Minneapolis City (part 8 of 80)

About 1815, Buffalo was founded. Detroit, though an ancient French settlement, began to feel the impulse of growth from American emigra¬ tion about the same time. Stim¬ ulated by peculiar access to lands in the Ohio, the hardy farmers of Con¬ necticut dimed the mountains, and planted New England institutions alonsf the Western Reserve. The wave of settlement struck the western shore of Lake Michigan, about 1832, and Chicago and Milwaukee were begun, and soon shot into a marvellous growth. It was fifteen years later that the tide, reaching the Mississippi, crept upward along its waters, and broke, in scattering and isolated set¬ tlements, into the upper country. But the numbers who came at that early period, to establish homes in the wil¬ derness, were few. They were com¬ posed only of such as were willing to forego the comforts of an established civilization, and endure the hardships of the frontier. It was only when rail¬ roads were completed, linking the At¬ lantic with the Mississippi, that the thin tide swelled into a solid wave, and inundated, with its fecund popu¬ lation, the distant prairie and the re¬ mote wilderness. The year 1864 brought the iron rail to the Falls of St. Anthony, and within the next ten years it had passed the northern and western boundaries of the State. Dur¬ ing this era, the flood of emigration pressed into Minnesota, building up its cities, and peopling the prairies with an industrious population. Lands that had lain waste from the beginning of time, over which the roaming buffalo had alone cropped the rich herbage, were turned over by the breaking plow, and soon laughed with their burden of yellow grain. As fast as the railroad stretched toward the mountains, the human tide followed its line, and carried cultivation and civilization over the continent. With the railroad era, the period of the pio¬ neer passed awa}'". His work, like that of the scouts of an army, had gone before. Though departed, we delight to read the early days of pioneer life, and to dwell upon the names and ex¬ ploits of its chief actors. Enveloped by no mists of a hoary antic^uity, nor in¬ debted to the magnif^dng influence of tradition and fable, the pioneers of the west, and notably, those of Minnesota, occupy a place of honor, and attract feelings of respect, and sentiments of gratitude, quite in excess of their own expectations, and, perhaps, of their de¬ serts. In respect to those who first occupied the i^laces where the present generation of citizens of Minneapolis, and of Hennepin County live, remind¬ ed by little in their surroundings that they are separated but by a generation from primitive wilderness and frontier desolation, some still linger among us, and all of them are known by many, now in active life, as their early friends and neighbors.

The earliest pioneers of this region were undoubtedly brought here, and employed in the fur trade. They came with little thought of permanent resi¬ dence, but from one influence or an¬ other, remained after the immediate inducement for their coming had passed away. Such were Faribault and Renville, the Sibleys, the Rices and the Browns - illustrious names among the first settlers of the State, of whom the citizens of Minneapolis recognize the names of Steele and Chute.

occupation of Forts St. Authonj^ and Snelling. Tliese gave tis the Prescotts and Russells. About the same time came a few devoted men, as mis¬ sionaries, of whom remained as set¬ tlers and permanent residents, the Ponds, Williamsons and Riggs.

The earliest pioneers, coming with the purpose of taking up homes, and making permanent settlement, were some families migrating from the far Northwest, whence, by stress of floods and isolation, the}^ sought the neigh¬ borhood and protection of a military post. These Canadian farmers and herdsmen, first settling upon the mili¬ tary reservation of Fort Snelling, were driven from their early homes, and sought refuge in other parts of the countr}'. It is doul)tful if any of them left representatives in this county. About the same time, a little party arrived, through much tribulation of storm and blizzard, from the Selkerk settlement of the Red River country, giving to the count3^ permanent resi¬ dents in McLeod and Bottineau.

Until about the year 1847, these were the only pioneers who established homes in the vicinity of the Falls of St Anthon}^. Then came some me¬ chanics from the lumber regions of Maine, to put in a dam and build mills at St. Anthony. They opened the way for the lumbermen of the Penobscott and the Kennebec, who saw, in the pine forests of Minnesota, a source of occupation and wealth.

Finally, when the way had been prepared by these genuine pioneers, and the Indian occupation had been relaxed by surrender of title to some of their lands, a flood of genuine agri¬ cultural pioneers began to pour in from the older settlements of Illinois and Wisconsin, which soon extended even to the old Atlantic states, and.

augmenting in numhers, soon took possession of the eligible points, and became the genuine pioneers of our present prosperous civic life. A par¬ ticular mention of these will be made, as the settlement of the towns of the comity shall come under examination.

Petek Wolfokd. Peter Wolford was born in York Countj^, Pa., Februar3' 3d, 1812. He began life on a farm which had been handed down in the famil3% from one generation to another, since the time of the original transfer from the government. This, in one of the old thirteen States, means much more than it does in the new West. Early in life, he married Mar3^ Ann Carl, of the same county, and, together, they reared a family of five children, three girls and two bo3^s. This union was dissolved by the death of his estimable wife, after a happy married life of over fift3'-six years. Mr. Wol¬ ford operated the farm on which he was born, and which passed to him on the death of his father, for a number of 3'ears. The farm house was the popular rendezvous for all the social gatherings in that part of thb county. The house was large and commodious, and visitors were alway welcome. A beautiful stream flowed across the farm and the dam, the grist mill, the saw mill, and the numerous tenements in which lived the families of the farm hands, were notable features of the place.

Earl3' in the '50's, the western fev'er overtook him, and in 1857, he, in conipan3' with the late Mr. J. K. Sidle, made a reconnoitering trip west as far as Kansas Cit3"and Omaha, intending to devote especial attention to the new State of Texas. In some unaccountable manner, they were attracted to the ris¬ ing young town of Minneapolis, and thither they journeyed. Arriving here, in the summer of that year, they were so well pleased with the present and future out-look of the place, that they made some investments and returned home with the intention of arranging their affairs and taking up their resi¬ dence in the far-off Minneapolis.

Prior to going west, Mr. Wolford, together with Mr. Sidle and James Blair, formed the banking house of Sidle, Wolford and Company, to do a general banking business at No. 20 Bridge Square.

This was one of the first banks in the city, and the only early bank which was successful in its business. He remained but a few years in this cor¬ poration, withdrawing therefrom to conduct a commercial and mortgage loaning business by himself. This he has followed successfully until the present writing. He devoted himself entirely to his business, rarely depart¬ ing therefrom to take speculative in¬ terest in real estate. Although he re¬ ceived a considerable estate upon the death of his father, his success is due largel}^ to his devotiota to business, and to his exceptionally good judg¬ ment and business ability. He earned for himself the reputation of being always lenient in his dealings where leniency was deserved.

Jonathan Chase. A veteran in tbe lumbering business of the upper Mis¬ sissippi, and a resident of St. Anthony since 1854, was born at Sebec, Piscata¬ quis Count}^, Maine, Dec. 31, 1820. The region, in the northerly part of the state, where the head waters of the Penobscot interlock with those of the

Aroostook and St. John, was a wild and isolated country, whose chief in¬ dustry was the cutting and running of logs for lumber. The death of his parents, while he was yet a lad, left him dependent on his own exertions. From his fourteenth year he took care of himself, and, at that age, betook himself to the lumber camps, on the St. Croix River, where he performed such labor as that of the other men. He passed through all the ex¬ perience of a woodsman, and gained such a knowledge of the craft, as qual¬ ified him, with little knowledge gained in school, to take up, in later years, the lumljering business, and conduct it with energy and success. Mr. Chase spent twenty years in the for¬ ests of Maine, in the region about Portago Lake. For many winters, he worked for wages, and finally logged on his own account, and in company with Kimball Jewett, of Bangor. He was endowed with a good under¬ standing, was ol.)servant, prudent and industrious, so that he came to be es¬ teemed an excellent cruiser, and a careful and accurate estimater of tim¬ ber lands.

When thirt5^-two years of age, Mr. Chase thought himself able to lay aside the wild and careless life of a woodsman, and take upon himself tbe responsibilities of a family. On the 5th of February, 1852, he married Miss Melissa Pollard, who was a resident of Masardis, Aroostook County, Maine, situated in the same region of north¬ ern Maine. In the fall of the next 3^ear, hearing reports from the lumber¬ men, who had for several 3^ear.-< begun to transfer their allegiance from the forests of Maine to those of the upper Mississippi, of the abundance of tim¬ ber and opening markets in the West, he set out on a tour of observation.

Arriving, I)}' slow and tedious water and land routes, at St. Anthoii}', he found so niaii}^ of his former acciuaintances from Maine, and heard so flattering reports of the timber re¬ sources of the upper region, that he determined to remove to the place- The winter of 1853-4 was spent in St. Anthoti}', during which he made a trip of observ'ation to the Rum Kiv'er pineries. He purchased a hou*se on Fourth Street, in Upper St. Anthonj^, and, returning to Maine in the spring, brought his wife and household effects to the new home. There they resided for about twenty 3'ears, when Mr. Chase purchased a large lot at the corner of Sixth Avenue and Seventh Street, Southeast, and built a large and commodious dwelling, which has ever since been the famil}' home. At the present time (1893), fort}" 3'ears have passed since Mr. Chase first identified himself with Minneapolis, making him one of the oldest residents, as he was among the earliest of pioneers.

Mr. Chase entered at once into the lumbering business. He spent man}" winters in the woods; first on the Rum River, and, afterward, oti the upper Mississippi. He has carried on the lumbering business in nearly all its branches, and for a period longer than almost any of his contemporaries. His experience and good judgment en¬ abled him to select valuable lands, to which he obtained title. He dlso cruised the timber country, in the em¬ ployment of others, or in locating lands for a share. He cut and drove logs. He built a saw mill at Gull River, and manufactured lumber, and he opened lumber yards at Minneap¬ olis and elsewhere. Until about 188(5, Mr. Chase followed the lumber busi¬ ness with energy and good judgment, and, considering the many varying experiences of the country, with suc¬ cess. He retired with a moderate for¬ tune, and, what is more, with an un¬ sullied reputation for probity and in¬ tegrity.

The citizens of St. Anthony, among whom Mr. Chase cast his lot, in 1853, were not long in finding out, and a]>- preciating, his excellent qualities. Though he had enjoyed very limited educational advantages, and had no legislative experience, he was chosen to represent his district in the lower house of the last territorial legisla¬ ture, where he occupied positions on the committees on State affairs and public buildings. This was an im¬ portant session, as it had the responsi¬ bility of preparing the Territory to assume the dignity of Statehood. So faithfully were the duties of represen¬ tative discharged, that Mr. Chase was chosen, at the next election, a' Senator, thus hav"ing a seat in the last terri¬ torial and the first State legislature. Though a self-made man, Mr. Chase possessed some excellent qualifica¬ tions for a legislator. He was a close observer of men and affairs, was ener¬ getic, and possessed of a calm and well balanced judgment. He had the ability to express his views with clear¬ ness and force, though with none of the arts of oratory; and he was, above all, kindly and courteous, so as to attract friends and conciliate oppon¬ ents. The legislators of the period were plain, practical men, who had mingled in the toils of frontier life, and knew the needs of tlie pid)lic. They brought to their work that knowledge of affairs that is gained by ex])erience, rather than that whicli is accpiired from study and familiarity with the forms of a more highly or¬ ganized society. Among the col¬ leagues whom Mr. Chase met at his

At the breaking out of the Civil War, and, more particularly, at the time of the Indian massacre upon the frontier, Mr. Chase felt called upon to volunteer in the military service. He enlisted in a company that was re¬ cruited at St. Anthony, and was attached to Company A, of the Ninth Regiment of Minnesota Infantry. George A. Camp was appointed Cap¬ tain of the Company, and Mr. Chase First Lieutenant. Upon the promo¬ tion of Mr. Camp to the Majorship, Lieutenant Chase was made Captain of the Company, and marched with it, and a portion of his regiment, to the frontier. The winter of 1862-3, was passed at Fort Ridgeley, in garrison duty, and, the following summer, the command joined the expedition, under General H. H. Sibley, as pioneers, and marched to the Missouri River. They were engaged in the trying and ardu¬ ous marches and dangerous conflicts with the treacherous and wily sav¬ ages, which resulted in their capture or dispersion. After the close of the Indian campaign, and before the regi¬ ment departed for the south. Captain Chase was compelled to resign on account of the state of his health, which had been impaired by the hard¬ ships of the summer. His resigna¬ tion was accepted October 5, 1863. Captain Chase then returned to his lumbering business, which he pur¬ sued until about 1886, when he gave it up.

In politics, Mr. Chase belongs to the Republican party. His ecclesiastical connection is with the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has been a devoted and consistent mem¬ ber for twenty 3-ears.

A family of seven children have blessed Mr. and Mrs. Chase, of whom five still survive. The sons are Jona¬ than E. and W. N. Chase, and the daughters, wives of J. H. Gillmore, and F. S. Pratt, of Minneapolis, and J. B. Eaton, of Devil's Lake North Dakota.

At the age of seventy-two, Mr. Chase preserves much of the energy, and all the vivacity of earlier manhood. He lives a comparatively quiet life, enjoy¬ ing the reminiscences of an active and laborious life, with the love of his family, and the respect of a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.

It is not applicable to Phillip Her¬ zog, one of the early settlers in Min¬ neapolis, now a retired manufacturer, with a large share of this world's goods in his possession. He was born in Oldernheim, Bavaria, now a part of Germany, January 3, 1828, and came to this country, with his parents, in 1839, landing in New York City on the 27th of Ma}-. The family at once set out for Auburn, New York, by way of Al¬ bany. The railroad, at that time, ex¬ tended only to Schenectady. From that place, they proceeded westward, on the Erie Canal, to Weedsport, and from there, by wagon, to Auburn.

'At the age of twelve, young Herzog went to Troy, New York, where he be¬ came an apprentice to a cabinet maker. He had not been in Troy more than a year, when he learned that his parents had gone West, and he soon returned to Auburn. He remained in that city, working at his trade, under instruc¬ tion, until he was sixteen years of age. He then went to Racine, Wisconsin, where his parents lived, to make them a visit. His visit over, he went to Chicago. This was in 1844, when the citj" 011I3' claimed 12,000 inhabitants. Mr. Herzog worked at his trade, in the future metropolis of the West, for a time, when he returned to New York State, going to Ogdensburg, b^" waj' of the lakes.

Here he began working at his trade, at once, and, before he was twenty 3^ears old, had charge of a shop, which manufactured furniture for shipment to Canada. In that cit}", Mr. Herzog was married to Miss Jane Hollida^^, on his twentieth birthdaj^. She was not quite seventeen. The marriage proved, in ever}" respect, a fortunate one. Both are still alive, and still lovers, after a married life of fort^'-four j^ears.

The 3"oung couple remained in Og¬ densburg for a 3^ear, after their mar¬ riage, when the}" went West, in 1849, stopping at Racine, where Mr. Herzog engaged in the furniture business, alone, for a time, and, later, with a partner, named Sterns. At the end of three years, he left Racine and went to what is now West Union, in Fay¬ ette County, Iowa, where he estab¬ lished a furniture business. This was in 1852, before the county was organ¬ ized. Here he put in the first steam engine in northwestern Iowa. At West Union, he also remained three years, and, in 1855, moved north, to Minnesota, reaching what is now Dodge Center, on the 1st of April. The State was then still a Territory. He was appointed the first Justice of the Peace in that county, by Governor Gorman.

Here he pre-empted 160 acres of land, and bought 160 more, adjoining. He staid in Dodge County just one year. In 1856, he came up to St. Anthony's Falls, looking for a location, to go into business. There were then about

The place did not strike him favor¬ ably, and, after a stay of two months,, he and his wife went East, to Ogdens¬ burg, to visit his relatives. While East, Mr. Herzog made arrangements for going into business in Oswego, New York, but changed his mind and went westward once more, stopping at Prescott, Wisconsin, which was, at that time, looked upon as the coming city in the Northwest.

He opened up a furniture business, in that jilace, but remained only a short time, moving from there to Has¬ tings, Minnesota, where a furniture business was started, and also a sash and door factory, and a planing mill. While at Hastings, Mr. Herzog bought a water power and saw mill, twelve miles back of Prescott, Pierce County, Wisconsin, for the purpose of manu¬ facturing his own lumber.

He then sold out, at Hastings, and moved to Dundas, Minnesota, where the best flour mill in the country was located. Here Mr. Herzog purchased a water power, with a view to manu¬ facturing furniture, for wholesale. At this time, the first serious misfortune in his career overtook him. A freshet swept away the dam and the mill in course of construction, at Dundas, and also the mill near Prescott.

When everything was cleared up, Mr. Herzog had, probably, about fif¬ teen hundred dollars left, with which to begin the world anew. After this disaster, he once more came to Minne¬ apolis, the second time in 1865. He began to work in the car shops of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, run¬ ning their planers.

He worked for this firm until he went into business for himself, manu¬ facturing agricultural implements, under the firm name of Chase and Herzog. Sometime after, he sold out his interest and went into the manu¬ facture of wood and iron fences (The Northwestern Fence Works). When fences went out of fashion, he engaged in the structural iron business, in \iAhich he rapidly became very success¬ ful, soon doing a large and extensive business.

He now formed a corporation, with his sons, called the Herzog Manufac¬ turing Compan}^ which continued under that name up to 1890, when it was changed to the Gillette-Herzog Manufacturing Company.

Mr. Herzog went out of active busi¬ ness in 1886, and is now (1892), living on his farm at Groveland Park, on Minnetoka Lake, occasionally coming into town, to look after such Imsiness as he may have on hand, and to visit old time acquaintances. Mr. Herzog does not think highly of politics, and mingles very little in them.

In the early days, he was nominated as a candidate for Sheriff, in West Union, Iowa, during an absence from home, but, when he returned, he promptly declined to run. A similar experience happened to him while in Dodge County, Minnesota.

Mr. Herzog has had eight children, three of whom are living, two boys and one girl. Philip M. is in the structural iron business, in Chicago; Charles E. is at West Superior, con¬ nected with the Heivson, Herzosf Supply Company, and a daughter lives at home, with her parents.

Pev. John Steven Fall. Among the early settlers of Minneapolis, who have risen to positions of prominence and distinction, in their respective lines, was Rev. J. S. Fall. He was, pre¬ eminently, a self-made man, and, prob¬ ably, no one in the city has accomp¬ lished more, in the same length of time, in the various occupations which they follow, than did Mr. Fall.

Born, in the Province of New Bruns¬ wick, in the town of Chatham, on the 25th of June, 1828, he became en¬ dowed with a hardy nature, both of the sturdy English stock, from which he came, and the climate in which he was reared. His father was captain of a merchantman, and was lost at sea, leaving the mother to attend to both financial and family affairs, in which she was assisted by her son in running a country store, until he be¬ came of age, when he engaged in the same business for himself.

1855, and, the country being new and sparsely settled, he took up a claim near Bass Lake, Hennepin County, as preferable to engaging in business. Being convinced of the future advant¬ ages to be found in the vicinity of Minneapolis, he decided to make this his future home, and, the following year, he returned to the Provinces, where he was united in marriage to Miss Amelia B. Barnard, of Charlotte¬ town, Prince Edward Island, July 31st,

Naturally inheriting a love for knowledge and attainnient, his line of thought was very progressive, and especially so upon the subject of reli¬ gion. Feeling that the teachings in the churches, at that time, were too narrow and dogmatic, he determined to abandon his husiness pursuits, and preach a gospel of love to God and love to man, and of not only eternal, but of universal salvation. Karely, if ever, was there an instance of a man, in middle age, surrounded by a pros¬ perous business, in which he had been reared from earlj^ boyhood, has abandoned this for a life of study and professional labor.

Selling out his business, in 1866, to Joshia Town, he began a course of study with Rev. Herman Bisbee, preparator}^ to entering the ministry. In 1868, he moved to Canton, N. Y., and began a course of study in the St. Lawrence LTniversity, and, after three j'-ears, he graduated from that college, in June, 1870, at the age of forty-two. Soon after graduating, he was called to the pastorate of the Church of the Good Shepherd, at Racine, Wisconsin. Fifteen of his subsequent years were spent in the ministry, occupying sev¬ eral pulpits, most of which were in the states of Michigan and Wisconsin. Failing health at length forced him to retiie from his chosen work, hut, although retiring from the ministry, he never lost sight of the work he had been performing for fifteen 3'ears, and which he had chosen for a life occu¬ pation. His religion was of the broader kind, which went outside the church and the pew, and made its influence felt 1)3' those with whom he came in contact, as he engaged in the business pursuits, and the rush of activit3', known to Minneapolis, at that time. Returning to Minneapolis, the cit3' he loved and adopted as his home, he be¬ gan active improvement of his real estate, which he had held, during his absence in other states.

In 1883, he built the block on the corner of Second Avenue South and Fifth Street. Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Fall, most of them reaching mature 3'ears, but all have since died, save one son, Charles I. Fall, who now resides in Minneapolis.

The untimel3' death of Mr. Fall occurred on the 27th of Ma3', 1890, leaving a wife, one son and a daugh¬ ter, together with a large circle of de¬ voted friends and admirers, who most sincerely mourn his loss.

Charles B. Sanborn, one of the earliest settlers of the city of Minne¬ apolis, was born in the town of Sand¬ wich, New Hampshire, September, 1831. His father, Isaac Sanborn, was a tailor, by trade, and his son, apparentl3', inherited an inclination to the same sort *of business, which was manifested by his opening a read3'- made clothing establishment, at Great Falls, N.H., at the earh' age of twent3'. He carried on an extensive business at that place for two 3'ears, when im¬ paired health compelled him to retire from active work, and to return to his old home, where he remained for more than a 3'ear. Here, he, in a great measure, recovered his health, and was impatient to resume activ'e busi¬ ness.

In 1851, he opened a store for general merchandising, in Meredith \'illage, N. H., in compan3' with Benjamin Gillrnan. After a few months, the firm was dissolved, and re-organized.

under the name of Sanborn and Beede. In 1857 - a period of great financial de¬ pression, in the Bast, and a period when the great West was attracting much attention, on account of its healthful climate, and greater oppor¬ tunities for business, Mr. Sanborn con¬ cluded to follow the advice of Horace Greeley, removing to Minneapolis, where he opened a store, for the sale of groceries and provisions, on Nicollet Avenue, near where now stands the hardware store of W. K. Morison & Co. He remained here in active busi¬ ness, for three years, when he pur¬ chased a farm, of thirty acres, in the neighborhood of what is now Portland Avenue, Park Avenue, and Twentyeighth Street. He built a handsome residence on the corner of Portland Avenue and Twenty-eighth Street, where he resided till he died, February 5th, 1886, and where his widow re¬ mains.

In politics, Mr. Sanborn was a Re¬ publican, of the type which prevailed at the opening of our late Civil War. In religion, a Congregationalist, enter¬ taining those conservative notions, which so largely prevailed throughout New England, during the early and middle portions of this century. While Mr. Sanborn was a resident of Meredith, N. H., he was married to Miss Sarah J. Hubbard, of Tam worth, Carrol County, N. H., January 1st, 1853. The result of this union, was one daughter, who died in May, 1881.

Mr. Sanborn possessed that activity of body, and energy of mind, so char¬ acteristic of New England stock, where it required economy, energy and perseverance, to secure a liveli¬ hood. In social and domestic life, he was fortunate and happy, and the death of his beloved daughter, and only child, greatly depressed him, and.

doubtless, hastened his own demise. As a citizen, he was greatly respected for his sterling qualities and honor¬ able dealings, and his death was greatly deplored by all who knew him.

C. C. Stuktevant. It is seldom that a man is permitted to enjoy, to the end of four score years, unimpaired vigor and activity, but such was the case in the life of C. C. Sturtevant. Born in War¬ ren, Connecticut, November 30, 1813, Mr. Sturtevant lived a busy and event¬ ful life, and continued in useful and active service until a few weeks pre¬ vious to his death, at Minneapolis, May 30, 1893. In six months he would have reached the full limit of eighty years.

Though born on a Connecticut farm, Mr. Sturtevant was essentially a West¬ ern man. His parents, James W., and Lucy Sturtevant, moved to Ohio when he was an infant, and he grew up and spent his life in full identification with Western life and ideas. As a boy, Mr. Sturtevant had the double advant¬ age of a New England inheritance of pluck and probity, and a residence on the famous Western Reserve, of Ohio, where the very spirit of the inhabit¬ ants was enough to inspire every growing boy to lofty aims. Mr. and Mrs. Sturtevant settled at Tallmadge, Ohio, and, until he was sixteen, young Sturtevant worked, with his father and brothers, on the farm. During his boyhood, there were many interesting and important events, which, doubt¬ less, had much influence in moulding the character of the man. It was the important period in American history, just after the war of 1812, when the United States were, for the first time, taking their place as one of the powers of the world. With complete and rec¬ ognized independence, the national spirit felt no check, and asserted itself as it had not done before. National policies were outlined and adopted, emigration, and the settling of the great territories west of the Alleghanies, was encouraged, and public im¬ provements were commenced on a scale never before contemplated. None enjoyed the national feeling more than the sturdy settlers of Ohio, and young Sturtevant seems to have become fully imbued with the spirit of progress. An incident of the boy's career illus¬ trates, verj^ aptly, the influences which surrounded him at this time. It was in 1824, when he was in Connecticut, and visiting at an uncle's, that the episode occurred, which is described as follows:

His uncle took him to Hartford, to witness the reception given to General Layfayette, who was then the guest of this country. Congress having voted him $200,000, for his services during the exciting periods preceding, in which France had figured so promi¬ nently. There was a large concourse of people present, in Hartford, on this occasion. Many had driven a hundred miles, to see the General. With his uncle, 3"oung Sturtevant secured a position close to the platform, and the commanding figure of Lafayette was but a few feet from him. The number of states had not increased greatly over the original thirteen. As the ex¬ ercises were about to begin, it oc¬ curred to some one, in charge, that it would he fitting to have as many of the states represented on the platform as possible, and it was ver^' gratify¬ ing to find that every slate was repre¬ sented in that gathering, except Ohio, which had just been admitted to the Union.

Young Sturtevant was quickl}' assisted to the platform, and the audi¬ ence cheered, wildly. General Lafay¬ ette, who had seated himself, mean¬ while, again rose, when he saw the young representative of the new state coming forward bashfully, and, plac¬ ing his hand on the boy's shoulder, he said:

About this time, the Erie Canal was opened, and, in the 3'ear following the boy's return from his visit to Connec¬ ticut, the construction of the Ohio Canal (connecting Lake Erie and the Ohio River), was begun. Impressive ceremonies were conducted at Akron, DeWitt Clinton, New York's famous governor, and the promoter of the Erie Canal, being present. JMr. Sturtevant's father was the leader of a choir of three hundred voices, which furnished the music at the celebra¬ tion. It would seem that these earl}'' experiences shaped Mr. Sturtevant's life. He became interested in com¬ merce, in its broadest sense; an in¬ terest that did not flag, through three score years following.

Mr. Sturtevant's first business ex¬ periences were at Marietta, Ohio, where he spent a short time, when he was sixteen 3'ears of age. Later, he found employment in the then heav}' river commerce, between Cincinnati and New Orleans, and advanced rapidly, until he was captain of one of the great river steamers, plying be¬ tween the Queen and Crescent citie's. In those anti-railroad da3^s, the river traffic was of enormous importance. The captain of a great packet was a man of influence, and importance, in the business world.

In 1848, one of Mr. Sturtevant's brothers moved to Illinois, and in¬ duced him to try his fortunes in the new region. For about twenty years, Mr. Sturtevant was identified with Illinois, living at Beardstown, and be¬ ing engaged in mercantile business, newspaper work, and, part of the time, in the service of the government. While in Illinois, he was one of forty guests who rode on the first train on the first railroad in the State. Some years later, he went to St. Joseph, Mo., and spent five years in editorial work, which was continued in Minneapolis, in which city he resided the last twenty years of his life. Mr. Sturte¬ vant's Minneapolis newspaper work was as commercial editor of the Pioneer Press and Tribune. After a few years, he was made Secretary of the Board of Trade, and, in 1883, was chosen Secretar}^ of the Chamber of Commerce, holding the position until his death. For this office he was ad¬ mirably equipped. He was possessed of a remarkable memory, was method¬ ical and accurate, had a life-long in¬ terest in things commercial, and was devoted to Minneapolis. He enjoyed the work heartil}^, and was, probably, happier in it than at any other period of his life. His annual reports were marvelously complete, and, exceeding¬ ly valuable for reference, on all sub¬ jects connected with grain and flour, and transportation. He was in active

Mr. Sturtevant married, in 1834, Miss Anna Fliza Walker, of New Alban}^, Indiana. They had twelve children, of whom Mrs. E. D. Stoddard, of Pierre, S. D., Mrs. L. A. Clayton, of St. Joseph, Mo., and Arthur H. Sturte¬ vant, of Indianapolis, survive their father. Mrs. Sturtevant died at Beardstown, Illinois, in 1860. In 1886, Mr. Sturtevant married, at Mount Ster¬ ling, Ills., Mrs. Priscilla Irwin, who survives him. The^^ had no children. Mr. Sturtevant was the last of his famil3^. Among his brothers was the late Rev. J. M. Sturtevant, President of Illinois College.

In character, Mr. Sturtevant was positive and precise. He was punc¬ tual, and prompt, and insisted on others being so. In his family, he was a strict disciplinarian, but was found none the less lovable in disposition. It was his invariable habit to look on the bright side of things; he enjoyed modern progress, and was never heard to speak of tlie superiority of "the good old da3"s," which most old men regard as far better than the present. He had a passion for travelling, and had been in every corner of the United States. From a long line of ancestors, he inherited allegiance to the Congre¬ gational Church, of which he was a member, throughout his life.

John Dudley. During the current year, John Dudley j^assed away,* hav¬ ing nearly reached the age of four score years, almost half of which was passed as a resident of the cit3^ of Minneapolis, and in a home which he occupied, in 1856, when St. Anthony

He was a luinberinan, having begun life in the woods of the l^enohscot, when a lad, in driving team and haul¬ ing logs, and, following the same bus¬ iness, hut as a manufacturer and wholesale dealer, upon the St. Croix and Mississi2)])i, with ^persistency and enterprise, to the last year of his life. He was one of the best known of the earl}' residents of St. Anthony, and re¬ spected for his integrit}', manliness, and unfailing kindness, in private life.

The famil}', of which he was a scion, is a distinguished one, in the annals of the northern country. It has been prominent from the earliest period of settlement in New England, having numbered, among its members, Joseph and Thomas Dudle}', both Colonial Governors of Massachusetts. John Dudle}' was of the seventh generation, from the first American ancestor. His father, Samuel Dudley, a native of Warwick, Massachusetts, was taken, by his parents, while 3'et a lad, to the woods of the T^enohscot, in Maine, where he was identified with the de¬ velopment of the country, while he followed the avocation of a woodsman.

John Dudle}' was horn in Penobscot County, June 29 1814. Throughout the period of his bojdiood, the entire region was new and wild. There were no settlements larger than logging camps, expanding into frontier trad¬ ing towns. The chief pursuits of the inhabitants was in cutting and haul¬ ing logs along the I^enohscot river, from Aroostook Portage to Passadnmkeag, and in cultivating farms among the stumps and rocks of the falling forests. With his earl}' years, young Dudley was initiated into all the mys¬ teries of wood craft, while he drove a team among the lumber camps. His

At the age of twenty-one, he started out for himself, as a lumberman and merchant, in the village of Milford, fifteen miles north of Bangor. It was in the vicinity of Orono, and Old Town, whence came other pioneers of Minne¬ apolis.

Three years of independent busi¬ ness had brought such success, that he felt able to undertake the family relation. On the 2fith of August, 1838, he wedded Miss Hannah Balphidge, also a native of Maine, with whom he led a happy domestic life, for fifty-five years, and who survives him, in the far western home, beside the Father of Waters.

In 1838, Mr. Dudley enlarged his business, entering into a partnership, which, under the style of Huckins and Dudley, carried on business at Mil¬ ford and Bangor, until 1848. The partnership having been dissolved, in 1848, Mr. Dudley engaged in an exten¬ sive logging and lumbering business, for the next five years.

In the spring of 1852, he made a trip westward, and visited Prescott, Wis¬ consin, where a brother had taken up his residence, and continued his jour¬ ney to the Falls of St. Anthony. In the fall of 1853, he determined to re¬ move to some western lumbering dis¬ trict, and, taking his family, settled at Port Huron, Mich., where he engaged in lumbering. Though successful, the location in Michigan failed to sat¬ isfy his ambition, and, in 1855, he came to St. Anthony, removing his family the following year. While living there, during the last thirty-eight years, his operations have been largely on the St. Croix. He built a saw mill at l^rescott, at the junction of the St.

Croix with the Mississippi, and opened a lumber yard there. He acquired pine timbered lands, and carried on all the different operations of lumber¬ ing, from the stump, to the sale of assorted lumber from the yard. He opened lumber 3^ards at other points, such as Appleton, Hastings, St. Paul Park, and Montevideo. He applied great industry and enterprise to the conduct of his business, always giv¬ ing personal attention to all its de¬ tails. In the successive periods of prosperity and depression of business, he met with varying success - some¬ times with disappointment and loss - but, with undaunted courage, he al¬ ways faced the exigencies of his busi¬ ness, and, in the end, made a grand success, so far as pecuniary results are concerned, and alwaj^s maintained a high character of integrity and pro¬ bity.

In only one respect did he depart from the strict line of the lumbering business. That was in the opening of a farm, of one thousand acres, at Montevedio, the care and improvement of which furnished him both diversion and employment.

Mr. Dudley was endowed with a strong physical organization, and with an extraordinary mental capac¬ ity. His memory was phenomenal. It is said by one who was, for many years, intimate with him, that every detail of his extensive business was fixed in his memory, and could be re¬ called at any moment. He knew, to a day, when his obligations were due, and never failed to meet them with punctuality.

As his means increased, Mr. Dudley invested largely in enterprises con¬ nected with the business of Minne¬ apolis. He was a stockholder in the Northwestern Consolidated Milling

Company, the largest, with one excep¬ tion, of the mills of the Flour City. He was also a stockholder, and, for many years, a valued Director of the First National Bank, of Minneapolis, the leading financial institution of the Northwest.

Mr. Dudley was a positive man in his opinions and principles. They were not put on and off for an occa¬ sion, but were the result of conviction, and, perhaps, in a degree, of temperarnent. In politics, he was a Whig, in the days of the dominance of that national party, and when the Repub¬ lican party took its place, he accepted its principles, and supported its can¬ didates. In religious opinion, he dis¬ carded the Calvanistic tenets of the early Dudleys, adhering to the form of doctrine taught by the Universalist Church. To this he was very much devoted, entering heartily, and liber¬ ally, into its work of building and establishing religious institutions.

His social relations were with the order of Masonrj^, of which he was a member from early j^ears. He was a member of Cataract Lodge, and of Darius Commandry.

Mr. Dudley left no direct posterity. An only daughter, born in 1839, and married to W. G. . Bradford, of New Orleans, in 1863, survived her mar¬ riage only one year. A niece, Miss Helen Marr Weeks; who was brought up as a member of Mr. and Mrs. Dud¬ ley's family, and who became the wife of Fugene W. Trask, died in 1886. Her four daughters, Grace E., Clara A., Harriet H., and Helen Weeks, were legally adopted into the family, and, with Mrs. Dudley, survive.

meat. At the same time, he was pub¬ lic spirited. He was thoroughly absorbed in the conduct of his own affairs, and, with energj^ prudence, and sound judgment, made his busi¬ ness undertakings succeed.

His personalit}' was imposing, and his intercourse genial and hearty. Until the last days of his life, when a wasting disease laid him aside, he was atnong the best known, and most thoroughl}" respected, of the citizens of ^Minneapolis.

Byron Sutherland. This enter¬ prising lawj^er and public spirited cit¬ izen, was born at Westfield, Chautau¬ qua County, New York, Jul}' 15, 1846. In earl}^ life, his parents removed to northern Penns3dvania, where his boy¬ hood was passed. He was only fif¬ teen 3^ears old when the call to arms kindled the patriotism of the sons of the North, too 3'oung tc) be received into the ranks. During the second 3'ear, he was received, as a recruit, and joined the ranks of the defenders of the Union. In 1864, at the battle of Spotts3dvania Court House, he re¬ ceived a severe wound, which sent him to the hospital. The following 3"ear, he was transferred to <he Veter¬ an Keserve Corps, and continued in service tintil he was discharged, in Jul3L 1865, at the close of the war. He was then nineteen 3'ears old, learned, beymnd most 3a)ung men of his age, in the jjractical school of the camp and the field, but feeling the need of the teaching which most bo3's receive in the schools, before the3' launch into the troubled sea of life. He entered school in Penns3'lvania, and spent the next five 3'ears in diligent study. He then went to Jamestown, New York, and entered upon the stud3^ of the law. In 1872, he engaged, as a teacher, in

Penns3dvania, and the same year was elected Superintendent of Schools, of Warren Count3^, Penns3dvania. His law studies were continued, in the in¬ tervals of official labor, so that, in 1875, he was admitted to the bar. Booking to the West, as offering a better opportunit3'^ to a young man to find emplo3^- ment and advancement, he came to Minneapolis, and commenced practice, in 1876. His office was at No. 201 Nic¬ ollet Avenue. He was not long in at¬ tracting business, and, b3^ attention to the interests of his clients, industr3', and the exhibition of a fair abilit3L both as a safe counsellor, and an ad¬ vocate, he has continued to do a fair share of the legal business of the growing cit3^.

His prospects of obtaining a liveli¬ hood were so encouraging, that, in the 3"ear following his settlement in Min¬ neapolis, he took a wife. The lady of his choice, was Miss Sarah Brown. The wedded pair established a house in Minneapolis, and entered into the varied life of the place, in which the3^ have been iD'omiiient. Their house has been a center of hospitalit3L and of refined and elegant social life. The famil3' consists of Mr. and Mrs. Suth¬ erland, and one son, Renne W., now fifteen 3'ears of age.

Some 3"ears before his death, Mr. Sutherland formed a law partnership with David A. Secombe, Esq.,a veteran of the Hennepin Count3^ bar, which continued until near the close of the life of Mr. Secombe, a 3'earor two ago. He is, at the present time, the senior of the firm of Sutherland and Van West.

In 1885, Mr. Sutherland was elected a member of the Board of Park Com¬ missioners, of the cit3' of Minneapolis, and served for a term of four 3'ears. The office has no salar3L or other com- pensation, but is one of great impor¬ tance, and of honor. Mr. Sutherland devoted much time and conscientious labor to the office, informing himself, thoroughly, as to all its operations, and bringing to it a matured judg¬ ment, much taste, and legal, and prac¬ tical knowledge. The development of the park S3^stem, which has been such a notable feature in the establishment of the city, owes much to the faithful attention of Mr. Sutherland. In later years, he has devoted much of his professional thought to some depart¬ ments of corporate laws, in connection with building and loan associations, and is, at the present time, Vice-Presi¬ dent of the American Savings and Loan Association, and Secretary of the Peoples' Savings and Loan Com¬ pany, two prosperous financial insti¬ tutions of the city.

Mr Sutherland is a vigorous man of forty-seven years, industrious, and enterprising, and has, apparently, yet, many years of fruitful labor before him. He is affable in his bearing, forcible in his utterances, jmd enjoys a good understanding with the mem¬ bers of the bar, and the respect and good will of the community.

S. C. Robinson. Identification with the industries of Minneapolis, for a period of thirty-five j^ears, gives Mr. S. C. Robinson not only an honored place as a pioneer, but also a high standing among the business men, who have been instrumental in de¬ veloping the manufacturing interests of the city. His business career has been one of uniform success. The spirit of enterprise, and industry, which is so characteristic of the men who built Minneapolis, appears, conspicuousl}^, in a review of the career of this prosperous manufacturer.

Mr. Robinson is a native of New Jersey. He was born, on a farm, near Bridgeton, on March 21st, 1831, and lived at home until the death of his mother, when he was fourteen 3'ears old. After the custom of the time, he was bound out as an apprentice, to a carpenter. The selection of an em¬ ployer was unfortunate. After two years and a-half, the apprentice ran away to sea. His friends induced him to return, after a year's experience on the ocean, and he resumed work at the bench, under Dayton B. Whittaker, of Bridgeton. Mr. Whittaker was a man whom young Robinson thoroughly respected, and to his influence, he attributes much of his success in life. After becoming a journeyman (when twenty-one years old), Mr. Robinson remained with Mr. Whittaker for several years.

A few years later, Mr. Robinson came West. He spent a year in Kan¬ sas, but on account of the unsettled condition of society, incident to the anti-slavery troubles, in that State, he finally settled in Minnesota, determin¬ ing on St. Anthony, as his home. He had first brought his family to a friend's home, at Cannon Falls, and from there, came by wagon to St. Paul and Minneapolis.

For a short time, Mr. Robinson was in the employ of Messrs. Alden, Cut¬ ter and Hull, a firm of contractors well remembered by all old settlers. He soon commenced contracting on his own account, as a carpenter and builder, and followed the business, in this wa3', until 1876. Just previous to the war, while affairs were rather dull, at the falls, he went South, and spent some time in New Orleans and Mobile, erecting buildings by contract. He was at Mobile at the time of the break¬ ing out of the war, and, suddenl3^ found himself with only ne^ro car¬ penters, all the wdiite men having enlisted. He finished his contract, and finall}' came North, getting through the lines with considerable difficult}".

While in the contracting business, Mr. Robinson became accjuainted w'ith the late Charles S. Bardw'ell, and, in 187(5, he purchased the interest of Mr. Hisbee, in the firm of Bisbee and Bardw^ell, and formed the concern - Bardw"<fil, Robinson and Co. - which has since become so prominent among the Northw-estern manufacturers of sash, doors, and w"ood finishings. When the company commenced business, in 1876, it occupied a small frame build¬ ing at the corner of Thirteenth Ave¬ nue South, and First Street, did a business of $40,000 a 3"ear, and emplo3"ed tw"ent5"-five or thirt}" hands. The business increased rapidl}-; after eight years, it could no longer be transacted in the limited quarters. The establishment was moved to the present site, at Twenty-fourth Avenue North, and Second Street, where tw'o blocks of land were purchased, and extensive buildings w-ere erected. The latter has been supplemented, from time to time, until now" the con¬ cern has a factor}" building fifty-six by one hundred and eighty feet, and four stories high; a w'arehouse of ecjual height, and nearly as great area, a connecting building thirty by one hundred and fifty feet in size, be¬ sides kilns, sheds and other minor l)uildings. With the extensive lum¬ ber yards, three city blocks are occu¬ pied.

The products of the factory are sold from ocean to ocean; they go into buildings in every great city in the country. About one-half of the otitput of the establishment goes to Chi¬ cago, while large orders are lilled in Philadelphia and New- York. The cojiipany does a larger business in hardwood doors and finishings, than any other concern in the United States.

During the sixteen years of its exist¬ ence, the only reverses met w"ith by the firm were in 1891, when a fire loss of $50,000 w"as sustained, and a heavy loss on an eastern sale occurred. Mr. Robinson is naturally proud of being able to say that this unfortunate year is the only otie since he was sixteen years old, in wdiich he has not made money.

Tike most successful men, Mr. Rob¬ inson married young. On March 10, 1852, he w"edded Miss Mary H. Dare, at Bridgeton, New Jersey. Miss Dare w"as the daughter of Levi Dare, a man w'hose frequent choice to positions of trust and responsibility, evidenced the esteem and confidence in which he was held by his fellow- citizens. The marriage w-as, in every w-ay, a fortu¬ nate one for young Robinson. His wife has been a life-long help-mate, in the truest sense, bearing w-ith him faith¬ fully, and patiently, the vicissitudes of pioneer life, and, by her industry, fru¬ gality, and hearty co-operation, assist¬ ing him in building up the compet¬ ence which they now enjoy. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson like to recall the strug¬ gle of the early days in Minneapolis. One episode is quite worth perpetu¬ ating. When Mr. Robinson went South, before the w-ar, he w-as, as he expresses it, "starved otit." Minneap¬ olis w-as having a hard struggle, and building operations were practically dead. He found himself with only $40 on hand. It w-as time to take some radical step. He promptly decided to go South, and, dividing the $40, gave $20 to his wife, and, taking $20 him- self, loaded his baggage on a band cart, and proceeded to the steamboat landing. As related above, his south¬ ern venture was eminently successful. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson have had three children. Charles N. Robinson is as¬ sociated with his father in business, and Mary W. is the wife of William L. Wolford. A second son, Frank L., died in infanc}^.

Upon their arrival in Minneapolis, the only house available was a small frame building on Second Street, Southeast, near the present site of the Pillsbury A mill, and in this the Rob¬ insons lived for several months. They afterward built a home of their own, near the State University, and resided there for eight years. The3^ have since lived in several localities, identified with the early history" of the city. Perhaps the most interesting was what was known as the Bushnell house, at the corner of Seventh Ave¬ nue, South, and Fourth Street. This building is still standing. It was orig¬ inally intended for a hotel, and was the first hotel in Minneapolis. Man3" of the old settlers, including the Sidles, Judge Ames, and people of equal prominence have, at some time, boarded in this old house. In 1883, Mr. Robinson built his delightful home at 1812 Park Avenue.

In his early years, Mr. Robinson be¬ came a member of the Methodist church. When he came to Minneap¬ olis, he assisted in the organization of the First M. E. Church, and became one of the trustees. Since that time - the fall of 1858 - he has been almost continuously a trustee in some one of the Methodist churches of the city. He held this office in the first Meth¬ odist church organized on the West Side, which, for some years, occupied a building on Third Avenue, South, opposite the new City Hall. This church was subsequently merged in Centenary (now Wesley) M. E. Church. Mr. Robinson afterwards became a trustee in the Thirteenth Avenue M. E. Church, and was an organizer of the Hennepin Avenue Church. He was elected trustee, and has continued on the board ever since, and is now president.

Mr. Robinson's devotion to business has, in a measure, prevented him from indulging in fads. He has, however, found one of his chief pleasures, and his best recreation, in the ownership of fine horses. He always has several speed3'- animals in his stables, and has twice met with quite severe accidents, while driving unrul3^ nags.

In the fall of 1892, just before the death of Mr. Bardwell, the business of Bardwell, Robinson and Co. was re-or¬ ganized, and made a stock compan3^, the capital invested being about $400,000. This shows the enormous growth of the business. When the firm commenced business, the capital was $15,000. Upon the re-organization, Mr. Robinson was elected presi¬ dent of the company.

Albion Barnard. The healthful climate of Minnesota was, in earl3^ times, as now, a patent element in in¬ fluencing immigration. Among the man3^ people who found health in the Northwestern atmosphere, several decades back, was Dr. Albion Barnard, who has been identified with Minne¬ apolis, and this locality, since 1855. Dr. Barnard was a native of Dixfield, Maine. He was born November 5, 1822. His father, Silas Barnard, is re¬ membered by many Maine people, of the early days, as a well known citi¬ zen, public man and efficient State officer. For many 3^ears, Silas Bar- nard was extensiv'el^' engaged in snrvej'ing puljlic lands, not onl}' iiv his own State, but in other parts of the Union. He was, frecjuently, elected to public office, serving, at various times, in the State Legislature, as Representative, and Senator, and, later, as Governor's Counselor.

Dr. Barnard was one of six children. With his l)rothers and sisters, he enjo3'ed the practical training of New England countr}' life, and the educa¬ tion afforded Iw the excellent public schools of the region in which the family lived. Arriving at man's estate, he satisfied a taste for the study of medicine, I)}' taking a course at the Bowdoin Medical School, from which he received his diploma, in 1848. For the next seven 3'ears, he i:)racticed his profession, in Maine. Failing health led him to seek a more congenial climate, and, in 1855, he came to Min¬ nesota, and established himself in Minneapolis. The straggling village, at the Falls of St. Anthoii}', afforded but little opportunit}' for the practice of medicine; but this was, probabl}", just as well for Dr. Barnard. He had actpiired a knowledge of surve^diig, while a 3'oung man, as assistant to his* father, and there were ample oppor¬ tunities for the exercise of the art, in those earl}^ Minnesota daj^s. For several j^ears, much of his time was given to this outdoor work, much of it in the pine woods, with the fortun¬ ate result of gradual restoration to health. Though Dr. Barnard was not able to enlist, at the opening of the Civil War, he took an active part in the famous Indian War, of 1803. He was prominent in the com])any of volunteers, which went out from Min¬ neapolis, for the relief of E'ort Ridgel3', and which, under the command of Captain Anson Northrup, achieved

In 1865, Dr. Barnard was appointed ph3"sician and sui)erintendent, at the Leech Lake Indian Agenc3', and en¬ tered upon ten 3"ears of service, which he justU' regards as one of the most interesting periods of his life. The appointment was a most fortunate one for all interested. To Dr. Barnard it brought a decade of residence in the pine woods, which completel3' restored his health, and, at the samV time, an opportunit3^ of unlimited usefulness, and the practice of his [wofession, under most unusual circumstances; to the Chippewas, on the reservation, the selection brought the services and counsel of a well trained ph3"sician, a thoughtful student, of problems of Indian management, and an upright character, which won their regard and confidence. During his residence, on the reservation. Dr. Barnard became thoroughU' familiar with the Ojibwa3' language, and customs, and made several contributions to the records of the State Historical Societ3".

Returning to Minneapolis, about 1874, Dr. Barnard devoted some atten¬ tion to surve3dng, but did not reiiew the practice of medicine. After a few 3'ears, he engaged in the milling busi¬ ness, as a member of the firm of R. M. l^ratt and Co., whose mill was situated at Chamj)lin,Henuei)in County. Upon the destruction of the mill, by fire, in 1890, the business was discontinued, and Dr. Barnard has not since engaged in mercantile pursuits, his private affairs occuping such part of his time as he chose to devote to business.

While practicing, in Maine, Dr. Bar¬ nard married, in 1850, Miss Eniil3' A. Marshall, of Hillsboro, N. H. The3" have had two children, a daughter, now deceased, and a son, Frank Bar-

When Dr. and Mrs. Barnard first arrived in Minneapolis, the}' occupied a house at the corner of First Avenue, North, and Fourth Street. The build¬ ing, somewhat altered in appearance, is still standing; 'it was one of per¬ haps, the fift}^ houses first erected in the city. In those da3'S, North Fourth Street was one of the best residence sections. Colonel R. C. Benton lived next door, and a Mr. Wright, remem¬ bered by all earl}' residents, occupied the house now owned by L. M. Stewart. In 1858, the Barnards moved to North First Street, near Bassett's Ci-eek - a place long since given over to railroads, and warehouses. Afterwards, they lived in a house at the corner of First Avenue, South, and Washington, where the building occupied by the Swedish-American Bank now stands. Dr. Barnard built his pleasant home, at 1900 Hawthorn Avenue, in 1886.

While modestly disclaiming all pre¬ tensions to being a literary man'. Dr. Barnard has been, of late years, an occasional contributor to the press, and is frequently called upon, for papers, or articles, touching upon early days, in Minnesota, and, especi¬ ally, Indian affairs, with which he is especially familiar.

Leroy Sunderland Buffington. If architecture is the oldest of arts, it is also the most slowly progressive. Long intervals of time separate the Egyptian from the Grecian, that from the Gothic; and centuries passed be¬ fore the diverse forms, which the re¬ naissance produced, became crystalized into permanent styles. Not only extensive forms have changed with the ages, but the materials of struc¬ ture, as well. The world long rested content with the forms and materials designed by the great masters of the art - the Burnorotts, the Wrens, the Jones, and their successors. The massive piles of masonry, hewed into nice adjustment, and wrought into designs of wonderous grace and beauty, have stood for ages, as models of perfection, in design, material, and structure. Nevertheless, the perfect structure did not arise in Greece, or Rome, Paris, or London, New York, or Chicago.

It remained for the present genera¬ tion, and the city of Minneapolis, to furnish the architect, who, by his thoughtfulness, should invent, and, by his practical sagacity, introduce to the world, a new style of edifice, con¬ structed of imperishable metal, adapt¬ ed to revolutionize architecture, and substitute, in all our cities, for walls of brick or stone, light and airy struc¬ tures, excelling these in strength and durability, and, piling story upon story, until their summits almost pierce the sky.

The steel frame, and passenger ele¬ vators, introduce a new era into urban architecture. They consolidate cities into small areas, and utilize land to many times its ancient availability.

When, less than six years ago, Mr. L. S. Buffington published to the world his design and plans, for a building with steel frame, twentyeight stories high, it was received with old incredulity, or facetious pleasan¬ try. At best, it was 2:)ronounced "an architect's dream." A writer, in the New York Sun, declared it to be "the production of a crank," while an architectural iouriial dogmaticall}' asserted that "he does not know that the expansion and contraction of iron would crack all the ])laster; that, in a few years, there would only he the shell left." The daring architect (juietl}' j^erfected his plans, obtained a patent, for his conihination of novel features, and awaited the issue. The idea, in the hands of anihitious archi¬ tects, was eagerl}' seized, and the erection of buildings, with iron frames, began. To- day, they stand as monu¬ ments of the sagacity', and accuracy of calculation, of the inventor, in many cities; Chicago, capping the climax, with its Masonic Temple, rising through twentj' floors of tenanted offices. More than $100,000,000 have l)een expended in the erection of iron structures, at a great saving in cost, of economy in space, of immense strength, and stability, and of absolute safety' from hre.

To the names of the great inventors who have entwined their fame, with advances in architectural art, the present generation will add that of II uftington.

Mr. Buffington is a native of Cin¬ cinnati, Ohio, horn September 22, 1847. He is the only son, bj' a second mar¬ riage, of Jesse R., with Anna (Jones) Buffiington. The family is of English origin, and formed a i)art of the emi¬ gration that followed William Penn to Penns}'! vania, and, until the present generation, has adhered to the tenets of the Quaker sect.

Jesse Buffington was a man of much elevation, and versatility of character, and to his other avocaticins, added that of civil engineering. This, no <loubt, gave a bias in favor of a kindred art, to the ambitions and as{)iring son. His education in the e.xcellent schools of Cincinnati, was com[)leted by grad¬ uation from the high school, at the age of seventeen years. He immediatel}' entered the office of Messrs. Anderson and Hannoford, leading architecfs of Cincimiati. Here he re¬ mained for five years, engaged in methodical study of the principles of mechanism and civil engineering, and of architecture, with daily observa¬ tion of the application of scientific principles, to the ])ractical problems of the art, in the minute designs of the office, and the working out of the plans in public buildings, and private residences, in that architecturally beautiful city. On the completion of his studies, Mr. Buffington married, Sei:)tember 20, 1809, Miss Marj" Ellenor Depew, of Cincinnati. About the same time, he took a trij) to the Northwest, visiting St. Paul and Minneapolis. His observations satis¬ fied him that ati inviting field for thr practice of the art of architectural design, in its highest forms, awaited the coming of a suitable artist, and he resolved to try his fortunes here. He settled in St. F^anl, in 1871, and was soon employed as supervising archi¬ tect, and superintendent of construc¬ tion of the government hnilding. He soon entered into partnership with A. M. Padcliff, and remained in St. Paul about three 3'ears. During this time, he was cmplo3'ed in remodeling the State Cai)itol, which had been erected in territorial da3's, without much re¬ gard to architectural S3inmetr3'. Mr. Buffington furnished plans for several additions, and improvements, to the Capitol, and, upon its destruction, in 1881, he was commissioned, 1)3' the (Governor, to [)repare ])lans,and stiperintend the erection of ihe ])rcsent Slate Capitol. The amount, to be expende<l, was limited, and the time within which if was to he completed.

was brief. Its completion, with tlie means, and within the time limited, was regarded as a marvel of eco-nomy, and celerit3^ The edifice, adapting the modern renaissance, in its general outline, with Komanesque detail, is a model of convenience, compactness, and practical utility. It has the beauty of adaptation, and befits a transient condition of the State, pass¬ ing from the struggles of infancy into the staid and sober condition of earl}^ maturitv. The few j^ears which the 3mung architect spent in the capital city are marked b^^ a number of private residences, adorning its beau¬ tiful Summit Avenue, which exhibit, in their s^'mmetr}^ of outline, and beaut}'- of arrangement, the refined taste and exquisite skill of their de¬ signer. The residences of A. B. Stickney, A. H. Winslow, Governor Mar¬ shal, Earl Goodrich, Henr}' Shipman, and C. H. Cutler, are examples of his art.

It was a fortunate event for ]>Iinneapolis when Mr. Buffington deter¬ mined to make the cit}^ his home. It was in 1874 that he settled here. Be¬ fore his coming, several architects, of no ordinary attainments, had left the impress of their taste on her public buildings and private residences. In the earlier years, A. B. Cutter had planned and erected many buildings. A few years later, A. M. Radcliff had been the leading architect.

Specimens of the workmanship of both of these men, as well as of others of less reputation, or of residents of other places, survive, and show them to have been men well up in their pro¬ fession. Minneapolis has alwa^'s been remarked for the neatness of her streets, and the taste and beauty of many of her buildings. After nearl}^ twenty 3'ears, during which Mr. Buf¬ fington has designed so maii}^ of her public buildings, and residences, this rej^utation has grown to be a marked feature of the j-)lace. The work of her park board, embracing a naturall}^ beautiful site, by the transforming touch of landscape art, has been sup¬ plemented b}^ liberal expenditure of her ambitious citizens, under the guidance of her accomplished archi¬ tect, in homes of S3^mmetry and beaut}". All parts of the cit}" are adorned b}" the graceful products of his design. Public buildings, hotels, manufactories, villas and mansions, with neat and inexpensive cottages, have arisen on ever}- side, as monu¬ ments of his skill. Among these ma}' be enumerated the State Capitol of North Dakota, at Bismarck, Pillsbury Hall, the Chemical Building, and the Hall of Mechanic Arts, grouped upon the campus of the State University, the West, Yellow Stone Park, Lafay¬ ette, and Lake Park hotels, the Boston and Sidle blocks, the residences of Governor Pillsbur}", G. A. Pillsbur}^ and the late F. C. Pillsbury, C. H. Pettit, W. W. Eastman, Thos. Lowr}", S. C. Gale, and the Christian brothers. Perhaps the chef d'oeuvre of his work in Minneapolis, is the West Hotel. There are other hotels in the country surpassing it in size, of more lavish display of ornament, and greater cost, but none, b}^ the testi¬ mony of travelers and artists, com¬ prising such beauty of proportion, such chasteness of style, with con¬ venience of adaptation, and richness of ornament and finish. Before un¬ dertaking it, Mr. Buffiington visited all the leading cities of the country, examined the best hotels in the land, and, when he made the design, he copied none, but introduced all the features of adaptation and ornament that coiiitiieiuled thetuselves to his judgment, to produce a harmonious combination. The result has added a notable feature to the architecture of the city, and furnished to our citizens a subject of patriotic pride.

The latest work that has engaged the pencil of this versatile and indus¬ trious architect, is a new librar}", for the State Universit}'. The plan, which has been adopted, and which is in process of erection, will add to the group of the University, a building not only beautiful in itself, hut the onl}" one in the countr3\ which repro¬ duces in exact proportions, some of the architectural masterpieces of the world. Its facade is modeled after the Paithenon, at Athens, having its exact proportions, and rejiroducing, in all its original perfection, the severe and noble outlines of that most per¬ fect example of Doric architecture. Its frieze, unlike the procession of demi gods and heroes of ni^Thologj", will bear symbols of the arts and triumphs of modern civilization, cut in highest relief, upon the mid walls of the edifice.

Allusion has alreadj^ been made to the invention which Mr. Buffington has made in the construction of metal buildings. It is the result of much thought, and a bewildering amount of nice calculations, involving strength of materials, strains, expansion, and contraction of metals, and a world of other details. The result is embodied in specifications for a patent, which were filed in the United States Patent Office, November 14, 1887, and in for¬ eign countries, soon afterwards. The emplojnnent of iron and steel, as the frame work, and as the chief strength of large edifices, is a new departnredn architecture, and bids fair to revolu¬ tionize its methods. Alread}' more than $100,000,000 have been expended in several of the chief cities of the country', in the construction of build¬ ings, after Mr. Bnffiington's plan, and its success is likel3' to place his name high u]) among the great and original architects of the world.

The patent has been transferred to Buffington's iron Building CompaiU', a corporation organized with a paidup capital of $1,000,000, of which Mr. Buffington is })resident and manager.

Of eight children, who have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Buffington, two died in infanc3". The eldest, A. L. Buffington, is associated with his father, and vice-president of the iron building conipan3". The others are 3'^et at school.

Benjamix E. Messkk. One of the pioneers of Minneapolis, well known and greatl3^ respected b3^ the earl3' set¬ tlers, as an accomplished teacher, an industrious mechanic, and a public officer, was B. E. Messer. Coming to St. Anthon3% in 1852, suffering from severe bronchial and stomach troub¬ les, the bracing air and free life of Minnesota restored him to vigorous health. Having, during a little more than ten 3'ears' residence in the cit3", established an enviable character among the public spirited and culti¬ vated citizens of the count3", he left the country, in the earl3' sixties, l)ut still lives in the suburbs of the capital city of the nation, and, in a vigorotis old age, counts, among the cherished memories of an active life, the 2)ioneer da3's which he passed in Minnesota. He was horn in the town of Hollis, Hillsborongh Connt3', New Hanip.

shire, Februarj^ 22, 1812. His parents, Benjamin and Abigail (Holt) Messer, were both natives of Hollis; the for¬ mer of Scotch, and the latter of Eng¬ lish ancestr}".

Mr. Messer learned the cabinet mak¬ er's trade, and also that of a painter. He was a fine musician, and, at an early period in his life, taught vocal music, in the towns of northern New England. In 1840, he married Miss Mary Burt Holt, a daughter of Rev. Fifield Holt, a Congregational minis¬ ter, at Bloomfield, now a part of Skowhegan, Maine. His two children were born in Maine - the elder, Edmund Clarence, in Bloomfield, February 18, 1842, and Mar^'- (Janette), in New Shar¬ on, August 28, 1849. The}" came to Min nesota, with their parents, in 1852, and the son was" one of the voluneers who served in the famous First Minnesota Infantr}", in the war of the Rebellion. He was discharged from the service for disability, being thought to have consumption, but still lives, in good health, and is an artist in Washing¬ ton, D. C. He married the eldest daughter of John W. North.

Soon after his arrival in St. Anthon}", in the fall of 1852, Mr. Messer was engaged as a teacher of vocal music. Old residents recall, with de¬ light, a vocal concert, which he con¬ ducted in the old First Baptist Church, on Nicollet Street, in 1854. He also opened a shop for carrjdng on his trade as a cabinet maker. His excel¬ lent qualities, high character, and in¬ dustrious habits, soon pointed him out as a fit man for public employ¬ ment. The following year he was elected, on the Democratic ticket, one of the Assessors of Hennepin Count}". The same year, he was named as a member of the Executive Committee of the Hennepin County Bible Society,

About this time, he took a pre-emp¬ tion claim in the town of Champlin, opposite thewillage of Anoka, where he huilt a house, but did not lonar reside in it. For the next year, his cab¬ inet shop was enumerated among the industrial establishments of St. An¬ thony. At the fall election of 1854, he was nominated for Sheriff of Henne¬ pin County, on the Democratic ticket, and was elected; his competitor being A.N. Hoyt, the Wliig nominee. He was the second Sheriff of Hennepin County, his only predecessor having been Isaac Brown. The duties of the office were not ornerous. In addition to summon¬ ing juries and attending the term of court, the chief occupation of the Sher¬ iff was the collection of taxes.

It was during this year, that Mr. Messer served upon a committee of citizens, to select and purchase a site for a cemetery. The ground chosen was a pretty plot, far out upon the western bluff; remote, it was then thought, from the encroachments of urban growth. It was on the farm of J. S. Johnson, about where Clifton Avenue now rises to its summit, among the beautiful houses of that part of the city.

Mr. Messer joined a party for the ex¬ ploration of the county westward of Minneapolis, in the fall of 1855. It was undertaken to escort the Hutchin¬ son brothers, who had wandered from among the mountains of New Hamp¬ shire, delighting the country with their homely and pathetic minstrelsy. Delighted with the hearty hospitality which they received, and enchanted with tile country, so beautiful, in its pristine wildness, under the warm sun, and resplendent with the glowing tints of November, they conceived a plan for bringing a colony from New Hampshii'e, to settle upon the virgin lands, and raise np in the wilderness an arcadian village, where moral and social forms shonld have free growth. The party joiirnej^ed Iw wa^' of Shakopee, where the Hutchinsons gave an impromptu concert, through the woods where theA" camped around a blazing camp fire, across the prairie to the valley of the Hasson, where the brothers selected their home, and jilanted the first stakes of the village of Hutchinson. The casual associa¬ tions with these kindred sons of New Hampshire, the mingling of soul kindled into ecstac}', h}' the sweet attraction of song and sentiment, the fascination of founding a social Eden in the wilderness, beguiled the Messers from the life which the3' had under¬ taken, with such promise of success, at Minneapolis, to become pioneers, and they removed to the new town. Mrs. Messer was the first white woman to set her foot upon the soil. Among the rules adopted, was one giving to women equal rights with men, and the suffrage, and another, excluding the traffic in intoxicating liquors.

The Republican party was soon or¬ ganized, and Mr. Messer was one of the first to give it his allegiance. At the organization of the State govern¬ ment, in 1857, he was chosen a deleate to the constitutional convention, irom McLeod County, and participated in the formation of the State constitu¬ tion. After a short residence on the frontier, the romance of the life had sulisided into the monotony of a toilsome and isolated life. The Indian outbreak desolated the infant settlement, and drove the families fr' ti their beautiful homes. The war of the Rebellion took the only son of the Messer family into the ranks of the defenders of the Union. They did not return to their frontier home, but.

with re-established health, Mr. Messer soxight elsewhere, in more populous communities, emplo3mient, where his musical talent could be made useful, and serviceable, in procuring a liveli¬ hood. After 3"ears of desultor3" life, in the West, he settled in Washing¬ ton, D. C., where he has had emplo3'- ment in clerical service, xinder the government. He liasj a residence in the beautiful suhurl) of Anacostia Heights. There Mrs. Messer passed into rest, on the 10th of April, 1892, leaving her hus.band, now in his eight3''-second 3"ear, a vigorous and hale old man. A few 3"ears since, he paid a visit to the scenes of his wild life, in Minneapolis, and enjoyed unallo3"ed pleasure in meeting the friends of earl3' da3"s, and exchanging greet¬ ings, and reviving memories of pion¬ eer life in town and countr3'.

James H. Bradish. Early in colonial times, a famil3^ b3^ the name of Bradish, came to Massachusetts, settling in Winchendon, and from this famil3' have sprung all bearing the name of Bradish, in the L^nited States. Among these are man3' who have become well known, and some distinguished, in¬ cluding Luther Bradish, Lieutenant- Governor, and, for a long time. Presi¬ dent of the. New York Historical Societ3q Alvah Bradish, potrait painter, and professor in the Michigan Universit3", at Ann Arbor; Joseph Bradish, of Montpelier, Vermont, and James and Joshua Bradish, of Wetherfield, Vermont.

James H. Bradish was horn in Cabot, Caledonia County, \^ermont, Jul3'^ 30, 1840. C3''rus Bradish, his father, was born in Haverhill, New Hampshire, in 1814. His mother, Hannah (Batchelder) Bradish, was born in the same place, in 1815, and died, in June, 1887. Soon 'after their marriage, Cyrus Bradish and his wife moved to Cabot, Vermont, and there engaged in farming. Their children, six in number, were; Albert B., George C., Mary J., Cyrus, Jr., James H., and Ethan A. Bradish. The family con¬ tinued to reside at Cabot, Vermont, until 1859, when Albert, George, Mary, and Cyrus, Jr., came West, locating at Menasha, Wisconsin, and were fol¬ lowed b}^ James H., in Februar}^, 1862, he being then sixteen years of age. Here our subject first secured work, in a pail factory, at Menasha, continuing until September, 1862, at which time Compan3^ I, of the Twent3"-first Wis¬ consin Volunteer Infantr3^, was formed, principally from residents of Menasha. Four brothers enlisted in this compan3^ Albert, as Orderly Ser¬ geant; C3^rus, as Sergeant; George, as ' a Private, and James H., Captain's Clerk.

On the 8th of October, 1862, at the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, C3^rus was killed, the Captain of the com¬ pany taken prisoner, and, as a conse¬ quence, James H. lost his position, as clerk. Wishing still to serve his country, in that great struggle for national sovereignty, although but a boy, he offered himself as a Private, in Compan3^ I, but was refused on account of his age. Failing to enlist, he returned to his home, at Menasha, remaining until the following fall. Still being desirous of becoming a soldier, he made application, and was accejited, as a member of his old com¬ pany, near the close of 1863. He was then engaged, in active service, until August 30, 1865, when he was mus¬ tered out. He received a wound, at Reseca, Georgia, May 14, 1864, which caused a two weeks' absence from his regiment, when he rejoined his com¬ pany, and was in the most active ser¬ vice, of the Atlanta campaign, and that notable march to the sea. Compan3^ I went into the campaign with twent3^-seven men, and, in its battles, lost fourteen, killed and wounded, leaving but thirteen able bodied sur¬ vivors.

In Fove's "Wisconsin in the War,'^ it is referred to in its battle at Reseca, Georgia, as follows: "The regiment was all worn out, by General Sher¬ man's flank movements through Sen¬ eca Creek Gap, to Reseca, the day and night before. On the morning of Ma3'' 14th, their position was in the front line. At ten o'clock, in the morning, they were ordered across an open field, to assault the rebel works, but, being without support, they were unable to gain the retrenchments, but estab¬ lished themselves close to the euem3", from which position they kept up a spirited fire until relieved in the evening.''

Mr. Bradish entered Ripon College, at Ripon, Wisconsin, September 12, 1865, and, after a six years' course, he was graduated, from that college, in 1871, with the degree of B. A. He then entered Columbia College Faw School, in New York City, and there remained two years, graduating, in 1873, with the degree of F. F. B., and, shortly after, began the practice of law, at Ripon, Wisconsin.

October 1st, 1874, Mr. Bradish mar¬ ried a college class-mate. Miss Sarah E. Powers, daughter of Moses H. and Angeline E. Powers, of Green Fake, Wisconsin. The latter's maiden name was Swan, and both the Powers and Swan families, were earl3^ settlers in Oneida Count3", New York, and were both well known in that locality. Mrs. Bradish graduated, in the classical course, at Ripon College. She is a woman of culture and refinement, and has, in every way, proven herself a worth}' helpmate. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hradish, Bertha, March 28th, 1876, and Herman, December 29th, 1877, each of whom are industrious and painstak¬ ing-, in their efforts to secure an edu¬ cation. Tn the fall of 1875, Mr. Bradish came to Minneapolis, and at once be¬ gan the practice of law, associated with Hon. C. M. Pond, now (1893), fudge of the District Court, of Hen¬ nepin County. He has continued the practice, at Minneapolis, since then and has shown himself to be an in¬ dustrious, able and competent lawyer. With the foundation, ac(|uired at the Columbia Law School, he has built for himself a large and lucrative practice. He has diligently, and per¬ sistently, attended to his work, being engaged from time to time, in litiga¬ tion of considerable importance. In the spring of 1892, he was appointed Assistant (feneral Solicitor, of the M inneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway Compau}', at Minne¬ apolis, which position he still retains.

fn politics, Mr. Bradish has always been an active working Republican. In the fall of 1888, by a ver}' large vote, he was elected Alderman of the Ninth Ward, of Minneapolis, and was re¬ elected, for a term of foiir years, after a most vigorous contest, in 1892. Since Mr. Bratlish's election to the City Council, he has been energetic and faithful to the interest of the city and his constituents.

Mr. Bradish, as chairman of the Ordinance Committee, to whom the matter of granting a new street rail¬ way franchise to foreign capitalists was referred (see p. 339, vol. 1, of this work), proved an able and valuable assistant to the cit}', and secured for it many advantages and improve¬ ments, which were imposed upon the old company b}' the Council resoltition, among which were: That they should pay to the cit}^ an annual tax of twenty-five dollars per car; that they should grant transfers from one line to another, which were not pro¬ vided for in the old ordinance; and that they shotjld make a number of extensions, and establish several entirel}' new lines. In this contest, no one did more than Mr. Bradish to pro¬ tect the city's interest, and Minneap¬ olis secured the best street car service of any city in the world.

Another matter in which Mr. Brad¬ ish has jnanifested a large degree of interest, and which is in an entirel}' different direction, is that of the Pa¬ trol Limits. Limits, within which licpior could be sold within the city, were fixed b}' the Legislature of 1887, and have since been known as the Patrol Limits. Attempts to extend, or blot out the Patrol Limits, alto¬ gether, have been vigorously and successfull}' fought by Mr. Bradish.

The City Council, in 1889, passed an ordinance providing for summar}' prosecutions in the Municipal Court, prohibiting the sale of licpior on Sunda}', to minors and drunkards, and thereby keep the business under reasonal)le and proper regulation. Mr. Bradish is entitled to mnch credit for the retention of the ordinance up to the present time. While, by no means, an extremist on the licjuor question, he has, by his arguments, before the Council, at different times, shown his thorough belief in the importance of thorough regulation of the saloon.

Mr. Bradish has secured many imj)rovements for the ward he repre¬ sents, although it forms a new part of the city. A number of miles of water main, sewer, paving and sidewalk, be¬ sides street grading, and the opening and widening of streets, are among the improvements made since his elec¬ tion to the Council. Much credit is also due to Mr. Bradish for the open¬ ing and widening of Central Avenue, placing thereon the car line, and mak¬ ing the present beautiful street.

Probabl}^ Mr. Bradish's greatest achievement was in securing the bridging of the Great Northern tracks at street crossings, on the East Side, and paving the way to the ultimate bridging of all railway crossings. His election to the Park Board, in Janu¬ ary, 1891, by virtue of his position as Chairman of the Council Committe on Roads and Bridges, placed him in a place to secure improvements for the Moulton Park, and also the Min¬ nehaha Boulevard, being a member of the committee having the latter in charge.

The characteristics whicli have made Mr. Bradish successful as a man, lawyer and politician, are, principall}^ integrity, energy and tact. His word, when given, can be most implicitly depended upon; he is outspoken in his opinions, and there is never any mistake about his position, as he states it frankly and unequivocall}". Having espoused the cause of a client or a friend, he energetically pursues it, until its determination. He is pow¬ erful in debate, clear sighted and log¬ ical, and with these, he combines an unusual power in the use of sarcasm and irony.

education, and the succeeding j^ears that must come to those who have chosen the law for a profession; cast their lot wi'th those students of justice who pass out from our colleges by the hundred, year by year, and have carefully lain the foundation for their future success; building there¬ on the strong and ornate superstruc¬ ture, which has marked them as suc¬ cessful men, is George E. Matchan, Secretary of the Standard Gold Min¬ ing and Milling Company, of Hillsboro, New Mexico, with their main office in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

He was born in Bilton, York Shire, England, Februarj^ 3, 1853. His par¬ ents, George W. and Mar}^ A. (Shields) Matchan, came to America in 1857, landing at Quebec, Canada, after a voyage of seven weeks at sea, and here the}^ lived for seven 3^ears. The}^ then removed to Milwaukee, Wis¬ consin, and resided there one 3"ear. In the fall of 1865, the3" came to Min¬ nesota, and settled on a farm in Goodhue Count3^ at Zumbrota. Here he received his education, in the tradi¬ tional "log school house," attending onl3" in winter, and graduating at the a2:e of sixteen. He then went to Red Wing, and told the Count3^ Superin¬ tendent that he wanted a certificate to teach school, and, upon a little study, passed an examination, and received a third grade certificate. He taught school, in the winter of 1869-70, at twent3^ dollars per month, and paid ten dollars per month for his board. Many of his scholars were farther ad¬ vanced than he, and he was obliged to study nights to keep up with his school. He continued teaching until 1872, \irhen he went to Lake City, Min¬ nesota, and studied law for a year and a half, with Brown and Stocker. He then entered the law department of the L7iiversit3" of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. Here he studied hard, and attained success, but, when within three months of graduating, he was obliged to leave the University', on ac¬ count of the failure of his health, and also his money'. Keturning to Minne¬ sota, he was admitted to the bar, at Red Wing, in 1874. The next y ear was passed at his father's home, at Zumhrota, and here he was married, in January, 1875, to Mary' K. Do.xey', old¬ est daughter of William Doxev, of Zunibrota. Returning to Lake City', he entered the old office of Brown and Stocker, under the firm name of Brown, Stocker and Matchan, and afterwards, for five y'ears, as Stocker and Matchan. He served as County' Attorney, from 1878 to 1880, succeeding that bright attorney', W. J. Hahn. It was while serving as County' Attorney', that Mr. Matchan discovered that he was not y'et a citizen of the United States, owing to the fact that his father had never taken out his second papers. He at once went to the judge, and was sworn in to full citizenship. Next came the awful fires, which are a part of the history' of Minnesota. The First National Bank, over which their offices were located, was burned to the ground, and the second, if not the first, law library in the State was destroy'ed. The bank was rebuilt, and their offices refurnished, hut, in a short time, came the great fire, which swept the entire husitiess portion of Lake City' fix ni existence. Nearly' all the business men, at that time, lost faith in the future of the city, and Stocker and Matchan were among the many who came to Minneapolis. They' located here in May, 1882, jnst in time to he in the wake of those gigantic strides made by Minneapolis in 1883, which were almost un])aralleled in her history'. This gave them an oj)- portunity' of making fine investments in her real estate, and Mr. Matchan was among those who reaped large rewards. He has continued, since 1882, in the practice of law and real estate in this city'. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. >Iatcban, namely': Glenn Robert, age eighteen ; Floy'd Cary', age fifteen, and Grace E., age ten.

Geokge C. Meekiel, who, for the past ten years, or more, has been re¬ cognized as one of the enterprising business men of Minnea])olis, atid whose business as an abstracter of real estate titles, has brought him into familiar business relations, not only' with the people of Minneapolis, but of Hennepin Countv, was born in Man¬ chester, Illinois, June 22, 1850. When three y'ears old, his parents removed to Chicago, where he was educated in the common schools of that city', and at the Chicago University'.

At twenty' y'ears of age, he began his business life, as clerk for the Re¬ public Life Insurance Company'. Pos¬ sessing an unusual fondness for inatbematics, he gave himself to the study' of the principles upon which life in¬ surance is based, viz: the mortuary' records, with the expectation of life based on those records. His j)roficiency in this line of investigation was such, that he was placed in charge of the actuarial <lepartnient of the com- [)any, which ])osition he continued to fill until 1875; when the business of the R'epnblic I.rife Insurance Conij)any', was merged with that of the National Life Insurance Company. Mr. Merrill continued in the act nary' department of the Consolidated Conn)any' until 1882, when he removed to Minneapolis. Soon after his advent in the city, he purchased the abstract plant of Charles Robinson, and associated with him¬ self Mr. Albee, under the firm name of Merrill and Albee. In 1886, the firm was dissolved, and Mr. Merrill continued the business under his own name.

Heretofore, the most primitive meth¬ ods of abstracting had obtained in Minneapolis, and Mr. Merrill resolved to compile a plant second to none.

A large corps of clerks was set at work, and six ^'^ears witnessed the completion of a set of abstract books that, for accuracy and comprehensive¬ ness, cannot be excelled. The Chicago S3"stem was largely followed, but elab¬ orated in many particulars.

The magnitude of the undertaking cannot be appreciated b3' one not familiar with title searching, but, when we consider that there are more than one hundred thousand separate parcels of real estate iti Hennepin County, and that the books contain a condensed histor3^ of each one, from government ownership to date, some idea of its extetit is realized.

A s3^nopsis of ever3^ instrument ever filed in the registry office is so entered that, at a glance, the ownership of, or encumbrance upon, an3^ piece of 'realty, is readil3^ determined.

In 1892, the plant was capitalized, the Merrill Abstract Compan3^ incor¬ porated, and Mr. Merrill chosen its president, which position he still fills.

Mr. Merrill was married to Miss M. Alice Swindler, of Magnolia, Ill., Oct. 13, 1875. The fruit of this union has been one son and one daughter.