closely accurate conclusions upon legal questions, without immediate investigation and study of the law involved, is not altogether a natural gift. It is the result of hard study and labor at some period in the lawyer's life. A so-called strong, legal mind is a mind, naturally logical and strong, that has been moulded into what it is by hard study of the law and severe discipline in its practice before the courts. Judge Koon was a hard and tireless student of the law during his student life and the early years of his professional life. For eleven j-ears before coming to Minnesota he had been in active, general practice in Michigan, where he had been disciplined at the bar under the old system of common law and chancery pleadings and practice, which there prevailed, a discipline not acquired or known by the young lawyer of today, who learns only modern code pleadings and practice. These years of general practice at the Michigan bar, in the criminal as well as the civil courts - for he not only appeared frequently for the defense in criminal cases - but he was for four years the prosecuting attorney of his county - appear to have been really the most important years of his professional life. They were the years when an unusually acute, active, discriminating, logical and strong mind, under the stern discipline of hard close study of the law and of the preparation and trial of common law and chancery cases, and of hard fought trials in the criminal courts, was being fashioned and moulded into the strong, legal mind which Judge Koon exhibited when he first came to the Minnesota bar, and which together with his keen business sense and executive ability, enabled him to dispatch business during the two years and more, from January, 1884, to May, 1886, that he sat as a Judge upon the bench of the Fourth Judicial District, with an apparent ease and a rapidity not before known to the practitioners before that Court. His decisions were indeed sometimes reversed by the Supreme Court, b<it lawyers and suitors were pleased with his businesslike methods upon the bench, and the proinptness with which he decided the cases submitted to Iiim. The late Judge John M. Shaw, in speaking at one time of Judge Koon's alibity as a lawyer, facetiously remarked that he \vould be a great lawyer if he were not so good a business man. While Judge Koon enjo}'ed his work upon the bench, yet after a time he began to feel that the bench was too retired and quiet a place for one of his temperament. His great business and executive ability made him restless there, and in May, 1886, after he had been elected to fill a seven years' term as .Judge of the District Court, he resigned and came back to the bar, where he was engaged in more or less active practice until about a year before his death.

There was, however, not a little wisdom in the remark of Judge Shaw. Unlike many, perhaps unlike the great majority of lawyers, Judge Koon was a Strong business man. He had unusually keen business sense and practical business judgment, and he possessed, above all. strong common sense. It was these qiuilitics which, taken in connection with his legal ability, made him a strong practical Judge on the bench and lawyer at the bar. He was pre-eminently a business man's lawyer. Men of affairs and business consulted him because he could not only advise them well about the law, but bc(^ause he could put himself in their places and look at their affairs and counsel them from a practical business standpoint. He had large business interests of his own. He was for more than thirty years a director and for many years vice-president of the Northwestern National Bank. He was a director of the Minnesota Loan & Trust Company from its beginning, and an officer for many years. He was for a number of yeai"8 a director of the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway Company and its general counsel. He was for twentyseven years a director of the Minneapolis Street Railway Company, and for a period its treasurer. He was a director of the Twin City Rapid Transit Company. He was for many years a director of the Minneapolis General Electric Company, and also its president. He was interested in and director of several of the large grain and milling companies engaged in business in Minneapolis and in other cities in the Northwest. He was an earlj' member of the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce. He was interested in other business enterprises, but from the foregoing it is plain to be seen that he was a man of affairs and of large business interests, as well as a practicing lawyer.

He was a man of public spirit. He had great faith in the stability and future growth and was greatly interested in the welfare of Minneapolis and of Minnesota and of the Northwest. During the later years of his life he freely gave his time and his best efforts to inaugurating and advancing business and philanthropic projects and undertakings, ' w-hich he believed were of public necessity or would be helpful and elevating to the people of his city and state. Judge Koon took a very active part in the organization of the Civic and Commerce Association.

He had a strong sense of what was just and right and of what was unjust and wrong. He reasoned honestly. In his thinking he was alwaj's honest, both with himself and with others. When he had reached a conclusion he stood squarely upon it, and never allowed himself or others to be deceived in regard to it. He was fearless in making expression of his views to friend or enemy on any question, when he regarded it necessary, and often such expression came from him with a directness and force that was startling and almost cruel. There \vould be no indirect approach to the matter in hand, no circumlocution, no waste of words by him. And yet, ordinarily he was kind, gentle, gracious and pleasing in his words and conduct to others.

Lastly, Judge Koon possessed what really is of greatest value to man or woman - the conlidence. esteem and respect of his friends, of his neighbors, of the citizens of his city and state, and of all persons who knew him ])ersonally or by reputation, and he possessed also the warm affection of all those w'ho knew him well.

To Sum up: He was a sound and capable Judge, and able and distinguished law3-er, a wise counsellor, a strong and sagacious business man. a good citizen, a man generous and of (Uiblic spirit, a ukiii who commanded the respect and won the affection of all wlio knew him, a kind and generous husband and father, an industrious, hard-working, honest man of power and influence for good in his day and in the communit.y in which he lived - Such was Martin B. Koon. What further or better words of remembrance or eulogy can be spoken of any man? He had passed his three score years and ten, and li;i(l llllcd the full nu'asure of a useful and a noble life.

Edgar C. Bisbee

Among the men and women who took part in the early historj' of Minnesota and helped to redeem part of it from the wilderness, or at least to further its early progress and development, were the parents of Edgar C. Bisbee of Minneapolis, John and Ardelia (Francis) Bisbee, who saw stirring times in the first few years of their residence in the State. The father was a native of Maine and a merchant by occupation. He came to Minnesota in 1864, and was making his way by wagon to Madelia when the Indian uprising was in progress. Every hour of his trip was fraught with peril and required the utmost care and circumspection on his part. But he reached his destination in safety.

His son, Edgar C. Bisbee, was born at Madelia, Minnesota, on March 15, 1871, and reared in that town. He was graduated from the high school there, and afterward entered the scientific department of the State University, from which he received his degree in 1894. During his attendance at the University he was a member of its football team in 1891, 1893 and 1893, and the team won every game and the championship in each of those three years in contests with the best teams of the west, including Michigan and Wisconsin.

After leaving the University Mr. Bisbee engaged in the insurance, real estate and loan business for a few months, but before the end of the year became connected with the Dubuque iiinseed Oil company. He at once saw great opportunities and possibilities in the business and determined Co master it in every detail. With this end in view he studied every department of. the business night and day, and also acquired extensive and expert knowledge of the machinery used in the manufacture of linseed oil. By this means he became one of the best posted men in the business, and made himself so valuable also to the company that in less than three years he rose from a minor position to that of superintendent and manager.

From the Dubuque Linseed Oil company, at the end of three years after entering its employ, Mr. Bisbee went over to the St. Paul Linseed Oil company as manager and. at the same time, took the management of the Northwestern Shot and Lead Works. In 1900, in connection with E. C. Warner and W. D. Douglas, he organized the Jlidland Linseed Oil company. This has since been changed to the Midland Linseed Products company, and Mr. Bisbee is now its vice president. He is putting his extensive knowledge of the business in which the company is engaged to good use in its behalf, and its operations are large and profitable. He is also financially interested and a director in several other prosperous institutions.

Mr. Bisbee's business capacity and reputation are such that his counsel is much sought and highly valued in business circles generally. He is an active and prominent member of the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce and the Minneapolis club, Commercial club, and St. Anthony Commercial club, and also president of the Twin City Paint club. He is active in behalf of all public improvements, and zealous in his aid in promoting tbe welfare of the community and its residents in every line of usefulness.

On May 19, 1897, Mr, Bisbee was united in marriage with Miss Mattie May Arnold of Hornellsville, New York. They have two children, their daughter Helen Francis, aged eleven, and their son, Edgar Arnold, aged seven. The father was one of the trustees of Andrew Presbyterian church for three years and president of the board, but he and his wife now attend Westminster church of the same denomination. In political faith and allegiance he is a loyal Republican, but he is not an active partisan and has never desired a political office of any kind, either by election or appointment, preferring to serve his city, state and country from the honorable and independent post of private citizenship.

One of the residents of Minneapolis who was entitled to recognition and esteem as a pioneer, was the late Dr. Abner Lacock Bausman, the first dentist in Minneapolis proper, wlio opened an office for the practice of his profession in 1857, on Second avenue south, then Helen street. He won particular regard, too, by his elevation of character, earnest interest in the welfare and progress of the community and positive, patriotic and useful citizenship.

Dr. Bausman was born in Ebensburg, Cambria county, Pennsylvania, on March 25, 1834, of German ancestry. He was sent to school in Pittsburg for his academic education, and passed his boyhood and youth to the age of fifteen on his father's farm. In 1854 he became a dental student in an office in Pittsburg, and in 1856, having acquired a mastery of his profession and being in search of a suitable locality for his future operations, he came to Minnesota and took up a tract of government land on the Minnesota river near Mankato, on which he started improvements and the work of cultivation.

Professional life was more inviting to him than farming, even in the fruitful section in which his land lay, and in May, 1857, he moved to Minneapolis and opened an office for the practice of dentistry, sharing it with Dr. G. H. Keith. He was in active practice in this city for a continuous period of about forty-three years, but retired in 1900 becau.se of failing eyesight.

Dr. Bausman took a great and helpful interest in everything pertaining to his profession and contributing to its advancement. He was a charter member of the Minnesota Dental Association and one of the most active supporters. The science of medicine generally enlisted his attention also to -the extent of inducing him to aid in the organization of the Homeopathic Medical College, of which he was president for a number of years after 1870, when it was founded. In 1888 this college conferred on him the honorary degree of M. D., and he is now said to have been the only dentist who received this degree of learning as an honor in recognition of general scientific attainments and professional skill. But he was an authority on many questions of medical theory and practice, and was frequently consulted by physicians. For a number of years his office was in fact a kind of medical headquarters, and many important meetings of doctors were held in it.

The doctor was also a charter member of the Young Men's Library Association, which afterward became the Athenaeum, and was one of the organizers of the present Public Libraries of the city. He was one of the directors and the secretary of this organization for fifteen years. A Baptist in religious faith, he was a devout . and zealous member of the First Baptist church of Minneapolis, and at his death its oldest conununicant in both the number of his years of life and the length of his membership. He served it as a trustee for a long time, and took a leading part in organizing the Baptist Union, of which he was one of the directors from the beginning of its history.

In politics the doctor adopted the principles of the Republican party at its organization, and throughout his life he adhered to them. He was an active partisan, but never sought a political office of any kind. He was well known all over tlie city and was a great favorite with its older physicians and all classes of the earlier residents, and toward all men he was genial, obliging and companionable at all times, and practically serviceable when he could be.

The declining years of his life Dr. Bausman spent very quietly at his home. To him his home life meant more than anything else. He was a student of tlie Bible and very fond of all reading. His health failing the later years of his life, Dr. Bausman died in Minneapolis August 29, 1911. At the time of his death he was one of the few Territorial Pioneers remaining in Minneapolis. His friends were almost all among tlie old residents of the city.

Dr. Bausman was a man of great moral courage, kind, generous, always ready to see the good in everyone and to overlook their weaknesses, a man greatly loved and respected by his friends and acquaintances for his integrity and high sense of honor.

Dr. Bausman was first married in 1863 to Miss Fannie R. Abraham of ilinncapolis. She died in 1876, leaving one son and one daughter. George A. Bausman, the son, is connected with the National Equipment company, of Springfield, Mass., of which Mr. Frank H. Page is the head. The daughter, Bertha Bausman, is the wife of Mr. Page. The doctor was married a second timte, in 1879, to Miss Rebecca Fenby of St. Louis, Missouri, who is still living. Her fatlier was a prominent grain and flour merchant in St. Louis, having gone to that city from Baltimore in 1858. The daughter's acquaintance with Dr. Bausman began in her childhood, when the family came to Lake Minnetonka to spend the summers. She and the doctor became the parents of two sons and one daughter. Richard Fenby, the older of the sons, is in the sales department of the Washburn-Crosby Company, in which capacity he has made several foreign trips. Alonzo Linton, the second son, is superintendent of the National Equipment company and the inventor of a number of machines which it manufactures. The daughter, Marion Douglas Bausman, who is living at home with her mother, attends the Minneapolis School of Fine Arts. Mrs. Bausman has been prominent in church and social work. She is a most estimable lady, richly deserving of the high regard the people have for her.

Frederick Butterfield Chute

Among those wlio liave dignified and adorned the real estate business and kept it active and fruitful, Fred B. Chute, who operates principally on the East Side, is entitled to a high rank. His career in his dual activity as a practicing lawyer and dealer in real property is all the more gratifying to the city in which he operates from the fact that he is a product of it and has passed his life to the present time (1914) almost eontinuouslj' within its limits.

He is a son of Dr. Samuel H. and Helen E. A. (Day) Chute, the former a native of Columbus, Ohio, and the latter of the province of Ontario, Canada. A complete record of the life of Dr. Samuel A. Chute will be found In this volume.

Fred B. Chute grew to manhood in Minneapolis, and here he obtained his preparatory education from tutors and in private schools. In 1885 he entei'ed the preparatory department of Notre Dame University, Indiana, and from that institution he was graduated in 1892 with the degree of Bachelor of Letters. He then passed one year in the law department of the same university, but deciding to continue his law studies at home, he returned to Minneapolis and entered the law department of the University of Minnesota. At the completion of his post-graduate work in 1896 he received the degree of LL. M. He had already begun practicing, however, and was making progress in his professional career. But a little later he was obliged to give more attention to the business of the Chute Realty Company, of which he wias one of the incorporators, his brother, Louis P. Chute, being another. Since that time, although he has practiced law independently to some extent, his energies have been occupied mainly in the real estate business, the several firms with which he is connected having been agents in the consummation of some of the largest transactions in realty which have taken place in the city within his experience in the business.

Mr. Chute at this time (1914) is vice president and .secretary of the Chute Realty Company; vice president and secretary of the Chute Brothers Company, and a member of the firm of L. P. & F. B. Chute, and he is active in the management of the financial and 'commercial interests which tliese institutions represent.

Mr. Chute is favorably known in Minneapolis social circles as well as in the business world, being connected with the larger Social organizations, among them the Minneapolis, Minikahda and Minnetonka Yacht, clubs in the city proper, and the St. Anthony Commercial club on the East Side. He also belongs to the Sons of the American Revolution, the Knights of Columbus and the State Bar Association. In religious faith he is a Catholic. For some time he was connected with the Minnesota National Guard, and during two years of this period was the first lieutenant of one of the Minneapolis companies. His political allegiance is given to the Republican party, but he has never desired a public office. He did. however, consent to serve for five years on the school board, and while a member of it showed his intelligent interest in the cause of public education by his activity in promoting some of the most desirable and approved improvements in the school system.

Both sides of the house are of English descent, the Chute family having been founded in this country by Lionel Cliutc, who emigrated from his native land to the colony of Massachusetts Bay in 1636. The mother's family was related to Aaron Burr, and several members of it were prominent on the American side in the Revolutionary war. Mr. Chute was married on May 26, 1909, to MiSs Elizabeth McKennan Hawley, a native of Red Wing, this state, and a daughter of Dr. A. B. Hawley of that city. Two children have blessed and brightened the family circle, a daughter named Margaret M. and a son named Frederick H. He and his brother Louis are leaders in promoting the progress of the city on the eastern side of the river, but take a warm interest in all parts of it.

George A. Pillsbury

In every community there are a few men wlio leave some distinct impress. Minneapolis has had many such men in its various stages of development. They have come from all parts of the world, and their activities have been along all lines of educational, moral, industrial, commercial and political progress. Very few have been great factors along all these lines, yet George A. Pillsbury touched them all and left a deep impression on each.

One of the first things to attract the attention of the visitor to Minneapolis is that it is a city of homes, - not only of the citizens of wealth, but equally so of the humblest laborer. Whatever a visitor's views may be as to the wisest manner of lessening the evils of the liquor traffic, he observes that Minneapolis is a well ordered city, and that no drinking places exist outside of a limited zone of the city where there is a continuous police patrol. He sees no saloons in the residential portions of the city, and he feels sure that he can select a home in a part of the city where no saloon can ever come. On further investigation he finds that there is a legally established "patrol limit" confined to a small business portion of the city, beyond which the sale of liquor is not permitted. This is what George A. Pillsbury did while Mayor of Minneapolis. In every other large city of the country into which the traveller goes he finds saloons - scattered anywhere and everywhere according to the whim or means of the brewer or saloon keeper, - but not so in Minneapolis. This is a fact which makes Minneapolis unique among the dozen largest cities of the country. Except in Minneapolis a traveller can find a saloon almost any vv fieri'.

George A. Pillsbury came to Minneapolis in 1878, when he was sixty-two years of age. He had already rounded out in New England a successful business career; and he became a citizen of Minneapolis at a time in life when most successful business men deem themselves entitled to retire. He had worked hard and had accumulated ample means upon which to retire. Most men, under his circumstances, would have retired, but to a man like George A. Pillsbury the removal from New Hampsliire to Minnesota was but the opening of a new chapter, and a new opportunity. And opportunity was what he had sought from his boyhood days.

George A. Pillsbury was born at Sutton, N. H., August 29. 1816. He had only the common school education of a century ago, when the children were taught "to read, write and cipher." With the Yankee instinct, which has never been questioned as to the Pillsbury family, he knew how "to cipher." After Serving as a clerk in liis native town and in Boston, he returned to New Hampshire, became postmaster of Warner, N. H., from 1844 to 1849; was selectman in 1847 and 1849, town treasurer in 1849 and a member of the New Hampshire legislature in IS.'iO and IS.'il. In November, 1851. was appointed purchasing agent and adjuster of the Concord Railroad (which is now an integral part of the Boston & Maine R. R.). This position of purchasing agent and adjuster he held for twentyseven years. How strenuous his duties and responsibilities during that period were, the business man of to-day can readily guess. But he was never a one-idea man. During these twenty-seven years he was active in many lines. Always a Baptist he was strong in religious work. In building constrviction lie was especially sought, not only by the City of Concord, but by the State of New Hampshire, in its public buildings. In lSf,4 he with others established t)ie First National

Bank of Concord and until he came to Minneapolis was its [iresident. He also established a Savings Bank in connection with the National Bank. In 1871 and 1872 he was elected a member of the legislature of New Hampshire, then a member of the city council of Concord, and in 1876 he was elected Mayor of Concord, which position he held until he decided to come to Minneapolis in 1878. What drew him to Minneapolis was the fact that his brother, John S. Pillsbury, and his sons, Charles A. Pillsbury and Fred C. Pillsbury, had already preceded him. John S. Pillsburj' had not only become a factor in the development of Minnesota, but his son, Charles A. Pillsbury, had established the flour milling business of Pillsbury, Crocker & Fisk and C. A. Pillsbury & Co., which are referred to elsewliere in tliis w'ork.

Upon coming to Minneapolis, Mr. Pillsbury was quickly recognized as a man of affairs. He was elected alderman of the Fifth Ward in 1833 and in 1884 was elected Mayor of the city. Upon his accession to the mayoralty he initiated and carried through the "patrol limit" system which confined the sale of intoxicating liquors to a restricted district in the heart of the city where there was (to use his own words) "a continuous police patrol" and the exclusion of the sale of liquor from all other parts of the city. Space does not permit the details of this controversy which are exceedingly interesting, but George A. Pillsbury prevailed and posterity has the benefits of his fight. Hence Minneapolis is to-day the only large city in the United States where no intoxicating liquors are scrfd in residential portions of the city. No one can calculate the moral and financial advantages which this policy has already conferred upon Minneapolis, much less can one compute the moral advantages it gives to the city's future.

Aside from his duties as Mayor, Mr. Pillsbury became deeply interested in the various activities of the city, - and this at a time when constructive work was needed. He was one of the projectors of the Syndicate Block, at a time when large business blocks were needed to transform Minneapolis from a frontier town to a metropolitan city. He superintended the erection of the famous Pillsbury "A" Mill, - then as now, the largest .flour mill of the world: he was President of the Chamber of Commerce, a Trustee of Lakewood Cemetery, a member of the Board of Education, a Trustee of the Hennepin County Savings Bank, and for several years and up to the time of his death on July 17, 1898, was President of the Northwestern National Bank of Minneapolis. During all this time he was interested in educational and religious work. Shortly after coming to Minneapolis he became interested in the academy at Owatonna and shortly afterwards became one of its trustees. This academy had been organized in 1856, and while doing a good work, it was limited in its means and had not flourished to the degree its friends had intended. Mr. Pillsbury at once applied his business tact to the building up of this academy. With his private means, and under his personal supervision, several needed buildings were erected and donated to the academy, and in his will a large beqviest for other improvements and a fund fur tlie jierpetnal maintenance of the institution were provided. In honor of his work the legislature of the state changed the name of the institution to Pillsbury Academy. The liberal endowment of Mr. Pillsbury put the academy on a strong financial basis, and it is now one of the strong educational and moral forces in the nnrt Invest.

built niul donated to tlie city of Concord, N. H., the Margaret Pillsbviry Hospital, erected a Soldier's Monument to the old Soldiers of Sutton, N. H., and did other works of public charity. All of this was in addition to a long line of private charities of which only he and the beneficiary had knowledge. Mr. Pillsbury died at his home, 225 South Tenth Street, which is the present site of The Leamington, on July IT, 1898, survived by hi.s widow, Margaret Sprague Pillsbury, and his son, Charles A. PiUsburv.

Alfred Melvin Breding

Born in Minneapolis and educated in the institutions of the city Alfred Melvin Breding is one of the prominent young attorneys of the city. He is the son of John O. Breding and Marie (Lyng) Breding. His father was a tailor and the family are all natives of Minnesota and have lived here all their lives with the exception of two years which they spent in Philadelphia. Mr. Breding began his education in the graded schools of the city, entered the Central High School and graduated in 1897. He graduated from the law department of the Minnesota State University in 1906 and immediately began an active practice in the city. During the years after his graduation from high school and his entrance in the University he was gaining experience which would be useful to him in his profession by working in an attorney's office and gaining a knowledge of human Mature and of business by acting as solicitor for advertising - incidentally he was earning the money for his law course.

Socially Mr. Breding is democratic and genial. He has numerous social affiliations being a member of the B. P. 0. E., the University Club, and the Masons. He is also a member of the Commercial Law League of America. Miss Lucene A. Burbank became his wife on September 14, 1906, and they have two daughters. They have a beautiful home at Lake Harriett, and have a charming circle of friends.

As often happens. Dr. Arthur Edwin Benjamin followed in the footsteps of his father, Dr. John Benjamin, his mother being Elizabeth (Garner) Benjamin, and both of English birth. John Benjamin became a physician in his native land, and practiced in Boston, from 1847 imtil 1857, when he became a lianker and merchant at Rockford, 111. In 1860 he went to Hutchinson, Minnesota, which was founded by the Hutcliinson family of singers. When the Sioux Indians attacked the settlers in their stockade in Hutchinson, it was he who cared for the sick and wounded, and who was physician to the refugees in the stockade during the fall and winter. His latter years were devoted to his farm and to his profession, dying at the age of eighty. It was near Hutchinson on "Fairy Glen" farm that Arthur E. was born, December II), 1868. He attended the public schools, including tlie high school, graduating in 1887, when he taught for one year. Then entering the University, he was graduated an M. D. in 1892.

finally coming to be widely recogniied(''yis a specialist in surgery and gynecology. He availed himself of the great hospitals and centers of surgical science in the East, and took post-graduate work in the most celebrated American and European Hospitals. He did service for the State University as clinical instructor and assistant for 17 years. He has read numerous papers on surgery before the various medical societies and which have been published. His articles on Stomach and Intestinal Surgery and Gynecology espcciallj' attracting attention and being awarded favorable reception. He has held important olTke in several medical societies, and is accorded high standing in the profession. He has also served on staffs of several of the most important hospitals in Minneapolis.

In 1900 Dr. Benjamin married Miss Blanche Grimshaw, a member of one of the leading families of the city. They liave four children, Edwin Grimshaw, Harold Garner, Maude Elizabeth and Alice Louise. Mrs. Benjamin is an active member of social and literaiy clubs and in the work of Park Avenue Congregational Church. The Doctor belongs to the Interlochen, Lafayette and New Athletic Clubs and the Civic and Commerce Association, and finds further recreation in hunting, and has a pleasant summer home at Minnotonka Beach.

William Morse Berry

William Morse Berry, for twenty-two years superintendent of parks in Minneapolis, and now living in retirement with his son-in-law, Arthur W. Hobert, w-as born at Georgetown, Maine, August 12, 1826. His father was Joseph Berry, a ship builder and lumber manufacturer at Georgetown, Bath and Bowdoinhara, Maine, and was educated at academies in Lewistown and Brunswick. At the age of eighteen he took charge of his father's mill at Bowdoinham, which he operated for ten years. During six years of this period he was president of a bank and for a part of the time was president of the village, being elected as such at the age of twenty-two.

After the financial panic of 1857, which seriously crippled his father's business, he came to Green Bay, Wisconsin, where he built barks for ocean traffic. He became captain of the second one built, and which becoming water-logged in a storm in mid-ocean, was abandoned .and never again sighted. In 1861 he went to Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where during the next eight years he was engaged in the grain trade. In 1869 he became the first superintendent of the South Side park system in Cliicago, over which he had control for fourteen years, laying out Washington and Jackson parks and Drexel, Garfield, Grand and Western boulevards.

Mr. Berry's work in Chicago attracting the attention of Prof. II. W. S. Cleveland, the landscape architect of Minneapolis, he was induced to come to Minneapolis for one year at a salary of $1,500. The park board was so well pleased with his work that it added $1,000 to tlie' salary agreed on for the first year and offered him an annual comjjensation of $3,000 to remain. From then until he retired from active pursuits in 1907, at the age of eighty-one, his whole energy and ability was devoted to the extension and improvement of the park system of the city. His duties required a large executive power, and this he had acquired in his experience as a lumber manufacturer, ship buihler and master. His

In 1847 he married Betsy Ann Godfrey, a native of Saco, Maine, and wlio died in 1906 after nearly sixty years of ideal companionship. Of the seven children born six are living. Bessie is the wife of Arthur W. Hobert. Helen is the wife of E. A. Merriam, of Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he is cemetery superintendent after several years connection with the National Bank of Commerce of Minneapolis. Hattie is the wife of Gorham Norton of Brooklyn, a woolen mill operator. Dora is the wife of J. X. Buchanan, of Chicago. Alphonso G. is at Los Angeles. J. W. lives in Seattle, Washington, and Herbert M., who was a mine operator, was killed by a blast in one of his own mines at about 40 years of age.

Tlie untimely death of the late Frank H. PeaA-ey, of Minneapolis, occurred in Ciiicago, December 30, 1901, when Mr. Peavey was but 51 years of age, and when his enormous business interests Seemed to most require his continued attention and management. His life was not long, but it was a veiy useful one. and it displayed the best and most admirable human qualities. He aimed at nothing less than the highest and best results in every endeavor, and its every shaft of his effort pierced the center of the mark.

Mr. Peavey was born at Eastport, Maine, January 20, 1850, the son of Albert D. and Mary (Drew) Peavey, also natives of New England. The father was a lumber and shipping merchant of fine business capacity and great force of character. The son was reared in his native town to the age of fifteen. Th.'n his father died and he became almost the sole dependence of the mother.

The youth, though but an immature boy, at once entered upon the high and holy duty before him with ardor, and from then to the end of his life he was never idle. He was constantly on the lookout for opportunities for advancement, and as he grew older they came to him in satisfactory numbers and value. The great Northwest attracted him. He located first in Chicago, where he became a bookkeeper in the Northwestern Bank. Two years later, in 1887, he moved to Sioux City, Iowa, and entered the employ of H. D. Booge & Company. By this change of location Mr. Peavey found an open way to success. He made friends on every hand, and steady progress in advancement. Half his earnings were sent back regularly to his mother, to whom his first duty was always paid. In a short time he became a partner in an agricultural implement business, and in 1871 brought his mother and the other members of the family to Sioux City and set up a home. Twice his business property was destroyed by fire, but he continued his work with intensified energy and determination.

In time, Mr. Peavey became interested in the grain trade, tlien in its infancy, in the Northwest, both in volume and method. But thi.s far-seeing man divined its possibilities and confidently embarked in it with all his resources. At Ine age of 23 or in 1S73, he was the owner and manager of an oldstyle "blind horse" elevator, with a capacity of 6,000 bushels, in Sioux City. The next year he secured control of four small elevators on the old Dakota & Southern Railroad, and began to buy grain for the firet elevator built in Duluth, which had just been completed. A little later he brought into his business and under his management the elevators on what was then known as the Siou.x City & St. Paul Railroad (now the "Omaha"), and his operations in grain grew rapidly.

At this point in his history the Minneapolis flour mills were also extending their business rapidly, and in 1875 he began business in the Flour City, becoming connected with the Minneapolis Millers' Association, for which he bought grain as long as it continued to operate. By 1878 he had control of elevators at all points on the Chicago, St. Paul. Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad in South Dakota, and four years later his operations took in the w-hole "Omaha" road southwest of Minneapolis. The same j-ear, the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce having been organized and the grain business here placed on a firm financial basis, he opened his first offices in this city.

Mr. Peavey, however, continued to maintain his mother's home in Sioux City, and to the end of his life he considered it very much his own home, although in 1884 he cstaTilished one for himself and family in Minneapolis. From that time on he took a very prominent part in building up the grain market of this city. In 1884 he extended his operations to all points on the Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad, and thus became one of the leading operators in the most rapidly expanding grain trade in the world. In fact, at the time of his death, through his large system of elevators, he owned and operated the most extensive grain business known in human history.

In 1889, the arms of this great business genius, like those of fabled Briareus, were reaching out far and wide. He built a gi"eat elevator at Portland, Oregon, and added to it some thirty subsidiary houses in the rural districts along the lines of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company in Oregon and Washington. This was the first large terminal elevator on the Pacific Coast. During the next year he built the Union Pacific elevator in Kansas City, extended his operations to the lines of the Union Pacific and leased a terminal elevator at Omaha. In 1893 he took in points on the Northern Pacific. The next year he built the Republic at Minneapolis, and in 1897 acquired the Belt Line elevator at West Superior, Wisconsin. In 1898 the Peavey elevators at South Chicago were built, and in 1899 the Peavey Terminal house at Duluth and the big elevator at Council Bluffs were erected. Within the same year Mr. Peavey's operations were extended to a part of the Great Northern Railway system.

Mr. Peavey was a very careful and exhaustive student of his work and omitted no effort necessary on his part to guard his interests. When he contemplated erecting the Duluth Terminal elevator he sent a special representative to Europe to investigate the concrete storage system in vogue on that continent, and as a result determined to adapt the sj'^tem to the needs of grain handling in this country. An experimental concrete bin was built at one of the elevators in Jfinneapolis, and after being tested several months, was found to be entirely satisfactory. The concrete system was then adopted in the construction of the Duluth Terminal, and it became the first great concrete grain elevator built in this country.

In 1900 the Peavey Steamship Company was organized and four large grain carriers were built to operate on the Great Lakes. This was Mr. Peavey's last new enterprise.

Northwest thirty-six years, but in that period he built up the enormous grain trade herein briefly detailed, established the highest credit for himself and his enterprises, and acquired a large fortune. His operations centered at Minneapolis, touched the Great Lakes at Chicago and Duluth, extended far into the Southwest beyond Kansas City and Omaha, and reached to the Pacific Northwest.

After Mr. Peavey's death the business built up bj' him was continued under the management of his son, George W. Peavey (now deceased), and his sons-in-law, Frank T. Heffelfinger and Frederick B. Wells, who were associated with him before his death.

Although engrossed with his personal affairs Mr. Peavey never neglected the interests of his community. He was interested in the cause of public education and served on the City School Board in 1895, but never held any other public office. In his political relations he was cordially attached to the Republican party; but he was always independent in political thought and action, and was liberal in his views in all things. In religious belief he was a Universalist and he made his faith practical in good work for his own and all other denominations. In the language of the old Latin poet, Terence, "He was a man and nothing that was human was foreign to him." By his radiant example and through the expression of his real feelings he taught men everywhere that fellowship and confidence were a heritage for all alike, and that by working together good would come to all.

September 19, 1872, Mr. Peavey was married to Miss Mary nibble Wright. His substance had been wasted by fire the year before and his business was at a standstill, but this discouraging circumstance did not delay the marriage, nor cause either the husband or wife to doubt the future. To their union, which was always congenial and felicitous, were born three children, their daughters, Mrs. Frank T. Heffelfinger and :Mrs. Frederick B. Wells, and their son, George W. Pcavev.

Lamont J. Bardwell

Vice president and secretary of the Bardwell-Robinson Company, an extensive sash, door and hardwood interior finish manufactory, began this business upon leaving school and, giving it clo.se attention, has mastered its every detail, having a high standing among the city's enterprising manufacturers. He was born in Minneapolis, Sept. 6, 1873, and the son of Charles S. and Annette (Jenks) Bardwell. The father was horn at Goshen, Massachusetts, and was there reared and educated. In early life he located at Excelsior Lake Minnetonka. In 1872 he formed a partnership with L. C. Bisbie, as Bardwell & Bisbie, and started to make sash, doors and hardwood interior finish on the East Side. Their capital was limited but the business soon demanded greater accommodations, and in 1874 a much larger plant was secured. In 1876 S. C. Robinson bought Mr. Bisbie's interest, the firm becoming Bardwell, Robinson & Company, and in 1891, was incorporated as the Bardwell-Robinson company. Mr. Bardwell died in 1892. In 18S5 a new brick factory, covering about ten acres of floor space, was erected at Twenty-fourth avenue and Second street south. This is modern in style, of ample size, conveniently arranged and equipped with every facility. The expansion of the business has kept pace with general growth of the city now emjiloying regularly about 400 men, the most of whom are skilled mechanics. Lamont J. Bardwell passed the grade and high schools, at once joining his father, and in 1894 he was elected vice president and secretary. This company or its predecessors furnished all the finishings for the West Hotel, the New York Life building, the Lumber Exchange, the Masonic Temple, the Chamber of Commerce, the Milwaukee depot, the Andrus building, the Minikahda and Commercial club buildings, and numerous other important structures both in and out of the city. Mr. Bardwell has taken an interest in the advancement and improvement of the city, the increase and expansion of its industries, the proper administration of its civil affairs, the liberal support and wise regulation of its educational forces and the promotion of every good agency. In 1894 Mr. Bardwell married Miss Susan Baxter. They have four children: Adele, Margaret, Annette, and Robert. The parents are members of Plymouth Congregational church, and the family residence is at 3321 Second avenue south.

Gustave A. Bingenheimer

Gustave A. Bingenheimer, President and Treasurer of the Diamond Iron Works, makes no claim to distinction in the way of greatness or heroic action, .but on the contrary, is modest about his achievements, although his business career is one of distinction. At the age of eighteen he was conducting an extensive and profitable business of his own, and now, when he is barely forty-six, he has founded and controlled large business enterprises and directed others, and his rise in the business world has been due to no influential connections or adventitious circumstances, but wholly to his own ability, foresight and grasp of opportunities.

Mr. Bingenheimer is a native of Minneapolis, born March 15, 1867, and the son of Jacob Bingenheimer, who came to this city in 1858, and started one of the first flour mills, his plant being located at Shingle Creek. He was successful and held high rank among the business men of the time. His business expanded and with it he kept pace with industrial and commercial growth, ujitil death ended his labors Augiist 37, 1873.

Gustave A. Bingenheimer olitained his education in the public schools, and after leaving the high school started to work in the drug store of the present mayor, Wallace G. Nye. Soon afterward he entered the employ of E. P. Sweet, a wellknown druggist, soon becoming a member of the firm. The partnership lasted about three years, when Mr. Bingenheimer decided to start a similar business of his own. He opened a drug store at Plymouth avenue and Sixth street north, where he was located ten years. Following this he had drug stores at Fourth avenue and Franklin avenue south, Washington and Plymouth avenues north, Lyndale and Sixth avenues north and Humboldt and Sixth avenues north, and one at Melrose, Minnesota.

In 1905 he became connected with the Diamond Iron Works and was elected vice president and secretary of the company. When H. H. Smith, the president, died in 1910, Mr. Bingenheimer was made president and treasurer. He is also president and treasurer of the Diamond Iron Mining company, operating in the iron range, and vice president of the Bingenheimer Mercantile company at Mandan, North Dakota.

It is not to be supposed, however, that he has been wholly absorbed in his industrial and mercantile operations. He has taken an earnest interest and a serviceable part in local public affairs, giving his helpful support to every undertaking for its advancement or improvement, but never seeking or desiring tlie prominence of oflicial station. He is a member of the Athletic, Rotary, Interlaclien and Automobile clubs.

January 16, 1895, Mr. Bingenheimer was united in marriage with Miss Genevra Smith of Jlinni'apolis. Tlu-y have two children, Philip H. and Marion .1.

Charles W. Bibb

Charles W. Bibb, president of the Minneapolis Cereal company, is a native of the Old Dominion, or rather in that part of the state now called West Virginia, born July 30, 1857. His parents were Rev. Martin Thomas and Sarah M. Bibb, both descended from old Southern families. The father was a native of Lynchburg, Virginia, and a minister of the Baptist church.

Charles W. obtained his early education in Missouri, where his parents went in his boyhood, and began his business career as a bookkeeper in the Union Stockyards in St. Louis. He came to Minneapolis in 1884 and started handling broom corn and manufacturing and jobbing the material for the manufacturing of brooms, beginning operations at 725 Second street north, removing a few years later to 406 Third avenue north, where he continued for 10 years.

About 1905 he sold liis establishment and became president of the Minneapolis Cereal company. The company manufactures Cream of Rye, Toasted Rye Flakes and other farinaceous products which have won a high world-wide reputation. Mr. Bibb is a member of the Civic and Commerce Association and the Municipal Commission. He also has devoted considerable time to literary subjects, he being the author of a number of books. He was married Aug. 13, 1879, to Miss Julia T. Sharp, and they are members of Trinity Baptist church. They have three children: Harry T., Frank L. and Kugene S. Harry is a resident of Gulf Port, Mississippi. Frank is a teacher in the New York University of New York, and Eugene is practicing law, being located at 314 McKnight Building.

William Wallace Eastman

A pioneer in seveml lines of industry in Minneapolis and a promoter of improvements in other localities, the late William Wallace Eastman, who died in this city on the 26th of July, 1906, on the verge of eighty years of age, made his mark deep and enduring in the industrial and commercial life of several places, and is remembered in all of them with high esteem for the exalted worth of his character, his great business capacity, his broad and intelligent public spirit and his unceasing enterprise in developing natural resources and making them serviceable to mankind.

Mr. Eastman was born on February 6, 1827, at Conway, a popular resort for artists and tourists, in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The interesting little city of his birth lies on the upper waters of the Saco river, in sight of Mount Kearsage and Mount Washington, and surrounded by many other peaks of scenic and historic renown, in a region so grandly and picturesquely beautiful that the sojourner in it can almost feel the celestial soul that lights the smile on Nature's lips there. It was in this region that the future founder of much that was great and architect of much that was imposing grew to manhood, obtained his education, learned crafts of useful industry and began his shining business career. Tiavel from the outside world brought him into contact with liighly cultivated minds, and Nature was ever breathing into his being breadth of view and self-reliance, broadening his spirit for great undertakings and building up his physical nature to make him equal to their requirements.

This scion of old English ancestry and families long domesticated in New England was a son of William K. and Rhoda (Messer) Eastman. The father was a merchant, farmer and paper manufacturer. He was prominent in the public affairs of his home county, and served it for a time in the important office of sheriff. The greater part of his life was passed among his native hills, but in his declining years he moved to Minneapolis, where he died at the age of ninety-three.

William W. Eastman worked in his father's paper mill, drove a stage coach and engaged in other occupations during his minority. From his boyhood the West wore a winning smile for him, and soon after attaining his majority lie made a trip to California. But he did not linger long in that land of golden pnimise. In 1854' he came to St. Anthony, where his brother -John and his sister, Mre. D. A. Secombe, were living. About this time John Eastman, Capfain Rollins and R. P. Upton were building a Hour mill on Hennepin Island. William Eastman joined them in the enterprise, and the result of their joint efforts was the erection and operation of the first flour mill in St. Anthony, except the "Old Government Mill," which was put up in the wilderness in 1821 for the use of the troops on the military reservation, which is now Fort Snelling, but was, until 1824, F'ort St. Anthony.

As soon as the St. Anthony mill dam was completed and power was assured Mr. Eastman, in company with Paris Gibson, built a fine stone mill with five run of burrs-, which is still standing and is known as the "Cataract ilill." In this mill was made the second flour' that was shipped east from the Falls of St. Anthony. The same gentlemen soon afterward built a woolen factory, in which they used the first power tunnel put in service in this locality. Here they produced blankets that always won wherever they were put in competition with the best of foreign or domestic make, and also manufactured cloth and flannels. The same premises were later occupied by the North Star Woolen mills, long one of the leading industrial plants in this city.

In 1S60 Mr. Eastman, retuniing to tlie occupation of liis boyhood, put up the first paper mill in this region, and also built the Anchor flour mill with twelve run of burrs in company with Paris Gibson and George H. Eastman, the largest and most imjiosing of its day. but long since dwarfed by the other structures in the flour milling industry that have risen around it. The Pillsbury Flour Mills company now owns and operates it as one of that company's large aggregation of mills, but it still holds its distinction as a pioneer in the business, and if not hoary with age is nevertheless conspicuous in importance and the interest of its history.

Lumbering having become the common occiipation of enterprising men in this locality, so broad, alert and comprehensive a mind as Mr. Eastman's was, could be in no danger of overlooking its importance and the opportunities it offered for large ami |)rolitabk' operations. He embarked in it with ardor, in partnersliip with Chas. A. Bovej', and for many years the firm of Eastman, Bovey & Company was one of the leaders in tiif lumber industry in this part of the country.

A short tinu' afterward Mr. Eastman and several associates with him bought Xicollet Island as a seat for new industries. The purchasers ofl'ered the upper part of the island to the city for a park, asking a moderate price for it, but the offer was not accepted, and the negligence of the city authorities in this matter has been a source of deep regret to the whole people of the municipality ever since. As a means of making his new site as valuable and productive as possible, Mr. Eastman originated a plan for developing and directing the water l)ower available from the river in such a way that the full force of the Falls could be utilized. This was the erection of an apron from bank to bank, and was adopted by the government engineers at Mr. Eastman's suggestion. It has overcome ditheulties encountered in other plans previously tried, and permanently preserved the Falls from disaster and their great power from waste.

After Mr. Eastman and his associates bought the island they opened stone quarries and built many shops, residences and tenement houses on it, Mr. Eastman alone putting up sixtytwo structures, including his own residence, in which so many years of his life were passed, and which is still standing, an impressive monument to his energy, enterprise and foresight. He was also the moving spirit in organizing a company and erecting the famous Syndicate block on Nicollet avenue, and he personally had built the Eastman block on the same thoroughfare.

Biit this promoter of comprehensive and varied powers did not confine his operations to Minneapolis or the construction of mills, dwellings and business blocks. He erected "The Eastman," a famous hotel at Hot Springs, Arkansas, which is one of the prominent resort houses of entertainment in the United States. He was also active in the building of the first section of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and was connected in a leading way with many other enterprises of magnitude, among them the Minneapolis Brewing company, of which he was president at the time of his death and had been for six years prior to that event. Previous to his taking this position he was for a time president of the Dunham & Eastman wholesale grocery company, although Mr. Dunham was the active manager of the business.

Mr. Eastman was married in 1855 to Miss Susan R. Lovejoy, who was born at Conway, New Hampshire, in 18.32, and who died in Jlinneapolis on April 10, 1912. She was one of the most admired and esteemed ladies Minneapolis has ever know'n, richly endowed with all the graces of charming womanhood and all the most ennobling traits of her sex. Her natural gifts and acquired culture ripened with advancing age and made her, in her later years, an inspiration to all who came in contact with her.

The only daughter of the h(msehold to reach maturity was Ida May, who became the wife of A. C. Loring, a prominent business man of Minneapolis. She died young, leaving her brother, Fred \V. Eastman, the only living representative of this generation of tlie familf'. He married Miss .Jeannette Hale, who also died some years ago, leaving an only son, William W. Eastman, who is now a dealer in Stocks and bonds in this city. The present wife of Fred W. Eastman was Mrs. Emma (Spalding) Baker before her marriage to him. They have one child, their son Frederick William. Mr. and Mrs.

Fred W. Eastman occupy the old family home on Nicollet Island. (The founder of the house was active in public affairs as a citizen and promoter of the community's welfare, an ardent and serviceable supporter of all undertakings involving its progress and improvement, earnest in his aid to the leading clubs and other social, educational and moral agencies at work in the city, and in many ways one of its most useful, helpful and representative residents.)

Warren F. Barr

Having served two years in the city council as alderman from the Twelfth ward with great acceptability and advantage to the city, Warren F. Barr was well known to the people of Minneapolis when he sought the nomination for the office of mayor in 1912. He did not secure the nomination, but so highly esteemed were his services in the council, and in such cordial regard was he held as a business man and citizen, that he was fourth in the order of preference of the thirteen candidates who were voted for at the primaries.

Mr. Barr was born on a farm near Clarence, Shelby county, Missouri, on August 19, 1875, and is a scion of old and prominent families in that county. His mother's father was for many years county clerk there, and during the Civil war was forced to enlist in the Confederate army for the effect the influence of his example would have on other men in the locality. His grandson Warren was reared on the parental farm and completed his academic education at the Macon District high school, in his native state, from which he was graduated in 1892. He then studied law at the Northern Indiana University at Valparaiso, Indiana, and afterward taught school ten years in Missouri, Montana and Minnesota, his last service in this useful line being at Forestville, in this state, in 1905 and 1906.

In the year last named Mr. Barr located in Minneapolis, and from then until 1912 was employed as storekeeper for the Minneapolis Steel and Machinery company. Just four years after taking up his residence in this city he was elected alderman from the Twelfth ward, being the first Independent candidate elected in this city in eighteen years. In the city council he has ably championed legislation for progress and the benefit and protection of the working classes. By great effort he succeeded, in a fight lasting three years, in having the new Third avenue bridge constructed of concrete instead of steel, as was at first intended, his purpose being to make the structure add to rather than detract from the beauty of the river. He iilso brought about the purchase by the city of machinery for doing grading in connection with the improvement of streets. Before this purchase was made the city was obliged to pay forty cents a cubic yard to remove earth, but with the machinery now used the cost is only fifteen cents a yard. Four wards are supplied with a 40-horse power engine and grader. The dirt is loaded directly into wagons, each' grader requiring the use of fourteen teams.

Mr. Barr is a Democrat in political faith and an active party worker in all campaigns. He is an effective public speaker, and a gentleman of pleasing address, frank and candid manner. He has hosts of friends, as was shown in his campaign for the mayoralty nomination, which has been alluded to. He was married in 1902. at Great Falls, Montana, to Misa Marie E. Shanahan, of Preston, Minnesota. They have four children, James Warren, Mildred Elizabeth, Ruth Marie and Deloris Belle. Mrs. Barr is a member of the Catholic church, but her husband was reared in the Methodist Episcopal Church South. He belongs to the ilasonic Order, the Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pytliias and the Oi"der of Camels. His principal recreation is fishing.

John T. Baxter

President of the Northwestern National Life Insurance Company, w^as born at Berlin, Wisconsin, October 15, 1862, his' parents being Thomas and Susannah (Lewis) Baxter. After attending the local high school, he entered Ripon College, and, during a three years' course, won scholastic distinction as one of that school's best orators. Matriculating in Williams College, he received his Bachelor of Arts degree with the class of 1887, and being the choice of the student body and faculty, was awarded the Van Vechtem prize as the best extemporaneous speaker.

In 1887 he came to Minneapolis and in furtherance of cherished desires, began reading law, and upon admission to the bar in 1889, at once embarked upon a successful practice.