Minneapolis City (part 46 of 80)

An important addition to the manu¬ facturing industries of Alinneapolis was made in 1864 63" Messrs. Eastman, Gib¬ son & Co., who built the North Star Woolen mill. The firm was composed of W. W. Eastman, Paris Gibson, W. S. Judd, Geo. A. Brackett and John De- Laittre. The building was 50x75 feet, four stories high, and cost $70,000. The firm divided as soon as the mill was com¬ pleted and Messrs. Eastman, Gibson & DeLaittre took the woolen mill for their part of the firm propert3^ They fitted the mill up with the most improved machinery and made an excellent article of cloth and found ready sale for all their product. After running the mill until 1867, Messrs. Eastman & DeLait¬ tre sold out to Alexander T3'ler, and the firm became Gibson & Tyler. Thev in¬ creased the size and capacity of the mill and continued to operate it until 1875, when the mill passed into the hands of the North Star Woolen Mill Co., with the following officers now managing the corporation; Dorilus Morrison, pi'esident; Wm. D. Washburn, vice-president; Levi B. Morrison, secretary, and Wm.G.

William Guile Northup. Woolen blankets are a product for which Alinneapolis has been famed for at least a quarter of a century. From the heav3' folds which wrap the woodsman in his sleeii among the icy forests of the north, and the gay covering which the Indian maiden draws around her tawny shoul¬ ders, to the elegant rug of the railwa3" traveler, and the downy and delicate folds that envelope the cradle of the tender scion of a ro3"al house - blankets in endless variety, and unexcelled in softness and beaut3q have formed the product of the North Star Woolen Mill Compan3q and made its name famous in the competion of textile fairs, and among the safeguai'ds against the winter's cold, throughout the entire country.

To Messrs. Eastman and Gibson be¬ longs the credit of organizing the busi¬ ness, in building and putting into opera¬ tion the woolen mills as earh^ as 1864. The manufacture was perfected and prosecuted by Mr. Paris Gibson, under the firm of Gibson & Tyler, with more advantage to the cit3" to whose credit it added lustre, than of pecuniary advantage to themselves.

After undergoing vicissitudes to which infant manufactiu'ers are often subjected, intensified by the stagnation of general business, the financial condition of the woolen factory suffered serious depres¬ sion, while it in no wa3^ lowered the quality of its product. After beingconducted for a year or two Iw the old Minneapolis Mill Company, at the be¬ ginning of the 3^ear 1879, two youngmen, with but slight acquaintance with the manufacturing processes, Wm. G. Northup and James C. Tuttle, the former a nephew and the latter a son of Rev. Dr. James H. Tuttle, pastor of the

Church of the Redeemer, nndei'took the eondnet of the Imsiness. Mr. Nortlnip being general manager and Mr. Tuttle seeretary and treasurer. With improve¬ ment in the woolen business, and cautious and skillful management, they met with such encouraging success, that in 1881 they organized the present North Star Woolen Mill Compaiu', eomposed of ex-(iov. C. C. Washburn, D. Morrison, W. I). Washburn and the young men before named. Five years later Mr. Tuttle died, leaving the main responsibility' of the management with Mr. Northup, he being elceted treasurer and generalmanager and L. B. Morison seeretaiw. When they took the eontrol, the mill had eight sets of cards, which have been increased to thirteen sets, with eorresponding in¬ crease of output. The company' oyvns a fine stone mill on the southerly side of the eanal at the Falls, operated by yvater poyy'er, yy'ith a salesyvarehouse and business offiee at the eorner of Third ay'enue and Sceond street. The company has a paid tip eajhtal of $400,000. It employs about two hundred and si.xty operatiy^es, and turns out a y'alue of over $000,000 of annual produet. Its blankets are yvidely sold throughout the eountry'. It is eoneeded that the blankets manufaetu red by this mill are the best in the yy'orld. William (I. Northup, the head of this manufacturing concern, yvas born at Salisbury Center, Herkimer eoiuity, Neyy' York, July' 21 , 1851 . He yy'as a son of Daniel A. and Louisa (Guile)Northu]i. His father was a merchant by' occupa¬ tion and a prominent man in northern Neyy' York. His family eame from Conneeticut, yvhere the scweral lines hay'ing a slightly varient orthogra])hy of name, doubtless sprang from a eommon aneestor. Mr. Northup suffered the irre- ])arable loss of his mother yy'hen he yvjis under tyvo years of age. In early' years he divided his time betyy'een school and the eountry store, but at the age of six¬ teen eame to Minneapolis to live yvith his unele, Rey'. James H. Tuttle, yvith yvhom he has been assoeiated in family' life to the ])resent time. For the tyvo or three years after eoming here, he did nothing worthy of note, exeept to take a course of instruetion at one of the soealled " business eolleges." In 1871 he entered the Tribune offiee. At that time Hugh G. Green yy'as editor of the ])aper and Jaeob Stone business manager, exeellent men for a young man to be assoeiated yvith. When Mr. Green left the Tribune, y'oung Northuj) yvent to the hardyvarc store of J. S. Pillsbnry & Co. ylfter a feyv months he accepted an offer to go on the "Times" an ey'ening neyy'spaper, i)redeeessor of 'the present "Journa]." After a fe\y' months this position yy'as resigned to return to the Fillsbury store, to learn the business. Remaining here ymtil 1874, he yvas engaged by Mr. Paris Gibson to take eharge of the office of the North Star Woolen Mill. Upon Messrs. Gibson & Tyler's failure tyy'O y'ears later, Mr. Noi-thuj) yvas jjlaeed in charge of the business by R. B. Langdon, the assignee, yy'ith a vicyv of running out the stoek and closing up the business. The yy'oolen mill and business ])assed to the control of the Minneapolis Alill Com¬ pany, yvhieh at first ])laced Air. Gibson in its management, and operated the business until the close of the year 1878. This yy'as one of the hardest years that the yvoolcn industry- has cy'er experienced. The mill made no money, but ou the contrary had incurred a considerable debt.

It yvas at this jieiiod that the busi¬ ness yvas ])laced in charge of Messrs. Northup and Tuttle, as stated in the beginning of this sketch, yvhosc manage¬ ment yvas so conservative and satis- factory, that aided by an improveinent in general business, the debt was cancelled and a profit balance was shown In' the books. From the organization of the present corporation to the pres¬ ent time, the business has been one of constant development, a satisfactor\^ investment to its owners, and an object of ])ride to the citizens of Minneapolis, ever solicitous for the building up of her manufacturing industries.

Mr. Northup married in 1874 Miss Leila Tucker, daughter of Henry G. Tucker, of Providence, R. I. Thej' have two children, Marjorie, a daughter of ten years of age and W. G. Jr., a boy of si.x.

The regard in which Mr. Northup is held in the community in which he has been brought up, for integrity and financial ability is shown in his selection by the stockholders of the Minneapolis Trust Company, as one of its board of directors. He is a trustee of the Church of the Redeemer, to which, by his con¬ nection and training, he naturally be¬ longed.

In 1865, Charles Kent Clapp & Co., composed of Wm. T. Brown, Daniel W. Coon, Charles K. Cla])p and Henr}' L. Watson, built the Minneapolis Woolen Mill, at the corner of First street and Sixth avenue south. The building was 40x70 feet, four stories high, and cost $4,5,000. After running the mill a few years, the finn was changed to Clapj), Watson & Coon. In 1875, Charles A. Pillsbury & Co. bought the properU'. The machinery was taken out and the mill fitted up to manufacture flour, and became the Empire mill.

Old residents will also remember the carding mill of M. Hilliard, which occu- ])ied the one story frame building in the rear of the North Star Woolen Mill from 1865 to 1868. It was then moved into the basement of Plummer, Moore & Co.'s machine shop on Sixth avenue south, next to and west of the North Star Woolen Mill, and remained in that loeation for many years. Country visi¬ tors to the city took great pleasure in stepping in and looking at the machines in opei'ation, unhindered b\' the kind hearted operator, who was evidently fond of visitors.

In 1859 Messrs. Cutter & Seeombe purchased the sash, door and blind fac¬ tory' operated by Rogers, Stimpson & Kent on the west side of Hennepin Island, and fitted it up for the manufaeture of paper, and named it the Island Paper Mill. Messrs. Cutter & Seeombe were therefore the pioneers in the manufacture of paper at the Falls of St. Anthony. In 1861 H. M. Carpenter became a member of the firm and the style was changed to Cutter, Seeombe & Co. In 1866 J. T. Averill was taken into the firm and in 1869 W. A. Russell also became a partner, and Messrs. Cutter & Seeombe retired from business, and the firm became Averill, Russell & Carjjenter, who continued to operate the mill until 1882, when the building burned leaving the walls standing, and the firm quit the manufacture of paper at Minneapolis. For the last few years the mill was operated, it was used to grind pulp for other mills. The standing walls were afterwards utilized for the City Water Works building, located on Hennepin Island.

In 1866 the Alinneapolis I'aper Alill was erected by L. W. Montgomery. Air. Montgomery was unable to complete the mill and sold it to Wanier, Brewster & Co. The firm eonsisting of R. 1). Warner, E. B. Warner, T. J. Witbeck and li. N. Brown. This firm com¬ pleted the mill and had it ready for operation in January, 1868. and suc¬ cessfully operated it for many years thereafter The mill was located at the foo f Seventh avenue south. It changed ownership several times, all the original partners having retired, and finally became the property of the City Bank of Minneapolis; in 1889 it was pui'chased by B. F. Nelson, T. B. Walker and Gilbert M. Walker, and became the Hennepin Paper Mill; it is now used for the manufacture of printing paper. The company operating it incorporated as The Hennepin Paper Co. They also operate a large mill at Little Falls, Minnesota, and utilize its product to supply their IMinneapolis mill.

Ransom D. Warner, the founder of the first paper mill in Minneapolis and the Northwest, was born at Fayette¬ ville near Syracuse, New York, on March 3d, 1818. He passed his child¬ hood and 3'outh at home and in the emplo3^ of his father, Ebenezer C. Warner, who was engaged in business as a con¬ tractor. The varying fortunes of his parents and the removal of the family to Saratoga county and later to Albany, gave to the 3'oung man a self-i'eliant and enterprising character which made it quite natural that he should be intrusted with the command of a Hudson river trading vessel even before he was twent3'- one.

Upon reaching his majoritv he went to New York city, engaging in business for himself for five years. Returning to Albany in 1844 he went into the manu¬ facture of lime, cement and plaster, in connection with his father and brothers, the firm being E. C. Warner & Sons. In this ventui-e Mr. Warner displayed the business qualities which brought him such marked success in later years. The business prospered from the start. After a few years the firm began to branch out and Mr. Warner moved to West Troy to take charge of works established there.

Later the concern had mills and ware¬ houses in New York city, Rondout, and East Tro3', and enlarged its scope by manufacturing cement pipe under pat¬ ents acquired Iw purehase. Mr. Warner, senior, retired from the firm in 1857, leaving a large part of the management of the business to his son Ransom. Asa residt of 3^ears of untiring work Mr. War¬ ner's health failed, and in the summer of 1866 he disposed of a part of his interest in the company and came west for needed rest and recieation. Arriving in Diduth in Juh", he made a tour of northern Min¬ nesota, hunting and fishing among the lakes, and reached Minneapolis in the fall completely restoi'ed to health. He was pleased with the town and decided to make it his home.

During his active life in the east Air. Warner had seen something of the paper business and he quickW came to the con¬ clusion that Minneapolis was an excel¬ lent point for the manufacture of the com¬ modity. It was no easy task to establish a new industiw at the Falls of St. Anthonv at that early date, but with charac¬ teristic energy Mr. Warner went about the undertaking, erecting a building at the Falls, going east and bu3fing machin¬ ery, and actually putting the mill in op¬ eration during the following summer. Business was commenced under the firm name of Warner, Brewster & Co. Under Mr. Warner's direction the enterprise be¬ came one of the solid manfacturing in¬ terests of the city. It gave constant emplo3unent to about forty hands, besides the many who found occupation in gath¬ ering material for the machines. At the time of starting the paper mill Mr. War¬ ner had the purpose of baildinga woolen mill and with Mr. Brewster purchased a mill-site and a perpetual water power right with this idea in view. Later he gave up the project, and his health hav¬ ing again become poor, he retired from business (in 1879), disposing of his inter¬ ests at the Falls and investing largeh^ in real estate in time to reap the benefits of the rapid increase in values.

Among his ventures in this line was one sufficienth' remarkable to he of par¬ ticular interest. In 1880 he bought a lot at the corner of Nicollet avenue and Ivighth street for $6,400, and in 1892 was offered $85,000 for the property".

Mr. Warner was married in 1840 in New York cit^' to Miss Martha Snyder. Of their eight children but one is living - Mr. John Henr^' Warner, whose son, Ed¬ win K. Warner, is a resident of Minneap¬ olis. Mr. Warner's only other grand¬ child is Mrs. Mattie E. Steweirt, wife of James H. Stewart, of California. Mi's. Warner's death occurred before Mr. War¬ ner came west. In 1874 he was married to Miss Martha Hipwood, who died two years later. In 1880, soon after his re¬ tirement from business, Mr. Warner mar¬ ried Mrs. Margaret B. Milligan, a lad}' who had been much esteemed in Minnea])olis as the principal of Bennet Semin¬ ary. Since their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Warner have resided at Bonita Cottage near Hotel Lafayette, Minnetonka, and have spent the winters in California.

The Nelson Paper Co. operate an ex¬ tensive plant fronting on Main street at the foot of Fourth avenue Northeast. Mr. B. F. Nelson started the establishmentin 1887 having purchased the plant ol Channel & Hay wood. After operating it lor one year, Alr.C. H. Spencer became a ])artner and the firm incorjiorated as the Nelson, Spencer Paper Co., but Mr. Spencer retired in 1890 and the name of the corporation was changed to the Nelson I'ajier Co , with the following officers - B. I'. Nelson, president and treasurer; E. R. Hovenden, vice-presi¬ dent, and W. E. Nelson, secretary. The building occupied by the company as a mill, was one of the old landmarks in St. Anthony, having been occupied by Doran's bank in the 5()'s. It was changed into a paper mill by Jones 8c Brown, and after changing ownership several times at last became the property of the Nelson Paper Company. It is located on Alain street, at the foot of Fourth avenue northeast, on the river bank.

In 1868 Todd & Squires consisting of S. D. Todd and R. B. Squires; started a wooden eave spout and gutter factory, on Alain street between Second and Third avenues southeast. In 1870 Mr. Todd sold out his interest in the busi¬ ness to W. H. Nudd. In 1872 Air. Squires sold to E. K. Smith, and the firm became W. H.Nudd& Co. In 1877 Air. J. H. Knight bought out Air. Smith and the firm name became Nudd & Knight, and they built a frame factory on Alain street between First and Second avenues southeast. Air. Nudd soon purchased Air. Knight's interest and continued the business alone until 1882, when his factory was destroyed by fire. He immediately purchased a site on Central avenue and Third avenue northeast, put up a new factory and Herbert A. Holmes became his pai'tner, under the firm name of Nudd & Holmes. They still continue the business, havingadded also, the jiroduction of excelsior for matresses and packing jiurposes.

In 1869, the Alinnesota Linseed Oil Works were ])ut in operation by O. Scheitlin, I). C. Bell, J. K. and H. (). Sidle; but they did not then incorpor¬ ate. The location of the works was on Tenth avenue south and Washing¬ ton avenue, reaching over to the tracks of the Chiccigo, Alilwaukce N: St. Paul railroad. In 1870 the build¬ ings of the company were destroyed bv fire, but were immediately re¬ built and the conqiany incorjiorated as the Minnesota Linseed Oil Co. In a few years thereafter, Mr. Seheitlin and the Messrs. Sidle retired from the com¬ pany and Mr. W. A. Ramse3^ became in¬ terested. In 1880 W. S. Benton bought a large block of the stock and took an active part in the management of the business. In 1885 D. C. Bell retired and W. S. Benton was elected president and general superintendent, and W. A. Ramsej^ secretary and treasurer, and they continue to manage the business. The compan^^ has a large establishment and secures its flax seed from the southern portions of Minnesota and South Dakota.

In 1871 Day & Rollins started the Minneapolis Fence Works, their business being the manufacture of wooden fence. The}^ commenced operations on Second street and Fifth avenue south. Mr. Day died in 1875, and Air. Rollins continued the business alone until 1878, when he took E. F. Melon^' as a partner under the firm name of Chas. G. Rollins & Co. Within a few months thereafter Air. Rollins sold his interest to J. N. K\'le, and the firm name was changed to Alelony & Kyle. In the spring of 1880 the\^ moved their works to Third street and Fifth avenue south, where they con¬ ducted the business until 1886 when ther^ dissolved and closed out the business.

In 1873 H. F. Lillibridge began the manufacture of crackers on Washington avenue and First avenue south, having purchased the factoiw of J. C. Gardner, who started it in 1870. Mr. Lillibridge soon found his quarters too small, and in 1875 moved to Third sti'eet between Hennepin and Nicollet avenues, and in 1880 he proceeded to erect suitable buildings upon that site, which he had previously purchased- In 1885 S. D. and Geo. S. Works became partners and the firm was changed toH. F. Lillibridge & Co. In 1889 the firm was consoli¬ dated with that of D. F. Bremmer & Co., of Chicago, and the joint concern was called The Lillibridge-Bremmer Co. In August, 1890, the company" sold out to the American Biscuit & Alanufacturing Co., the members of the old companj'- taking stock in the new compan\" and S. D. Works remaining as resident manager.

The North Star Boot& Shoe Co, was organized in 1873 with H. G. Harrison president; C. B. Hefielfinger, business manager and A. AI. Reed, secretar3'' and treasurer. The organization of this company marked the real beginning of the manufacture of boots and shoes in the City of Alinneapolis, and it has done a large and constantl3" increasing busi¬ ness from the commencement. The compan3" began operations in the threestory building located at 228 North Washington avenue. It changed quar¬ ters several times, finalU^ occup3'ing the building on Third street between Hen¬ nepin and First avenue north, which was built for it Iw H. G. Harrison. The building was destro3'ed b3' fire on the 23rd of November, 1891, and the com- I^any moved into commodious quarters at the corner of Third street and Third' avenue north, where the btisiness is con¬ tinued. The present officers are as fol¬ lows - C. B. Heffelfinger, president; Frank F. Heffelfinger, treasurer, and John Luc3q secretaiw.

W3unan, Alullen & Co., consisting of O. C. W3unan and Z. T. Alullen began to manufactui'e clothing as an adjunct to their wholesale di'y goods business in 1875. At first they let out piece work in Alinneapolis, and as the business in¬ creased the3" let contracts in eastern cities for the manufacture of clothing. In 1880 the3" put in machines and began to manufacrure more extensivel3^ In 1882 Air. S. D. Coykendall became a partner and the firm continued under the same name witli inereased eai)ital and faeilities, until 1889, when Air. Z. T. Alnllen retired from the firm and Air. Geo. H. Partridge beeanie a i)artner, and the firm name was ehanged to Wvman, Partridge & Co. Tlieir faetory is loeated in the U])per story of Com¬ mission Row at the corner of Second street and First avenue north. The\' emploA' 300 hands in their manufactur¬ ing department, and run 300 sewing machines. Their ])roduct being distriljutcd all over the northwest.

In 1879, J. L. Willford and W. P. Xorthway formed a partnership under the firm name of Willford & Northwa^', for the purpose of building Aliddling Purifiers, and other machines used in the manufacture of flour under modern methods. AHnneapolis being the natural center for modern milling machines of that class. The^^ conducted the business until 1885, Avhen the firm incorporated as the Willford & Northwa\' Alanufacturing Compan3', with a paid-up capital of $100,000. The first officers of the corporation were, J. L. Willford, presi¬ dent; J. S. Leas, vice-president; W. P. Northway, secretarv and treasurer. The direetoi's were J. L. Willford, J. S. Leas, W. P. Northwaj', H. A. Parnard and B. A. O'Neill.

Winslow PAKti-: Nohthway. The de¬ velopment of the new process of milling ing is one of the most interesting inci¬ dents in the histoiw of Alinneapolis. The accuracy' of construction, the inven¬ tive skill, and the nice adjustment of natural forces with mechanical move¬ ments combined in the intricate machines that are cmplo^'ed in the process, show what perseverance and intelligence have actuated her artisans in bringing the art to its high state of perfection. In this mechanical evolution man\' minds have been engaged and many skilled hands

He is a native of the city' of Syracuse, New York, where he was born November 22d, 1839. His ])arents were Corydon C. and Khoda North way', the former a carpenter and joiner by' trade. He was a son of Josiah Northway', who was a soldier in the war of 1812, born in Con¬ necticut. His father was Ozias North¬ way', who emigrated from England some time before the Revolutionary' war, and was a soldier in the war for Independence. Winslow If, attended the excellent schools of his native city', and grad¬ uated at its high school at the age of eighteen y'cars. He then en¬ tered the office of Frazer & Burns, of that city', as a clerk, with a view espec¬ ially of learning bookkeeping.

In April, 18G1, he left home and came to Wisconsin, where he lived with an uncle through the summer, and in the following October pushed on westward until he I'eached Alinneapolis, where his aunt. Airs. A. K. Hartwell, resided. He found employ'inent here in teaching school in the Pratt district ofthetownship of Richfield, then a farming neigh¬ borhood, now becomingthe mantifacturing suburb of St. Louis Park. The next spring he went to Red Wing, and in the fall rejoined his unclein Oakland, Wfis. There he was appointed Deputy' Assessor of Excise, under the revenue system of the general government. In the spring of 1863 he went to Steiding, III., whei'e he spent three months, when his father requested him to go to Alichigan and investigate the title and situation of some lands which he owned there, but had never seen. At Alonroe, in that state, he met some officers of the Fif¬ teenth Regiment of Alichigan Volunteers, who were recruiting for their arm of the service. Volunteering to serve in this regiment, in January, 1864, he was forwarded to Scottsboro, Ala., and then to Chattanooga, Tenn. Thence he was attached to Sherman's army, then about to commence its march to the sea. In one of a series of battles before Atlanta, at Dallas, Georgia, he received two wounds, one being a painful gun shot in the knee, which sent him to a field hos¬ pital for four weeks, after which he was granted a furlow of thirty days, which was extended to three months. When sufficiently recovered to rejoin his com¬ mand, he went to Nashville, and thence was put on board the top of a train of cars, with a large number of troops, to open the road to Chattanooga. Ob¬ structions were met, so that the train was thi'ee da3"s and two nights in reach¬ ing its destination, during which he was exposed to a continuous rain storm. This brought on a severe attack of neu¬ ralgia, which again consigned him to the hospital. When convalesent,the officers in command learning his adeptness as a bookkeeper promoted him to the charge of the office of the hospi¬ tal, with ten clerks under him. Gen. Sherman having broken up the com¬ munications in his rear, he was un¬ able to rejoin his regiment, and was retained in clerical work at the hospital until his discharge in Jul\% 1865, and theti was employed by contract to re¬ main in the same situation until the fol¬ lowing October. After leaving the South he returned to S\a-acuse, where he spent the winter, and in the spring of 1866, came west again to Red Wing, and thence in October returned to Minneap¬ olis, where he made his permanent home and has remained hei'e ever since.

His first business engagement was in partnership with A. K. Hartwell, in the grocery and feed business. Their store was in the old Merchant's block, on the south side of Washington avenue, near

Minnetonka street (now First avenue south). In 1870, he sold out his interest to his partner, and engaged for a year and a half in contracting and building for which his early training in his father's shop had fitted him.

In 1872, he formed a partnership with Mr. A. R. Guilder, for the manufacture of middlings purifiers, of which his part¬ ner was an invertor and patentee, having been associated in the mills with La- Croix and Smith. He was also the in¬ ventor of a sectional air blast for the separation of middlings into diffei'ent grades. The association continued until 1874.

Mr. Northway then went to work for for John Webster, a millwright, who was engaged in fitting the old Washburn A mill, being employed in office work. In 1876, he joined John Baxter in oper¬ ating a flour mill at Champlin, Minn., continuing in this connection until 1878. He then engaged as bookkeeper for a firm of mill builders in Alinneapolis.

In 1879, Mr. Northwa^- formed a partnership with Mr. Joseph L. Willford for mill building and the manufacture of the wood furnishings for flour mills, a relation which still continues, and which has grown from small beginnings to a business ofconsiderable magnitude. Their shop was at Second street and Fifth avenue south. In 1885 the business was incorporated as the Willford & Noi'thway Manufacturing Company, with a capital of $130,000. They manufacture roller mills, reels, centrifugal and round reel flour dressers, middlings purifiers, bran dusters, scalpers and gi'aders, be¬ sides shafting, pulleys, gearing and other mill furnishings. All machines manu¬ factured by them wei'e designed b^^ Mr. Willford or himself The centrifu¬ gal reel, the invention of Mr. Northwa}^ is a very successful machine. About one hundred men are employed in the factory, and from ten to seventy-five on the outside, according to the number of jobs on hand. At the present time the\' have five mill jobs on hand, scattered from Texas to Wisconsin. The annual out])ut of the business is about $250, 000.

Mr. Northway was married Novem¬ ber 10, 1868, to Miss Mary J. Woodworth, daughter of John L. Woodworth, of Scoharie eounty. New York. They have three sons, Robert S., born Oct. 12, 1871, Lero3" W., born Ma^^ 4, 1876 and Winslow P. born Se[)tember 5, 1885. Their onh' daughter, Edith W., died at the age of thirteen. Mr. and Mrs. Northway have a ])leasant home at No. 19 West Fifteenth street, facing the beautiful Loring Park.

On Januaiw 1st, 1892, thev increased their capital to $130,000, and decided to move their factoiw to Jordan, Minn., but their general office and repair shops will remain in Minneapolis.

In addition to the manufacture of mill machinery, the3' contract for the erection of flour mills, furnishing all material and machiner3' for the same, and make necessaiw plans and furnish the mill complete, ready for operation. Their trade extends east to the Atlantic states, and west to the Pacific coast.

In 1882 the Island Power Compan3''s building was erected on the south end of Nicollet Island by W. W. Eastman and his associates in the ownership of that part of the island, the design of the builders being to rent room and lease l)ower to small manufacturers. The project has been a success from the start and the building soon became a veritable hive of industry, being filled with sash and door, furniture, box, feed and other manufacturers, which makes that end of the island a bus3' place and iri some measure justifies cuttingthe timber from

Otis Arkwright Pray. Otis Pray, the father of O. A. Pra3', was a mill¬ wright and farmer, living in the town of Livermore, Oxford Count3g Maine, to which ])lace he had removed from Wor¬ cester Count3g Mass. With a seeming prescience of the undeveloped cajiacities of his son he had given him the name of the inventor of one of the most valuable labor-saving machines of modern times. O. A. Pray was born February 28, 1833. His parents, like most persons in the communit3' of that da3', were in moderate circumstances, but the3' gave their son the best advantages the3" could afford, which were good for those times. He was earh' taught the use of his father's tools. At the age of eighteen he began under Daniel Beed3', a course of thorough instruction in the millwright business, at Lewiston, Alaine, a lumbering town on the Androsggin river. After a term of three years his employer took him into partnershi]), and for the next two years he was engaged in various ])laees in Maine in building mills, chiefl3" for manufacturing flour. In 1857 he came to Minneapolis. His first work in Minnesota was in the comjfietion of a parth^ built saw mill at Kingston, AIeekercount3'. He was then emplo3'ed on the imjn'ovements at the Palls in which the Minnea])olis Mill Companv was engaged. During the 3-ear 1858, Mr. Pra3' went back to his native state and mar¬ ried Miss Frances Fenderson.

Returning to Minneapolis he at once engaged in a certain class of work which occupied the greater part of his attention and energies during the re¬ mainder of his life, that of building flour mills, especially in fitting up the machinerv for their operation. In this line his engagements were numerous, and some- times of great magnitude. Commencing with the milling machinery then in use, his skill was employed in the develop¬ ment of the mechanical improvements in milling processes, step by step, until the modern roller mill came from his hand, a perfected and almost automatic machine for the manufacture of flour. His first engagement in the line of flour mill con¬ struction was in building the Cataract mill, (the first flour mill built in Min¬ neapolis, except the old Government mill,) for Eastman & Gibson in the spring and summer of 1859. It was a stone mill on the canal of the mill company at the corner of Cataract street, and was fitted with four sets of buhrs, and had a capacity of grinding one hundred and fifty barrels of flour per day. The mill has since been enlarged and furnished several times with new machinery to keep pace with the rapid improvements in proeesses, and is still running with a daily capacity of eight hundred barrels.

About the time of the completion of this work Mr. Pray formed a partnership) with the late Leander Gorton, then liv¬ ing at St. Cloud, for the building and op¬ eration of a flour mill at that place, to which he removed, and where he contin¬ ued to reside for the next two years, when he sold out his interest to his partner.

About the time of its close Mr. Pray returned to Minneapolis and was associated with Mr. John Webster, under the style of Webster & Pray, in the business of mill-furnishing, and soon took numerous contracts to build flour mills. They built the Washburn "B" mill, the pioneer in introducing the various improvements constituting the new process. This was in 1866. The mill had eleven run of stones, and a daily capacity of about four hundred barrels, but it was constructed upon the old sys¬ tem . Here middling's purifiers were first introduced, as well as rolls, although both were already in use in a crude form in the mills at Buda Pest, and the capacity of the mill was increased to eight hundred barrels. .In these improvements the enterprising firm of millwrights kept pace with developments, and adopted them in their work as soon as the\^ had proved effective. Theintroduction of the newprocess of milling greatly stimulated the business of mill building throughout the country, and in a short time the firm had about twenty different contracts in progress, employing a force of three hundred millwrights.

In 1876 the firm of O. A. Pray & Co. built an extensive plant of machine works on First street near the Falls, where the now immense business of mill furnishing was cai'ried on, as well as other branches of iron work. The busi¬ ness was afterwards incorporated and operated with success for several years, when it was forced to suspend by the stringeney of the times and the decline in activity of this line of business.

Subsequently Mr. Pray, in connection with his son, A. F. Pray, erected the plant of the Minneapolis Foundry Co. at Woodland, a suburb of Minneapolis, on the line of the "Soo" railroad, where the iron business was carried on.

Mr. Pray was one of the most enthus¬ iastic and efficient promoters of the Min¬ neapolis Industrial Exposition, serving on its Board of Directors, and giv¬ ing to the planning and erection of its fine building much thought and labor.

From this rapid sketch it will be seen that Mr. Pray was the pioneer mill builder and furnisher at Minneapolis, and that his enterprise has entered largely into the growth of manufactures in the city.

Mr. Pray ^Yas for a time vice-presi¬ dent of the National Bank of Commerce. He was a member of the Cit\^ Council in 1871, 72 and 73. He was an active eo-adjator of Dr. Tuttle in the work of his large and influential church, and for a long time a trustee ot the so¬ ciety. He rendered by his constant in¬ terest and skillful ovei'sight inestimable aid in the building of the two fine church edifices - the one before and the larger one after the fii'e on the corner of Eighth street and Second avenue south. The Church of the Redeemer met with an irreparable loss in his death.

Air. and Airs. Pra}- have occupied a leading position in the social life of the cit3^ Their only surviving child is Al¬ bert I'. Pray, one of the active 3^oung businessmen of the city. Air. Praj' physic¬ ally , was large and robust. He was kind¬ le^ in his intercourse, his face lighting up with a most genial smile in conversa¬ tion. His death occurred on the 18th of Alarch, 1890, he having been for thirt^'-three j'ears one of the most active and useful of the citizens of Alinneapolis.

In 1882 also the Northwestern Casket Co. was organized by Geo.S. Spaulding, AI. R. Ellis, Geo. W. Bailey and I. W. Crane. Geo. S. Spaulding was elected president and Al. R. Ellis seci'etar\^ and treasurer. The companv' began opera¬ tions in Southeast A'linneapolis, but as its business outgrew its quarters, a large brick factory was built in Northeast Alinneapolis where the business is con¬ tinued on an extensive scale. The Board of Directors now holding office is as follows - E. AI. Johnson, AI. C. Williams, F. J. Litz, Wm. Litz and W. C. Johnson. E. AI. Johnson is president; AI. C. Williams, vice-president and W. C. Johnson, secretaiw and treasurer.

])ower, date back but a few \'ears. I'or a man to have made the statement 25 years ago, that electricitj" was the com- . ing light for the stores, dwellings and streets of our large cities, as well as the best power for small manufacturing plants, would have challenged the faith of the most credulous, but stich is the fact nevertheless, and to-da\' in all the large cities, the greater portion of power used for manufacture in store buildings and small rooms, where less than 25 horse-power are reejuired, the electric motor can be found; quietU', noiselessly-, without fuel, fireman or engineer, doing its work in such a thorough and busi¬ ness-like manner, that the most ])rejudiced observer is won over and becomes its earnest advocate. This is all true of Alinneapolis as of other cities. The first company to occupy the electric field in Alinneapolis, was the Alinnesota Brush Electric Company-, which was incorpor¬ ated January- 14th, 1881, with a paid-up capital stock of $200,000. The first board of directors consisted of the fol¬ lowing well known citizens: Geo. A. Pillsbury-, Atithony- Kelly-, Joel B. Bas¬ sett, T. S. King and Loren Fletcher. They immediately- organized by electing the following officers - Geo. A. Pillsbury% president; Joel B. Bassett, treasurer and T. S. King, seeretary-. Several changes have since occurred in the board of directors as well as among the officers. A. AI. Reed was elected president in 1882, 1883 and 1884. In 1885 Anthony- Kelly- was elected president, and he served until 1888 when W. A. Barnes was elected president and served until Januaiw 1st, 1892. T. S. King served as secretary and business manager un¬ til 1888. In thatyear J. W. Griffin was elected secretary- and he served until January 1st, 1892. The directors and officers for 1892 are as follows: Direct¬ ors A. B. Barton, E. S. Corser, Anthony-

Kelley, J. W. Griffin and C. H. Prior. Officers, B. S. Corser, president; C. H. Prior, vice-president; A. M. Robertson, seeretaiy and A. B. Barton, treasurer. On January 1st, 1883, the capital stock was increased to $500,000 and since that time an increase of $100,000 has been made, making the present capital stock of the company $600,000. The plant is located at the foot of Third aveinte north on the river bank, and consists of 2,000 horse-power, in boiler capacit}', and 2,000 horse-power in Rey¬ nolds - Corliss engine capacit3^ The companr^ uses crude petroleum tor fuel. The electrical plant consists of 22 arc light d^mamos and 5 incandescent light¬ ing d3mamos and two power generators for the operation of stationary motors.

But thei'e was soon to be a competi¬ tor in the electric field, and seven years later, or in 1888, the Edison Light & Power Co. was organized with a paid-up capital of $250,000. The incorporators of the company were as follows: T. B. Walker, S. G. Cook, C. H. Chadbourn, H. C. Akeley, C. H. Maxey,W.W. Hunt¬ ington, all of Minneapolis and O. K. Boland of New York. These gentlemen were elected the first board of directors of the company and have since retained that office. H. C. Akeley' is president of the compain^; C. H. Chadbourn, vicejiresident; S. G. Cook, treasurer and C. H. Maxej^; secretaiw. After some delay in obtaining a franchise from the city for laying their underground wires, they at last secured it, and commenced at once the construction of a large central sta¬ tion, situated in the rear of the Lumber Exchange building, atthecorner of Hen¬ nepin avenue and Fifth street. In the following j^ear the company opened its station for business. The building oc¬ cupied by the company is of the most substantial character, being 60x100 feet, 12 stories in heighth and built of brick. The dynamo floor is laid with corrugated iron arches filled in with pieces of broken stone and Portland cement, and covered with one inch of asphalt. There are ten floors of the building available for renting, aside from the part recpiired for the use of the company. The building is especially adapted to printei's and other small manufactui'ers or users of small power. The station equipment is of the latest patterns and inventions of electrical equipment. The boiler capacity at pres¬ ent is 1,500 horse-power, furnishing steam to six large high speed engines, driving ten of the largest standard Edison d3mamos. This company dis¬ tributes its electricity solely b3' means of undei'ground wires, usingno poles what¬ ever in any part of the city. It has at present about ten miles of underground conductors, furnishing light and power in the business district of Minneai)olis.

In 1882, Bishop, Dodson & Fisher commenced the manufacture of saddleiw hardware on Hennepin avenue between Third and Fourth streets. Mr. Bishop soon retired from the business, selling out to his partners, and the firm became Dodson & Fisher. In 1885 F. A. Fisher & Co. erected a brick building at Nos. 15, 17 and 19 Third street north, and Dodson & Fisher occupied the upper stories for their saddleiw manufacturing business. In 1887, Mr. Wm. H. Brockmann was admitted as junior partner and the firm became Dodson, Fisher & Brockmann. The firm emplo3'S about one hundred men in the manufacture of harness, horse collars, etc., and disposes of its product all over the Northwestern States. Messrs. Dodson, Fisher and Brockmann are doing a large and in¬ creasing business, having been obliged to enlarge their establishment several times since they moved to their new quarters on Third street.

In 1884-, Alfred W. Paris and Ste])hen J. Alurton formed a partnership under the st\'le of Paris & AInrton, and com¬ menced to manufacture caruh' in a small store on Washington avenue between First and Second avenues north. Their business increased to such an extent that they were soon compelled to move to larger quarters. In 1888 they moved their business to the large building now occupied l)y them, being Nos. 28 to 29, inclusive, north Second street. The hrm then incorporated as the Paris- Alurton Co. They greatly increased their facilities for the manufacture of cand\" and also added a department for the manufacture and sale of fire works. The present officers of the company are Alfred W. Paris; president; Joseph H. Paris, vice-president and manager, and Stephen J. Alurton, secretaiy and treas¬ urer.

In 1884-, also, Roberts Bros., estab¬ lished the A/Iinneapolis Wire Works Com- ])any, located on Nicollet Island, in the building owned by W. W. Eastman and his associates, and rented for manufac¬ turing purposes. The wire works com- ])an3' was incorporated with a capital stock of $50,000. Its specialties are elevator inclosures, bank and office work, in steel, brass or nickel wire, web fencing, ornamental lawn fences, etc. They have a very comi^lete estab¬ lishment in their line, selling their pro¬ ducts in nearly all the states West of the Alississippi river. They have branch offices in Omaha and Kansas City. The officers of the compan^^ are H. Al. Rob¬ erts, jn-esident; L. W. Roberts, vice-pres¬ ident; C. H. Roberts, secretary and treasurer and Frederick Shilling, sui)erintendent.

Alessrs. Young & Brown commenced the manufacture of leaded stained glass, and beveled plate, in the month of No¬ vember, 1885. Their location was on

I'irst avenue north near Third street. At the end of six months Air. Young retired. Air. Wm. I'. Haywood purchas¬ ing his interest, the firm name being changed to Brown & Haywood. This was the beginning of the manufacture of leaded stained glass in Alinneapolis. Their business soon outgrew their quarters, and they moved to the large brick building now occupied by them, being Nos. 124, 12G and 128 north Third street, and added to their business the manufacture of cr3'stfdline glass, the imocess of manufacturing cr\'stalline glass being new to this country, and but few men having the necessarx" infor¬ mation to successfidly produce it. The motive power used b\' the com])anv for its manufacturing plant is supplied b_v a 15 horse-power electric motor, which ver^' successfully operates all the machineiw. As the business of the hrm constanth' increased the members con¬ cluded to incorporate. In Juhq 1891, the compati}' was incorporated under the name of Brown & Hax'wood, the in¬ corporators being Chas. W. Brown, W. I'. Hav'wood, E. A. Alerrill, E. J. Phelps, and H. L. Graves, with the following officers, W. F. Hax'wood, president; IT A. Alerrill, vice-president; Chas. W. Brown, treasurer and general manager, and H. L. Graves, secretary. The com¬ pany is doing a large manufacturing business in its specialties and is also doing a jobbing business in window glass.

died and his bi'other, F. D. Ford, pur¬ chased his interest in the business. In 1886 W. E. Steele sold his interest in the business to F. W. Forman and the firm name was again changed to Forman, Ford & Co., who continued the business until Januar}'- 1, 1892, when F. D. Ford sold out to his partners, F. W. and F. B. Forman, who continue the business un¬ der the old name of Forman, Ford & Co. This firm manufactui'es mirror plate, in addition to its other specialties, and is doing a large and increasing business, in its line of manufacture, and also does a large jobbing business in window glass.

The Northwestern Knitting Company was established in 1888 and commenced the manufacture of underwear under the Munsing patents. In 1890 the business had developed to such an extent that the capital was increased to $100,000 and a $30,000 building was erected. During 1891 the improved and increased facilities were hardly adequate for the business offered. The present directors are as follows; C. A. Pillsbury, Clinton Morrison, Thomas Lowry, C. Wright Davison, A. C. Paul, C. D. Munsing and C. S. Gold, with the following officers: A. C. Paul, president; Geo. C. Munsing, vice-president and general manager; C. S. Gold, treasurer and C. J. Couper, secretary.

In May, 1890, an important addition was made to the manufactures of Min¬ neapolis by the organization of the Centui'y Piano Co., with the following in¬ corporators: Chas. R. Chute, J. S.

Pillsbury, C. L. Travis, W. S. King, Thos. Lowry, O. C. Merriman, M. A. Paulson, A. M. Shuey, Chas. A. Stickle and Robt. T. Lang. The company or¬ ganized with M. A. Paulson, president and general manager; H. P. Mehlin, vice-president; Paul G. Mehlin, general superintendent; A. M. Shuey, secretary.

and C. A. Stickle, treasurer. They built a large five story brick building at the corner of Main and Bank streets, south¬ east, and proceeded to manufacture the Mehlin Grand Piano. This was the fii'st concern to manufacture pianos in Min¬ neapolis and it has met with well de¬ served success fron the beginning. The company has found ready sale for all it could make, up to the present time, with a constantly increasing trade. It is said that the dry climate of Minnesota is peculiarly adapted to the manufacture of pianos, as the lumber goes into the instrument thoroughly seasoned, and does not absorb moisture as it does in a more humid climate. The company em¬ ployes about three hundred men when running at full capacity, and has a good future before it.

On July 11th, 1890, the Northern Car Co. was organized under the laws of the state of Iowa. J. M. Moen, C. P. Jones and C. E. M able being the incorpora¬ tors and first board of directors. C. P. Jones was elected president; J. M. Moen, vice-president; and C. E. Alabie, secretary and treasurer. The company after operating one year was re-organ¬ ized on October 31st, 1891 under the laws of Minnesota, the incorporators being C. P. Jones, D. M. Gilmore, W. E. Steele and S. S. Thorpe, and the stock¬ holders elected the following board of directors: C. P. Jones, D. M. Gilmore, S. S. Thorpe, A. B. Robbins, J. M. Bart¬ lett, N. F. Griswold, F. W. Forman and J. D. Blake. C. P. Jones was elected president; W. E. Steele, vice-president; p. M. Gilmore, treasurer and general manager, and G. P. Stearns, secretary. The company own and operate extensive works north of the city limits on the line of the Great Northern Railroad. As its name indicates, the principle business of the company is building cars, and street cars are its specialty. Although the company has been in operation but a few months, the outlook is promising, the natural location of Minneapolis be¬ ing favorable to a business of that nature.

On November 1st, 1890, the Frisk- Turner Co. was incorporated by M. Frisk, E. H. Turner, F. E. Tallant, W. S. Nott and William Donaldson, who with C. L. Travis became the first board of directors. M. Frisk was elected presi¬ dent; F. E. Tallant, vice-president and E. H. Turner, secretaiw and treasurer. The business of the company was to manufacture clothing. A new and com¬ modious building was erected on First avenue north between Third and Fourth streets and the company commenced operations. Messrs. Frisk & Turner had been conducting a similar business in St. Paul, and that formed a nucleus around which to gather a large trade. The company wms successful beyond ex¬ pectations and has enjoyed a constantly increasing business, and alread3" contemjilates an enlargement of its estab¬ lishment. Three hundred hands are emplo^'ed and prospects indicate a continual growth of the business.

The Cunningham Egg Macaroni Co. was incorporated in 1890 with the following gentlemen composing the directorate. Frank B. Cole, Francis B. Thurber, R. N. Cunningham, John C. Burton and S. Blair McBeath. With a capital of $100,000 and a complete equipment in the way of buildings and machiner\q the company' made rapid progress and has already taken a lead¬ ing position among the manufacturing concerns of the northwest. The follow¬ ing named persons are the officers of the company': F. B. Dole, president; Francis B. Thurber, treasurer; S. Blair McBeath, secretary.

B. Walker authorized the secretary of the Board of Trade to experiment with flax straw raised in Minnesota and if possible And out whether the fibre was of sufficient strength to warrant its manufacture into linen. The secretary thereupon secured fair samples of flax straw and forwarded them to Belfast, Ireland, and in a short time had samples of tow in return. The I'esult of the ex¬ periment was all that its most sangtiine advocates anticipated, and as a direct result of these tests of Minnesota flax fibre, the Board of Trade and Business Men's Union took up the matter and fully investigated the feasibility of manufacturing the flax straw into linen. As a result, a company was formed in October, 1890, with a capital of $75,- 000. The following persons from among the stockholders were elected asdii'ectors of the company: C. A. Pillsbury, 8. C. Gale, Wm. Donaldson, P. D. McMillan,

C. E. Travis, V.W. Bayless, C. R. Chute, Geo. A. Brackett and E. M. Johnson. Officers were elected as follows: C. A. Pillsbury, president; Wm. Donaldson, vice-president; C. R. Chute, secretary; V. W. Bayless, treasurer and general manager. Machinery was ordered from Europe. A large brick building was erected on a site located between Tyler and Polk streets, on Fifteenth avenue northeast, and the company iDroceeded to manufacture linen. The product of the mill found ready sale from the com¬ mencement, and the company has bright prospects ahead. The work of training a crew to the unaccustomed work caused considerable delay, but that has now been overcome, and the mill is paying a profit. During the year of 1890 Minnesota raised more flax than Ireland, although Ireland leads the world in the maimfacture of linen fabrics. The outlook for the manufacture of linen in Alinneapolis is very promising and every indication points to the growth of that line of manufacture until it ranks with flour and lumber as one of the great in¬ dustries of our city.

It has long been the opinion of lead¬ ing business men of Minneapolis that works for the reduction of gold and silver bearing cpiartz should be estab¬ lished in this cit}'. Several attempts to organize a compaiu" for that ])urpose have been made in years past, but none were successful until the year of 1891 , when the Minneapolis & St. Louis Re¬ duction Works were organized under the laws of the State of-Illinois. The eompaiu' was chartered on the lOth daj" of November, 1891, and purchased land in West Minneapolis, on the line of the Minneapolis & St. Ivouis Railroad. The incorporators of the company were as follows: L. Candee of Minneai)olis, and L. H. Rumsc}', A. B. Sillman, and Fred Lebens of St. Louis. The capital stock fully ])aid in amounted to $150,000. The officers elected to manage the com¬ pany are as follows: L. H. Rumsey, ])resident; Wm. Lucus, vice-president and treasurer; L. Candee, superintendent, and J. T. Hemphill, secretary. As an evidence that the officers will push the business they are already ])utting in side tracks and will commence at once to erect suitable buildings, and will put in machinery for the crushing and smelting of ores. The comjiany expect to com¬ mence operations by June 1st, 1892. The immense amount of silver and gold bearing cpiarts, naturally tributary to Minneapolis by rail, should make this corporation one of the most prosperous manufacturing concerns recently located at Minneapolis.

in a wooden building on the site of Orth's present brewery, 1215 Alarshall street northeast. Glueks breweiw was started in 1857 on Marshall street near Twenty-second avenue northeast. The oi'iginal firm was Rank & Gluek, but Mr. Rank sold out to his partner in 1863, who continued the business until he died, October 16th, 1880, when his sons, Louis and Charles took charge of the business.

Kranzlein & Mueller built the Minne¬ apolis brewery in 1860 on the West side near the Washington avenue bridge. In 1873 the firm was changed to Mueller <S: Heinrich, and continues operations under the same name at the pre.sent time.

The three years following the close of the war of Rebellion, from 1865 to 1868, gave a great impetus to the manufac¬ turers of Minneapolis and St. Anthony. The building of the Minnesota Central and Minnesota Valle}' railroads opened up a vast territory in which to market the lumber and other products of our mills and factories, and also made Minneai)olis the natural market for large quantities of wheat, which had hereto¬ fore been shipjjed to Chicago and Alilwaukee. The people at the Falls were proud of their city, and the newspai)crs vied with each other in publishing good things about the present prosperity, and glowing prospects of the new manufac¬ turing centre.

A few selections mainly from thcheadlines of the daily paper of that time will show how enthusiastically they spoke of Alinneapolis as a manufactur¬ ing city.

On October 18th, 1865, the Minnea])- olis and St. Anthony State Atlas pid)- lished with editorial comments the fol¬ lowing extract from a letter written by Hon. Horace Greely, while he was visit¬ ing Minneapolis, to his ])aper, the New York Tribune:

"Minneapolis has advantages enough in her en¬ ormous 5'et most facile water power, which ma\' be made to give emplo3mient to a population of 100,000 souls. It has no superior but Niagara and surpasses that inasmuch as the fjineries above and the wheat lands all around are calculated to supply it with profitable employment. Nowhere on earth are the beneficient influences of protective tariff destined to be more signalh', more promptly realized, than throughout the great west, and this cit\' in consequence ought to Cjuadruple its popula¬ tion within the next ten years."

Iron Avorks, Foundries, Machine Shops, Car

"The business season of 1866, of the communi¬ ties of Minneapolis and St. Anthonjq is about to open with great earnestness, and with all the ele¬ ments of wonderful prosperitv'. An enormous amount of floating capitnl will find a safe and ])rofitable investment around thePalls of St. Anth¬ ony. With this short pi-eface, we proceed to give a few details of the more prominent operations in manutactures and industrial complications, which, in the futiu-e, will make the great water power here, and its surrounding commnnities, the centre of Northwestern enterprise."

Minneapolis And St. Anthony Factories, Details

Immediately after its organization in November, 1867, the Union Board of Trade of Minneapolis and St. Anthony formulated a complete and interesting report of the growth of manufactures in the two cities at the Falls for the year of 1866. The following recapitulation of the report will give a good idea of their combined manufactures at that date. This report was written up b3^Hon. Geo. A. Brackett, at the time, but was never published:

Recapitulation, 1886

It can be seen from this report of the Board of Trade that the lumber product of Minneapolis and St. Anthony exceed¬ ed the flour product in value by nearly $200,000, but after that date the flour firoduct increased more rapidly than lumber, until flour took the lead, and has maintained it ever since.

It is perhaps proper to give a brief sketch at this point, of those organiza¬ tions in the City of Minneapolis, having mainly for their object the location of manufactures in this city, and their en¬ couragement and upbuilding after they are located. The oldest and best known organization of this kind, is the Min¬ neapolis Board of Trade; an organiza- tion which has always been managed Iw our leading citizens, and which has been prominent in all the plans and op¬ erations iDut forth for the growth of the city. While the Board of Trade has taken part in all matters of importance under discussion by the citizens of Min¬ neapolis, having for their object the welfare of the city, yet it has given its particular attention to manufactures. Much of the wonderful growth ot manu¬ factures in Minneapolis is due to the efforts put forth by the Board of Trade; and although other organizations have grown up in later years, and have as¬ sumed part of the burden and responsi¬ bility formerly devolving upon the Board of Ti'ade, yet that organization is still active and aggressive, and its in¬ fluence is felt throughout the city. The fii'st Board of Tradeof Minneapolis was organized in 1855, and Richard Cluite was elected president. In 1856 D. Mor¬ rison became president and in 1857 Capt. John C. Reno, each serving for a term of one year. The directors were J. S. Pillsbury, D. Morrison, W. D. Babbitt, Samuel Hidden and Edward Hedderl3'. The financial crisis developing in 1857 seemed to be a death blow to the Board of Trade, and the organization was al¬ lowed to go to pieces, and there was no Board of Trade from that time until 1867, when on October 28th of that }'ear a meeting was called of which D. Morrison was made chairman and James Murison secretary. A committee was apjiointed consisting of Richard Pidce, C. M. Loring, Paris Gibson, E. H. Davis and J. H. Thompson, whose duty it was to secure members to form a new Board ot Trade. Thiscommittee was eminently successful, and on November 14-th, 1867, the new Board of Trade was organized 1)3^ the election of twentv-six directors, who selected from their own members the following officers: C. E. Flandreau, president; Paris Gibson, fii'st vice-presi¬ dent; S. C. Gale, second vice-jiresident; Thos. Hale Williams, secretar3', and J. K. Sidle, treasurer. The Board immed¬ iately commenced its good work, and on Januar3' 5th, 1868, it was incorporated under the name of The Union Board of Trade of Minneapolis and St. Anthon3', and this name was continued until the consolidation of the two cities. Judge C. E. Flandreau wtis re-elected president in the 3'ear of 1869, and again re-elected for the 3'ear of 1870. When the great washout under the Falls of St. Anthon3' occurred, caused b3" the Eastman tunnel under Hennepin Island, and the citizens of Minneapolis and St. Anthon3^ were greatU' depressed and disheartened, the Board of Trade was active and energetic in the use of all means to encourage them, and to induce government aid in the repair of the Falls, as well as to secure subscriptions from our own citizens to that end. The work accom¬ plished Iw the Board at that period in the history of Minneapolis, has alone justified its existence and all the expense it has been to our citizens. W. D. Wash¬ burn was elected president for the years of 1871, 72 and 73. S. C. Gale for 1874 and 75, C. M. Loring for 1876, W. I). Washburn for 1877 and 78, Richard Chute for 1879 and 80, John S. Pillsbury for 1881 and 82, F. W. Brooks for 1883, E. J. Phelps for 1884 and 85, Judge Isaac Atwater for 1886 and 87, James T. W3'man for 1888 and 89, B. I'. Nelson for 1890 and 91, and Capt. John C. Reno for 1892. It will be noted that Capt. Reno served as president of the old Board of Trade for the 3'earof 1857; and thirt3--five 3'ears after, is again elected president of the Board. Sucli honors are seldom conferred upon a man with a space of thirt3'-five 3'ears be¬ tween. In the case of Capt. Reno, all who know him will sav that the3' are

W. Campbell, C. H. Chadbourn, D. AT. Clough, W. J. Dean, James T. Elwell, O. }. Evans, Daniel Fish, E. Farnsworth Jr., J. B. Eustis, Wm. D. Hall, S. A. Harris, Anthony Kelly, C. P. Lovell, P. D. McAIillan, B. F. Nelson, F. C. Nickels, Jesse E. Northrup, A. G. Parkhurst, John S. Pillsburj^, John R. Purchase, E. J. Phelps, AI. D. Ridgway, J. C. Reno, Chester Simmons, L. Swift Jr., C. A. vSmith, W. E. Steele, J. W. Thomas, H. A. Towne, C. C. Ta3'lor, W. F. ITstick, W. D. Washburn, James T. WGunan, George P. Wilson, T. B. Walker, Nelson Williams and Judson L. Wicks. Alain^ of the large manufacturing establish¬ ments of Alinneapolis owe it to the Board of Trade that they have an existence and manv others owe it to the same organization that they were induced to locate within the confines of so enterpi'ising and progressive a cit3" as Alinneapolis. Although the conditions and circumstances under which such an organization can aid the city have materially changed in the last few years, yet there is much to be done and the old residents of Alinneapolis, as well as new comers who keep themselves informed of our material growth and progress, will desire that long life and prosperit\^ ina^' be the portion of the Board of Trade, for the great work it has already accomplished in that direc¬ tion, as well as for the watchful eye it has kept on the municipal affairs. In this latter field it has often aroused the enmity of that class of our citizens known as "practical i:)oliticians,'' but alwaj^s to the best interests of the cit3r evidently, as the best citizens of all

John Christmas Reno. The Reneau family were among the Huguenots of ' France, who after the persecution which : succeeded the revolution of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, w'-ere compelled to emi¬ grate from their native country. The3" took up their residence in Canterbury, ' England, whence at the beginning of the eighteenth centur3" they joined a colon3' migrating to the New World and settled on the James River in Vii'ginia. In America the authography of the name : wms conformed to its pronunciation and has been spelled Reno.

The Rev. Francis Reno w^as educated i at William and AIar3' College in Virgin- j ia, and was ordained a priest of the , Protestant Episcopal Church by Bishop White, in Christ Church, Philadelphia; ' Oct. 26, 1792. He built and ministered , in the first Episcopal church that was ; erected w^est of the Allegheny Aloun tains. ; His son, John Reno, was a merchant and farmer, who settled wdien a young man at Pittsburg, but removed to Ohio, where, at the village of Loudonville, Richland Count3", John C. Reno was born Dec. 30, 1822. His mother was Eliza W. Christmas, a sister of Charles j W. Christmas, who settled in Alinneaiv , olis in 1850, and took up one of the J first claims on the west side of the river. A^onng Reno remained with his father during his boyhood, attending the dis¬ trict school, and assisting in the labor of the farm. At the age of eighteen he entered a store as clerk in Beaver Count3% Pa., and continued in the same employment for four or five years. He then went on the Ohio River as steam¬ boat clerk, plying betw-een Pittsburg and St. Louis, making occasional trips [ to other ports, as far as New Orleans, j i He followed the river for the next eleven r years. During tliis time he commaiKled several boats, in some of which he was part owner. In 1S54 he built and com¬ manded the Fairy Queen, one of the elegant boats then plying the Ohio and Mississippi.

Making an advantageous sale ol his steaml)oat he brought the ])i'oeeeds to Minneapolis, where his uncle Christmas had been settled for about six years, whose letters setting forth the attrac¬ tions of this new region had induced him to come here. His arrival was May 12, 1850. He soon purchased a onethird interest in the Christmas pre-emp¬ tion of about one hundred acres, lying along the west bank of the river Ijetwecn Twentieth and TwentA'-third avenues north. Isaac 1. Lewis owned another third of the tract. A ijortion of the land was soon platted as North Min¬ neapolis, and sales of lots were made and improvements commenced. Among them was a large saw mill pnt up 1)3^ the Walcotts.

Among the enterprising men who settled in Minneapolis about that time was Ivoiw F. Woodman. He built the three storv frame building on the corner of Washington avenue and Helen sti'eet, in the upper storA' of which was Wood¬ man's Hall, as well as the l)riek block on the opposite corner now known as the St. James Hotel. He entered with enthusiasm into the plans proposed by Capt. Reno to make the Falls of St. Anthony the head of navigation on the Mississippi river.

In February, 1857, Ca])t. Reno, ac¬ companied by Mr. AYoodman visited Pittsburg and made contracts Iw which the owners of the four steamboats, Cre¬ mona, Harmonia, Orb and Rosalie agreed to make regidar trips during the season of navigation from Fulton Citv to the Falls of St. Anthony. Thetowns became enthusiastic at the i)ros])eet of securing navigation. Ware houses were built on each side of the river to accom¬ modate the trade. During the sccison there were fift3"-two steamboat arrivals, discharging no less than 10,000 tons of freight. Thei'c were a few arrivals in the season of 1858. The experiment then tried proved that there exists no natural impediment to navigation, save some removable boulders. It was at this period that a ])eneil sketch of the town at the Falls of St. Anthon3^ was made b}' a local artist, showing a steam¬ boat at the landing on the St. Anthoii}" side, and another with steam up, in full course for her retuni trip. An engrav¬ ing of this sketch will be found on ])age 43 of this histoiw.

In 1857 Capt. Reno became the third jjresident of the Minneapolis Board of Trade* which had been organized two 3'ears before, and he was again elected to that office in January, 1892.

The depression which followed the panic of 1857, checked real estate sales, and suspended the river navigation at this })oint. Capt. Reno now removed to Pittsburgh and engaged again in the river business. The war soon came on and employed a great part of the river craft in the transportation of troojjs and militaiw supplies. Capt. Reno who now commanded a steamboat, was bus}" in the government service. In 1863, he took part with his steamboat, the Lebanon, in the Yazoo Pass expedition, where in obeying a militai'}" order at night, he received an injury which com¬ pelled him to leave the service. He then took up his abode in Cincinnati, and engaged in the ship chandlery business, which he prosecuted for the next four¬ teen years. In 1877 he returned to his old employment on the river, running the Laura L. Davis between Cincinnati and Florence and Tusciimbia, in north

Alabama, on the Tennessee river. Fin¬ ally in 1884 Capt. Reno retired from the steamboat business and returned to Minneai^olis, where he has been engaged in improving his property. He has been a zealous and public spirited citizen, spending much time in promoting the business interests of the city. He is still an enthusiastic advocate of the river navigation, holding the idea that Min¬ neapolis is the ijractical head of naviga¬ tion on the Mississippi river. Through his effoi'ts, seconded by others whom his zeal has kindled into like faith, an appropriation has been made by Con¬ gress for the improvement of the river above St. Paul to the Falls of St. An¬ thony. Many of the bouldei's have been removed from the channel dur¬ ing the present season. Capt. Reno in¬ duced the owners of the steamer Atlanta to make repeated trips from the landing in Minneapolis to Fort Snelling and St. Paul during several months of the sum¬ mer of 1892. Not only so, but Con¬ gress in the passage of a river im¬ provement bill, at its last session, has designated Minneapolis as the initial point for the improvements xorovided for.

When the river shall have been im¬ proved, with steamboats arriving and departing at regular schedule from the Falls of St. Anthonj^ the residt will be largely due to the persistent efforts, through many years of discouragement of Capt. Reno.

Capt. Reno has always been a zealous and devoted supporter of the Episcopal Church. At the organization of Gethsemane Church in Alinneapolis in 1858 Mr. and Mrs. Reno were the 10th and and 11th communicants and being among the charter members. He was made a warden, associated with H. T. Welles at Easter, 1858. At present he is connected with St. Mark's Church. He was married in 1852

Mr. Reno's family consists of three sons and one daughter. The sons are William J. and Alexander N. of Min¬ neapolis and Howard Reno of New Mexico. His daughter Virginia H., is unmarried and a member of his famil}'. Capt. Reno resides atNo. 1212Hennepin avenue, in the former homestead of Dea Allen Harmon.

L). Russell, Wiu. McCrory, D. C. Bell, Ezra I'arnsworth, Henry Uoerr, C. MeC. MeReeve and Win. Regan. The Boaixl of Directors elected the following officers: T. B. Walker, president; J. S. Pillsbury, first vice-president; C. G. Goodrich, sec¬ ond vice-president; B. E'. Nelson, treas¬ urer, and A. L. Crocker, secretary. The organization at once became active in the establishment of manufactures and other business institutions in Minneapo¬ lis, and many establishments have been located here as the result of its labors. No large fund has been exjiended to pro¬ vide a bonus for the location of an estab¬ lishment, but nearly all the work has been done by committees, in showing the advantages Minneapolis canofferfor the location of an industry. The union is still active and successful, and it looks as if its work had but just commenced. The officers elected for 1892 are as fol¬ lows: Geo. A. Brackett, president; E. J. Phelps, first vice-president; Chas. R. Chute, second vice-president; A. J. Dean, treasurer, and F. H. Forbes, secretary.

In 1890 an important step was taken to locate manufactures in that part of West Minneapolis generalh^ called St. Louis Park. Mr. T. B. Walker, who was at that time jmesident of the Busi¬ ness Men's Union, conceived the plan of operations. He associated with him Messrs. C. G. Goodrich, L. I'. Menage, H. F. Brown, Haywood & Boshart, and A. M. Allen of Minneapolis, and M. P. Mason of Carthage, New York, and they immediately proceeded to organize the Minneapolis Land and Investment Co., with an authorized capital of $1,500,000. The Minneapolis members of the company constituted the first board of directors of which Mr. T. B. Walker was elected president; L. F. Menage, first vice-president; H. F. Brown, second vice-president; C. G. Goodrich, treasurer and A. M. Allen, secretary. The company immediately purchased 2,000 acres of land in the vicinit\' of St. Louis Park, a suburb on the western border of Alinneapolis. The purpose of organizing the company was to promote the establishment of Jiianufactures at that point, and at the same time increase the value of the land pur¬ chased, so as not only to furnish the ground for the location of manufactures gratis to the company locating, but to also bring a profit to the men engaged in the enterprise. There was no claim that the purpose in forming the com¬ pany was philanthropic, but it was a pure business proposition, which the company thought would redound great¬ ly to the advantage of Minneapolis, as well as to that of its promoters. Al¬ though the enterprise is yet in its infancy, it has already been shown that it is all its promoters anticipated it would be. A belt line of railroad was built through that part of the tract of the land set apart as a manufacturing district, connecting the Minneapolis & St. Louis; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; The Great Northern; and the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha railways with all the factory sites. The following manufacturing concerns have been located on the ground and are now in operation: The Monitor Manf'g. Co.; Thompson Wagon Works; Minneapolis Alalleable Iron Works; The Alinneapolis Jarless Spring Carriage Co. and the Shaft-Pierce Shoe Co. These companies already employ 500 hands, and that number will be materially increased after the companies get their business well estab¬ lished. The Alinneapolis Land 8c In¬ vestment Co., is negotiating with other firms to locate their factories at St. Louis Park, and a contract is already signed for the removal of the listerlj' Harvesting Machine Co., of Whitewater,

Wisconsin, and its location at St. Louis Park. After the removal of the compaii}' is accomplished, its name will be changed to the Minneapolis Esterly Harvester Co., and every indication points to the growth of a large manu¬ facturing suburb at St. Louis Park.

In writing these pages it has been my ])urpose to briefly cover every important manufacturing industry, but the magni¬ tude of the subject is such, that the space apportioned is not sufficient to do full justice to all, and many will have to pass unmentioned. But it has seemed best to devote considerable space to those indus¬ tries which had their birth with that of our city, in consequence of which, they have contributed more to its growth and prosperity than all others combined; but the smaller industries are as essen¬ tial, in proportion, to the growth of a great cit\^ as the larger, and all deserve commendation which all have done so well, then let me in conclusion sum up the achievements of Minneapolis mantifacturers and cast a horoscope of the in¬ dustrial development of our city.

The manufacture of lumber from the small beginning made in 1 848 has reached the magnificent total of 447, 713, 252 feet for the year of 1891. This is the highest point reached in an unchecked flood tide of prosperity, but with the almost limitless forests tributary to MinneajDolis by water and rail, the produc¬ tion of lumber will increase for 3'eai's to come.

In the production of flour Minneapo¬ lis manufacturers have already gained world wide notoritv; the product for 1890 amounting to 6,871,985 barrels, an increase of 1,000,000 barrels over 1889, and the steady growth of that industi'3' is assured, while the millers of Alinneapolis command the markets of the world, and both prince and peasant acknowledge their supremacy.

The manufacture of flax fibre into the various pioducts for which it is adapted is just beginning, and it presents possi¬ bilities beyond computation to the Alinneapolis manufacturer, with our tribu¬ tary fields of flax seeking a market, every indication points to the Falls of St. Anth¬ ony as thelocation where whirring looms and busy hands shall make the fibre into cloth, which marketed by our eager tradesmen shall return a proper wage to honest toil, and fill thecoffers of the man¬ ufacturer with shining gold. The manu¬ facturers of sash and doors, furniture, and farm machiner^q have alreadx' wrought be3^ond their highest anticipa¬ tions; but as the tributary forests make Minneapolis the natural location for the manufacture of wood products, there is every reason to believe that the ratio of growth for past years in these lines of manufacture will be maintained for years to come. But these are not all. In re¬ sponse to the indomitable energy' of our manufacturers, other industries too num¬ erous to mention follow in close column, until there are now over one thousand important manufacturing establish¬ ments in Minneapolis; and this splendid I'e'sult has been accomplished within a few y'ears; but we look forward to more substantial achievements in years to come. The natural accretion of manu¬ factures aheady established, will alone make a healthy growth, but add to that the many locating here on account of conditions, conducive to the successful conduct of a manufacturing business, and we shall have a growth unprece¬ dented.

Time has worked many changes in Minneapolis since the first saw mill was put in operation on the East side of the river in 1848, and the loioneer manufac¬ turers have also been subject to the inex¬ orable laws governing all mankind. Many of them are living in affluence, sur-

I'oundecl b}' the material results of their industry, and many are living in poverty but honored and respected by their fel¬ low citizens; while many more have crossed to that silent shore from whence no voice is heard; but thew have left en¬ during monuments in the towering mills and factories they have reared, which continue to furnish em])lo3-ment to the thousands left behind.

Falls Ok St. .Vntiiony, 1892

James T. Wymax. The sidiject of this sketch was born October 15th, 1849, in Millbridge, Washington County, Maine. He was one of a family" of twelve child¬ ren, ten of whom are still living. His parents were John and Clarinda Wyman, descended from old Puritan stock, the family having first settled at Woburn, Alass., in 1640. After the close of the Revolutionary war, his great-grand¬ father removed to Alaine.

Air. Wyman lived in Alillbridge until 1868, and received a good common school education. In the spring of 1868 he came to Alinnesota, and located at Northfield, and attended Carleton Col¬ lege for one year. In 1869 he engaged in business in that village wfith his brother, operating a sash, door and blind factory and saw mill, but was burned out Alarch 12th, 1871 - a most serious loss, as they had no insurance. His character fijr integrity was even then so well established, and his business habits so well formed, that he was able

In Alareh, 1871, he came to Alinneapolis and became superintendent of the sash, door and blind factory operated by Jothan (t. Smith and L. D. Parker, then located on the west side saw mill plat¬ form. In that capacity he develoix'd such marked business abilit\^ that in 1874 he became a partner, under the firm name of Smith, Parker & Co. In this business he has been an active part¬ ner ever since, the firm name since 1881 having been Smith & W\'man, his part¬ ner being H. Aldeii Smith.

It will thus be seen that Air. W^-num has been a manufacturer for iptwards of twenty years, and during the most of that time a proprietor in the business. The firm's business has been extensive, for many years having on its ])ay roll from 200 to 250 men, and on such just and e([uitable ])riueii)les has their business been conducted, that rarely, if ever, Ints a complaint been heard from an employe.

On September 3d, 1873, Mr. Wyman was married to Miss Rosetta Lamberson, the daughter of a Methodist clergy¬ man of Northfield, Minn. Seven children have been born to them of this union, fourbo3"S and three girls, as follows: Ro}^ L., Ouy A., Grace Alice, James C., Maude Ethel Wynne, Earle I', and Ruth W^'inan, all of whom ai'e now living.

Mr. Wjunan, while a most active and successful business man, has by no means confined his energies to the prosecution of his private business. He has a strong faith in and love for this city of his adoption. Whenever and wherever he has seen opportunity to aid in advancing the general interests of the city", he is always among the foremost to seize it and push it to a successful issue. He early became an active member of the Board of Trade, and did service for sev¬ eral years in that organization as chair¬ man of the committee on manufactures. He was vice-president of the board in 1887, and was unanimously elected president in 1888, and also in 1889, and declined another re-election. He was one of the original members of the Business Mens Union, organized in 1889, and also a member of the board of directors.

Mr. Wyman was one of the most prominent in the organization of the Metropolitan Bank of Minneapolis in the spring of 1889, and in a few months after its organization he became its vicepresident. At the first annual meeting of the bank he was elected president and has held the office ever since.

Mr. Wyman has been an active mem¬ ber of the Methodist Episcopal church ever since he came to Minneapolis, and now holds the office of trustee of the Hennepin Avenue Methodist Episcopal church; and also for many years has been a trustee of Hamline Univei'sity, the most important educational institution of that denomination in Minnesota, and

The Associated Charities of Minne¬ apolis is doing a most important benev¬ olent work for the city, in which Mr. W3'-man has always taken a deep inter¬ est. He was chosen one of the first di¬ rectors of the association, afterwards its president, and still holds the office of vice-president of the board of directors.

With all these multiplied activities, to each of which he devotes its full share of time, it ma3^ well be inferred that Mr. Wyman is an unusually busy man. But these by no means comprehend the full measure of his public services. Other public organizations might be mentioned to which he has devoted no small amount of time. Hardly any important public gatheringis held, looking towards the advancement of the moral or mater¬ ial interests of the city, at which he is not invited to be present and participate. While he makes no pretensions to oratorical display or rhetorical effect, 3^et he never fails to command and hold the attention of his audience, and is a most convincing speaker on any subject he undertakes to handle. As an after dinner speaker he is especially happy and never fails to "bring down the house," by his humor and wit, whose flavor does not require the adventitious aid of champagne (which he eschews) to make it truly enjoyable and delightful. And that he equally excells as a writer is proved by the able and exhaustive article on the manufactures of Min¬ neapolis, which preceeds this biographi¬ cal sketch. Few, unless they have undertaken similar work, can estimate truly the vast amount of research and labor required to prepai-e a comprehen¬ sive article like that. It is confined to a plain statement of facts without unnecessary verbiage and though it is possible omissions may have oceurred, it is safe to say, that no cit}' has had a more complete and satisfactory article written on so important a subject.

Mr. W\nnan has in politics always been recognized as a consistent Republi¬ can, though he has too much inde¬ pendence of character ever to become a slave to party. He does not favor partizan political action in municipal aftairs, but reserves to himself the right of private judgment as to men and measures, most likeh^ to promote the general interests of the city.

Mr. Wyman has never held or sought ])olitical office, although urgentW so¬ licited b}' a very large number of citizens to permit the use of his name as a can¬ didate for mayor. Political office has personally no attractions for him, nor could he be induced to accept such a position unless it was morallv certain that by such acceptance he could be of more service to the public than as a private citizen.

The character of Mr. Wyman taken as a whole illustrates the best trait of that New England race which has be¬ come the founder and builder of cities and states. Intelligence, enterprise, sagacity, public spirit, business integrity and honor, founded on a strong moral fibre, are characteristics of the man, standing oiit with remarkable promi¬ nence. He is yet comparatively a 3'oung man, hardly yet having reached the full maturity of his physical and mental powers, and a higher measure of success than he has yet achieved, is morall}- ceihain if his life is spared.

Mr. Wyman has a delightful though modest home as a permanent residence, on Fourth street southeast. He has also a ver}' pleasant summer residence at Lake Minnetonka, where his family usually spends the summer season, sur¬ rounded with all the enjojunents for

Stephen Ckoshy H.\ee. Mr. Hall was a resident of Minneapolis only four years, but long enough to demonstrate his soundness of judgment, sagacity and enterprise as a business man, to exhibit his amiable and kindly traits as a cit¬ izen, and to develop a character deepl\' and uneffectedh'- religious. To diligence in business he united fervenc3' in spirit in no small measure. Having established himself in business he brought his family and took up a permanent residence in 1884.

In August, 1888, while attending to some affair at his saw mill on the bank of the river, he made a mis-step, and was precipitated some twent3' feet, striking a timber, and was taken up lifeless. The familv, consisting of Mrs. Hall, two daughters, Emma and Hattie, and son, Stephen, continue to occupy the home at No. 221 Clifton avenue, while another daughter, married to Mr. T. H. Shelvin, resides in the vicinit3'.

A 3'ear or two before removing here, Mr. Hall had become largel3^ intei'ested in Minnesota timbered lands. On his arrival, with Col. James Goodnow he entered into the North Star Lumber Company, which, however, lasted only through one season's work. In the fall of 1885, Mr. Hall, with his son-in-law, T. H. Shevlin, and some other gentle¬ men, who had financial interests with him, began buying logs and carrying on a general lumber business, which was in¬ corporated June 8, 1886, as the Hall 8c Duce3' Lumber Conipan3'. Mr. Hall was president of the compaiu' and its busi¬ ness manager. This company did a hea\w business, handling 40, 000, 000 feet of lumber 3'earl 3'. Their books show an annual business of $600,000 to $700,- 000.

As a feeder for the Hall & Ducey Com¬ pands the Hall & Shevlin Lnmher Com¬ pany was formed in the fall of 1886. This company owned some fine pine lands, but its principal business was in the saw mill line, cutting lumber almost exclusively for the Hall & Ducey Com- ])an3^ Of this company Mr. Hall was president, and Mr. Shevlin was manager. The company ei'ected a new mill, equip- ]ied with circular, gang and band saws, having a capacity of 40,000,000 feet. The pay roll of these two companies, of which Mr. Hall was the leading spirit, averaged $18,000 per month through the season of 1888.

Upon settling here Mr. Hall trans¬ ferred his church connection from the Con¬ gregational church of Muskegon, Mich., to Westminster Presbyterian church of this city. He was devoutly attached to the church, and a constant attendant, not only upon the preaching, but also upon the social and prayer meetings of the church. He was a liberal contribu¬ tor to the funds of the society, as well as to the various mission enterprizes of that lai'ge and enterprising chtu'ch. He was a warm pei'sonal friend of Dr. Burrill, the then distinguished pastor of West¬ minster church. He used his large means freely in benevolent lines, though for the most part his charities were so quietly bestowed as to leave no public record. One, however, came to light through his sudden death. He had undertaken the financial support of a missionary in Japan, but leaving no will, the pledge expired with his life. The Young Men's Christian Association acknowledged him to be a large contributor to its work. Air. Hall was president of the church so¬ ciety in Muskegon for many years. He was instrumental largely in building the new church.

formal resolution : "In the death of S. C. Hall, the Lumber Exchange has lost a member whose earnestness and ability made him a leader in its councils, and whose kindness of heart and upright sincerity of character has endeared him to all with whom he came in contact.''

Brief as was his residence among us, he had become regarded as an important element in business enterprises, and as a strong support to the moral forces of the community.

Air. Hall was born at Penn A^an, Abates county. New York, August 16th, 1834. He was fifty-four years old at his death. Of this period, twenty-one years had passed in his native place, twenL"- nine at Aluskegon and its vicinity, in Michigan, and fouryearsin Minneapolis. His father was Jonathan Hall, a deacon in the Presbyterian church, and a man of high personal character, of prominence in the community, and of considei'able wealth. His immediate aneestors were resident at Passaic Valley, New Jersey. The mother of S. C. Hall was Anna Whitaker Hall. A sister was married to Rev. Lttther Littell, for many years a prominent pastor of the PreslwTerian church in Orange count}". New A^ork. Mr. Hall's education was in the schools of his native village, where he gi'aduated with a high standing in mathematics, intending to pursue the avocation of a civil engineer, taking lessons in and practicing the art of surveyor. At the age of nineteen he spent some time as clerking in a store in New Yoi'k City. On reaching his majority he pushed out into the world, and soon made a location in the wilds of Michi¬ gan, among the forests of the AIuskegan, at White River, now AA^hitehall. He was not afraid of honest work, and resolutely encountered the privations and hardships of frontier life. On one occasion he delivei'ed the mail for White-

He naturally learned about land and tind)er, and whilecarryingthe surve^'or's compass and chain made selections and commenced dealing in timber lands. At the age of twent\'-two he built a saw mill at Whitehall, which was operated a while and then sold. Observing a marsh of several thousand acres which was marked upon the surveyor's ])lat "iml)assable marsh," he obtained title to it, and with well directed improvements drained it, and in process of time made it one of the most productive farms of Michigan. He soon acciuired large tracts of pine lands, and entered extensivel3' into the logging business. In 1871 he ])urchased a tract of 15,000 acres around Houghton lake, which he cut and rafted in the lake, emplo^'ing at one time three hundred men and one hundred horses, and cutting over fifteen million feet of lumber in a single season.

His dealings in logs naturalh' led him in a few 3'ears to the manufacture of lumber, which he began in 1870. He operated mills at Bluffton and at Naubinwa\', in the Upper Alichigan peninsu¬ lar, the latter as a member of the firm of Thompson, Hall & Co. For the mark¬ eting of his lumber he became a member of the lumber firm of Thomijson Bros.

Co., of Chicago. In his honor a steam¬ boat engaged in transporting lumber on the lake was named ''Stephen A. Hall." Among other enterprises which his active mind conceived and his energetic hand jiut in operation, was the Ba\' State Lumber Co., of Alenominee, Mich., of which he was president, as also the S. C. Hall Lumber Compan\', of Michigan, of which he was president, and his son-inlaw, Mr. Shevlin, was manager.

in Alichigan, great business cnerg\', thoughtfulness and sagacitv. He devel¬ oped high social qualities, gained wealth and enjo\'ed a high reputation. His public service was confined to three terms as supervisor and two as countv treasurer.

Air. Hall was married in Ai)ril, 1802, to Aliss Alice A. Clark, of Grand Haven, Alich., who, with the four children above mentioned, survive him. Three children passed awav before the father.

William AIorton Barrows. From the pineries of Alaine to the forests of Alinnesota was a natural transition for the hardj'^ 3'oung woodsman who had been trained in the use of the ax and the handspike in the woods and on the rivers of the ''Pine Ti'ee State." The lumber¬ men who first made their camps along the Rum river, or in the pineries of the uplier Alississippi had learned their trade on the Kenebec and the Penobscot.