Minneapolis City (part 47 of 80)

William AI. Bari'ows the oldest of a familv of ten children, was born at Au¬ gusta, Alaine, September 1st, 1880. His parents, Alicah and Judith (Smart) Barrows, both natives of Alaine, removed while he was r-et a child to Orono. Thev were in humble circumstances, the father tilling the soil and working in the woods. There and at other towns on the Penob¬ scot William was brought up and enured to the woodman's craft. Here he con¬ tinued to reside until twent3'-six 3'earsof age, working in the camps during win¬ ters and driving the stream in the spring and summer. In the summer of 1855 he took a wife, who was Nanc3' Fernold. Having put in a winter's work in the woods and losing the greater ])art of his wages, in the fall of the following vear he left Old Town, which was then his home, and came to St. Anthony, where his brother, F. C. Barrows, had preced¬ ed him. Here he took up the same occu¬ pation to which he was trained in his native state, and for seven years worked in the pineries and drove logs on the river. These years were fidl of hard work, and marked 63^ the usual vicissi¬ tudes which attend the life of the woods¬ man.

Quitting the woods in 1863 he put teams on the road, and engaged in haul¬ ing freight between St. Paul and St. y\nthony for about two years. The ad¬ vent of the railroad between these points about that time interfered with the freighting business, and Mr. Barrows re¬ turned to lumber. This time he started in the business of manufacturing and yarding. At first the firm was Barrows and Spafford, then he conducted it with Joseph Dean for a year, then in compan3^ with Andrew Hall for a year. In the fall of the 3"ear 1869 the firm of Bai'rows Brothers was formed, composed of W. M. and F. C. Barrows. Ten years later O. C. Merriman, J. S. and L. M. Lane were admitted to the firm. Four years since the Barrows brothers and Capt. Merri¬ man incorporated the business under the style of Merriman, Barrows Company. It is one of the leading firms in the trade. The3" own their own timbered land, cut, bank and drive their logs, saw them at their own mill, and sell the product sort¬ ed, dried and planed, if need be, from their own yards. To this is added a box factory, for all kinds of packing boxes, now in large demand.

Mr. Barrows has been active in the political and social life of the city. His residence is in the Second ward of the present city, the heart of old St. Anthony. He has been Republican in politics, a member of the Masonic Fraternit3', in which he has taken the highest degrees, and a liberal supporter of the Methodist Church, to which Mrs. Barrows belongs, and of the Unitarians, which he favors. He was chosen to represent the Second ward in the City Council for two tei'ms, serving as alderman from 1880 to 1885. This was an important period in the de¬ velopment of the city. The late A. C. Rand was ma3"or. Mr. Barrows was chairman of the standing committee on water works, and a member of several other important committees. He was a diligent, attentive and most useful mem¬ ber, giving much time and thought to the public interests. He was succeeded in the office by his brother, F. C. Barrows, so that for nearly twelve 3^ears in the most important period of the city's history the Bai'rows brothers have had an important share in the legislation of the city.

The family residence has been for more than twent3"-three years at the corner of Seventh street and Second avenue south¬ east. The children surviving are three sons and one daughter, all grown up. Two children died in early life.

David Marston Clough. The hivStor3' of our country, especially in the West, presents numerous examples of self made men. They are found in the professions, in business, and in official positions. No where has the abundent opportunities offered by a progressive comniunit3' brought to light more con¬ spicuous examples ofyoungmen endowed with vigor, self-respect and ambition, rising from humble positions to wealth and distinction b3' the powers of integ¬ rity' of character and industry, than in our own city.

The lumbering industr3' has been pro¬ lific of such examples, and among the active men who have followed the busi¬ ness from the logging camp to the saw mill and the lumber yard, the life of no one lias been more remarkable than that of the successful man whose career is under consideration. The circumstances of his earl3" life were in no wa\' inspiring nor stimidating unless the necessity' of working his own wa^" afforded such a stimulus. Neither scholastic opportunit3^ nor worldl3r wealth, nor influential friends offered him an3" aid. The necessit3" of self reliance and personal labor was the only resource which was afforded to his 3'outhful mind.

D. M. Clough was the fourth of a family of fourteen sons and daughters born to Elbridge G. and Sarah (Brown) Clough, who had their humble home in the town of L3mie, Graften Count3', New Hampshire. Of this famil3' ten grew up and are still living. David M. was born Dec. 27, 1846. When he was nine 3'ears old the family removed to Waupacca, Wisconsin and on the 4th of Jul3% 1857, when he was a little more than ten 3'ears, again removed to Spencer Brook, Isanti Count3', Minn., to which place the famih" and effects were brought by an ox team. This was on the extreme frontier of settlement toward the lum¬ bering region of Rum river, and was a wild and rough region. The father took a claim and with the aid of the bo3's built a cabin, grubbed out a clearing and opened a farm . What subsistence the land did not 3deld was earned b3' labor about the lumbering business. The father took contracts to log, and the bo3's working on the fann summers, went into the woods and worked for their father winters. There was no school at which the3' might attend and no time to spare had there been one. Life was a round of hard work. At fifteen Daniel did a man's work. He was stir¬ ring befoi'e the sun appeared, and when it set he was still bus3' about his un¬ finished work. At sixteen he drove a six-ox team in the woods, and at seven¬ teen went on the drive and eanied a a man's wages. He then got work in the saw mills at Minneapolis through the summers, and went to the woods either for his father or for wages for his benefit until he was twent3\ At this age it was his father's practice to give the bo3'S their time. He had no other en¬ dowment to bestow, and thus a 3'ear's time from his minorit3' was the sole petrimon3' which the 3'oung man re¬ ceived. But he had endowments better than wealth, in a vigorous constitution, steady habits, abilit3' and disposition to work, and an ambition to make the best use of his powers. He was engaged to work for H. F. Brown 133- the month and continued for four 3'ears in his emplo3mient, working in the woods, haul¬ ing logs during the winter, on the drive in the spring and putting up hay and building camps through the summers. Alean while he married April 4th, 1867, taking for his wife Miss Addie Baker, an intimate of his bo3diood at Spencer Brook. The 3'Oung couple commenced life together making their home in the little settlement where the3" had been brought up, with no worldly possessions and dowered onh' with resolute hands and loving hearts.

When theemplovment with Air. Brown terminated. Air. Clough with his brother Gilbert commenced lumbei'ing for them¬ selves. Thev lived at Spencer Brook, and took contracts for cutting and hauling logs in the adjacent pineries. This was continued for two 3'ears, when in 1862 the3' removed to this city. Air. D. M. Clough taking up his resi¬ dence on the East Side, of which he has ever since been a resident. The3' still continued the logging for several years, when thev commenced manufacturing lumber. TIkw at first hii'cd their logs sawed, o])ening a lumber yard for the disposition of the lumber. Eater they

Iniilt a saw mill of their own, on the east river bank, on ripper Main street. The Clough Brothers beeanie one of the substantial lumber firms at the falls, owning their own timber, eutting and driving their own logs, and sawing and selling their own lumber. Their annual product has averaged in latter years about 15,000,000 feet. Mr. Gilbert Clough died about three years ago, since which Mr. D. M. Clough has pros¬ ecuted the business alone, or with the assistance of younger brothers.

Although his father died man}^ year's ago, Mr. Clough has retained the farm on which his boyhood was spent. He has added to it by purchase, so that it now embraces 640 acres of land. The cabin has given place to a convenient farm house, and a fine stock and farm barn has been erected. The land has been cultivated and enriched, so that the Spencer Brook farm is among the best in the State. It is largeh^ devoted to stock, Mr. Clough having a herd of thoroughbred shorthorns as well as Clydesdale horses. Perhaps it was the I'eputation of this farm, no less than his energetic c[nalities and popular manners that caused its proprietor to be elected in 1891, president of the State Agricul¬ tural Society'. For the first time in the historr" of the societ3", at the close of his administration, it was out of debt, the increased expenses of its annual fair paid, and a lai'ge surplus in the treasury.

The qualities which bring success in the conduct of private business, espec¬ ially if they show administrative abilit}', are pretty sure to be recognized by the community in calling them into the IDublic service. Mr. Clough could not escape this call of duty, though his private affairs wei'e sufficient to engage his time and thoughts. In the spring of 1885 he was chosen to represent the ward of his residence - the populous and wealthy Second ward - in the City Coun¬ cil for a term of three years. During the second \'ear of the term he was chosen president of the Council. At the same time he was elected to represent the dis¬ trict of East Minneapolis, and Isanti and Sherburn counties in the State Sen¬ ate. This office was held for four 3'ears, and only expired in 1890.

In both City Council and State Sen¬ ate, Mr. Clough held numerous importent committee appointments, especially upon the finance committees of both and in the latter on the important rail¬ road committee. His name is connected with one measure of practical bene¬ ficence, which entitles his service in both city and state government to be remem¬ bered with gratitude. It was the "Pa¬ trol LimitSystem" socalled. The credit of organizing the plan is ascribed to Capt. J. N. Cross, at that time City Attornej'. Its chieffeature is in prescribing a district within thecentraland business portion of the cit^q readilj^ and constanth" patroled by the police, within which alone licensed places for the sale of spirits can be located. This leaves the entire residence portion of the citr^ free from saloons - its unpleasant sur¬ roundings and demoralizing influence. No sooner was it proposed, than Mr. Clough brought all his influence to bear in the Council for its adoption. Not only so, but wdien an insidious attempt was made in the Legislature, to take the power of continuing it from the CiH Council, he was the means of exposing and defeating the attempt. The patrol limit system is deemed by many the wisest measure in aid of practical tem¬ perance, in the present state of public sentiment, that has been devised.

For four successive years Mr. Clough was a member' of the Republican State Central Committee. He is at the pres¬ ent time, (August 1892), the nominee of

In more private positions he has held and still holds impoi'tant trusts, such as the vice presidency of the Bank of Min¬ neapolis, a director in the Commercial Bank, and a member of, and except the first year, the president of the Commis¬ sion appointed to build the new Court House and City Hall.

The family are attached to the First Congregational Church of Minneapolis, of which society Mr. Clough has for many 3'ears been a trustee, as a colleague of Gov. Pillsbur3^ He belongs to the Masonic fraternit3', in which he has taken thirt3'--two degrees. The residenee is at the corner of Tenth avenue and Sixth street, southeast Minneapolis - a a home of beaut3^ and comfort in strong contrast with the humble cabin in which his boyhood was passed.

Mr. Clough, at the age of forty-six, is at the mafurit3" of his powers. What¬ ever success he has alread3^ attained, is due to a vigorous constitution, integrity of character, and patient industr3'. With cordial and unassuming manners, he at¬ taches friends, and though in the midst of business and politieal competition, makes no enemies. The same qualities that have raised him from obscurity to eminence in the communitv and state, ma3" yet carry him to still higher honors.

John S. McDonald, the president and general manager of the Minneapolis Threshing Machine Compan3', has been a resident of Minneapolis for only five years but has in that time conti'ibuted more to the advaneement of the cit3^'s manufacturing interests than a less able and energetic man might have done in a life time. Mr. McDonald was born in Glengarry, Canada, on December 7th, 1831. From his father, Donald Mc¬ Donald, a Glengarr3' lumberman, he evidently inherited a love for handling woods, for he has been engaged in man¬ ufacturing lumber and its products most of his life.

His schooling was obtained at Glengarr3' and his first business was as clerk in a countiw store. At the age of six¬ teen he entered the employ of William Flower, a railroad contractor, but after a few 3'ears came west and in 1856 be¬ gan the business of sawing lumber at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Since that time Mr. McDonald has been identified with all branches of the lumber business as well as with mining and smelting. In the main his enterprises have been suc¬ cessful but none have surpassed in prosperit3' the business which brought him to Minneapolis. Mr. McDonald in 1877 purchased the Fond du Lac Threshing Machine works. In 1887 the plant was removed to Minneapolis as a result of negotiations which had led to the or¬ ganization of the Minneapolis Threshing Machine Compan3' with a capital of $250,000. A number of prominent Alinneapolis capitalists were interested, extensive buildings were erected at the suburb of Hopkins and sixty separators were turned out during the first year. The success was quite phenominal. In the second 3'ear three hundred machines were built and for the season of 1892 nearly six hundred. Three 3'ears ago the concern began the manufacture of thresher engines and though three hun¬ dred were made for 1892, the demand was such that one hundred were bought from outside manufacturers to fill orders. From the beginning the company has not been able to keej) pace with the de¬ mand for its product. The capital has been doubled and for 1893 extensions will be made and the outjDut increavSed one-third. The signal success of the en¬ terprise has been most gratifying to Mr. McDonald who had devoted his whole energies to the business.

Mr. McDonald was married in 1861 to Miss Jane E. Flower, daughter of his former employer and later business associate. They have had seven chil¬ dren, six of whom are living. In per¬ sonal appearance Mr. McDonald is spare, tall, slightly gray, but active and vigorous and appearing younger than he is. A thoroughly approachable man, enthusiastic, warm-hearted, sound in principle and in practice, with an abundant supply of restless energy - these are some of the characteristics which have contributed to his success in life.

James S. Bell, the president of the great milling corporation of the Washburn-Crosby Company, is a recent resident of Minneapolis. At the time of the death of the late John Crosby he was a resident of Philadelphia, where as a member of the flour commission house of Samuel Bell & Sons, he was the agent for the sale of the product of the great Washburn mills in Pennsylvania. He was called in 1888 to take the place of Mr. Crosby in the firm, and was a mem¬ ber of the firm of Washbnrn, Martin & Co., which for a time conducted the business. The present Washburn-Cros¬ by Corporation was organized in Seirtember, 1889, and Mr. Bell was chosen its president, and has held the important and responsible position since that time. The Washburn-Crosbj' Company oper¬ ates the Washburn A, B and C mills, having a combined capacity of 10,000 barrels of flour per day. Its capital is $500,000 and its product approaches 3,000,000 barrels of flour per year. It buys and grinds from twelve to fifteen millionbushels of wheat per year. Their brands of flour are not only a favorite in the American market, btit are largely exported and used in the British Islands and on the continent.

It is no dispai'agement to the other milling corporations of Minneapolis - the greatest in the world - to say that none is managed with greater enterprise, skill and intelligence than the Wasburn- Crosby Company. In its departments of buying wheat, manufacturing and distribution of flour many persons are employed having especial qualifications and experience; but the general manage¬ ment of the whole complicated business devolves on the president. It requires not only minute knowledge of the in¬ fluences which affect the trade, the closest attention to all the varying de¬ tails of manufacture, but also the most accurate comprehension of the elements which affect prices, and boldness and promptness in 'the investment of large sums of money. In all these respects, and indeed all that concern the execu¬ tive control, the Washburn-Crosby Com¬ pany has had a most successful manage¬ ment.

He was born in the city of Philadel¬ phia on the 30th of June, 1847. His father, Samuel Bell, had been a miller at Chestnut Hill in Philadelphia, and estab¬ lished a flour commission business in 1837, which still continues. The family was of Irish origin and Quaker attach¬ ment. Mr. J. S. Bell being of the fifth generation from the original American settler of the family.

His education was in the public schools of his native city, terminating with two years in th'e high school at the age of sixteen yeai's. After leaving school he entered his father's office as office boy, and passed through all grades of employment until he entered the firm as a partner in 1868. For the next twenty' years he was a member of the firm of Samuel Bell &Sons. They had an ex¬ tensive business, not only in the do¬ mestic sale of flour, but also in the ex¬ port trade with Europe, South America and the West India Islands.

It was from such a training in the lloxir trade, with a hereditar}' bias for milling, that Air. Bell brought his ex¬ perience and accumulated capital to Minneapolis and embarked in the condnct of one of the greatest mills in the world.

Mr. Bell married in 1873 Aliss Sallie M. Ford, daughter of Air. Edwin Ford, an extensive manufacturer in Philadel¬ phia. Thex' have one son, James S. Bell, Jr., now aged 13 years. The family resi¬ dence is a pleasant villa at No. 2215 Park avenue.

Besides his milling business in Alinneapolis. Air. Bell is president of the Royal Aiming Companx' of Great Falls, Alontana, a new oi'ganization which bids fair to make Great Falls a milling center in the near future. Air. Bell is also vice-ixresident of the St. Anthony and Dakota Elevator Company, and a director of the St. Anthonx^ Elevator Company, both intimately connected with the milling business. He is also a director in the National Bank of Com¬ merce. In social relations he is one of the managing board of the Alinneapolis Club. The family attend service at the Westminster Presbyterian Church.

The prominence which Air. Bell has attained in his chosen line of business is due to no external aids, other than a faithful devotion to a life of industry and integrit3\ He laid its foundation in 3'ears of careful and conscientious appli¬ cation to the details of business, and has attained to the highest jxosition thi-ough persistent and unwearied industr3', fidelit3' and sound business judg¬ ment.

Charles Jairus AIartin. The grand parents of Charles J. AIartin removed from Connecticut to Western New York at the beginning of the present centur3% taking a farm in Orleans Covmt3% where his father, Dan AIartin, was born and passed his life.

Charles J. AIartin was born in the town of Clarendon, Orleans count3% N.Y., April 1, 1842. His youth was spent in rural occupations upon his father's farm, and in a course of common school and academic education, which was complet¬ ed at the Brockport Collegiate Institute. At the age of twent3'-one he came to Wisconsin and was engaged in clerical work in the executive office of the state, under Governor James T. Lewis. In the spring of 1864 he responded to a sj^ecial call for volunteers Iw enlisting as a pri¬ vate soldier in the Fortieth Regiment of Wisconsin Infantr3L This regiment was assigned to dut3' at Alemphis, Tenn., un¬ der the immediate command of Alajor- General Cadwallader C. Washburn. Though destined to occupy most con¬ fidential relations with his comman¬ der, it does not appear that he was personalh' known to him vintil both re¬ turned to civil life.

At the exj)iration of the term of enlist¬ ment Air. AIartin returned to Wisconsin, where he received the appointment of corresponding clerk in the state treas¬ urer's office, under Treasurers Wm. E. Smith and Henr3^ Baetz. Upon his elec¬ tion as governor of Wisconsin in 1872 Gen. Washburn commissioned Air. Alartin secretar3' and A. 1). C. to the gov¬ ernor.

In 1874 he came to Alinneapolis at the instance of Gov. Washburn to assist in the conduct of his large business inter¬ ests here, with which he has since been closeh' identified, particularh' in the man¬ agement of the flour mills. Upon the or¬ ganization of the milling firm of Wash- burn, Crosby & Co. in 1879, Mr. Martin became one of the partners, and upon the incorporation of that business he was made secretary and treasurer of the corporation, which position he still holds.

Mr. Martin was appointed by Gov. Washburn one of the executors of his will, and in addition to the duties of ad¬ ministrating the large estate, the execu¬ tors were directed to carry on the large milling and lumbering business of the testator for five years after his death. He was also appointed under the will a trustee of the Washburn Memorial Or¬ phan Asylum, and has ever since served as secretary of that beneficent institution.

In addition to these trusts Mr. Martin is secretary and treasurer of the Royal Milling Co., which carries on a flour mill¬ ing business at Great Falls, Mont.; of the St. Anthony Elevator Co., and is a director of the National Bank of Com¬ merce. He is also a member of the Minneapolis Business Men's Union.

While engrossed with business engage¬ ments and fiduciary relations, Mr. Mar¬ tin finds time to indulge his tastes for social amenities, and was a charter memember of the Minneapolis Club.

Mr. Martin married in 1876 Miss Ella F. Sage, daughter of Hon. E. C. Sage, of Wisconsin. Their residence is at at the corner of Tenth street and Sixth avenue south. Both Mr. and Mrs. Mar¬ tin are of social tastes, and are identified with much of the artistic and literary life which in quiet organizations and un¬ pretentious circles does so much to refine and elevate the society of the city.

While of a retiring disposition, at¬ tending assiduously to his varied and responsible engagements, Mr. Martin has attained and holds a position of confidence and esteem in the community, due to a fidelity which the discerning eye of Gen. Washburn early detected.

John Washburn is the eldest surviv¬ ing son of Algernon S. Washburn, who was one of the distinguished sons of Is¬ rael Washburn, and brother of Senator W. D. Washburn. His mother was Anna Moore. He was born atHallowell, Me., August 1st, 1858. His early education was received at the Westbrook Seminary and the Hallowell Classical Academy, where he prepared for college. Entering Bowdoin College he passed through the studies of the first year, but in his soph¬ omore year they were interrupted by the death of his father.

Coming to Minneapolis in the month of February, 1880, he exchanged schol¬ astic studies for the practical education which could be gained in the flouring mill. He took employment in the Wash¬ burn mill, and for a year performed man¬ ual work, after which he was promoted to clerical work, and later was entrusted with buying the wheat supplies for the business. To this important department of the millihg business he has devoted his - attention ever since, familiarizing himself ' with prices, markets, grades and quali¬ ties, and becoming one of the best known, as he is among the most active and alert, of those who are daily found "on change."

In 1887 Mr. Washburn became one of the milling firm of Washburn, Crosby & Co., and continued as a stockholder and director of the corporation of the same name which succeeded to the business of the firm. While a member of the operat¬ ing firm he is also a director and vicepresident of the C. C. Washburn Flouring Mill Co., which controls the mills, water eights, and real estate pertaining to the , business. j

He is also a director of the St. Anth-^j ony and Dakota Elevator Co., and is in-; ! terested in the Royal Milling Co., which! i carries on the flour manufacturing busi-'l ness at Great Falls, Montana. Another* enterprise in which he is interested is the^,

Mr. Washburn married in 1884 IMiss Elizabeth P. Harding, daughter of Rev. H. F. Harding of Hallowed, Ale. On her mother's side Mrs. Washburn is con¬ nected with the O'Brien famih', distin¬ guished in the eivil and militar3' histor\' of Alaine; her great grand-father having commanded a part3' of volunteers who captured a British war ship, whose com¬ mander, soon after the battle of Lexing¬ ton, had imprudenth^ ordered a liberty pole, erected b3" the patriotic citizens of Machias, to be taken down.

Alinneapolis Club, and belongs to the Congregation of the Church of the Redeemer. His business is large and his position responsible, and at the age of thirty -four 3'ears he is in the most active period of the life of a business man. Content in his 3'outh to take up bvisiness life at the foot of the ladder, he has 1)3' industrv and persis¬ tence developed a capacit3' for its diffi¬ cult problems, and has rapidh' climbed the steps of a successful career.

Though he is not a politician, he be¬ longs to the Union League, and is not unmindful of political duties. Neither does he follow the traditions of the distinguished famih' to which he be¬ longs, but in a quiet and unostenta¬ tious way shows himself a stalwart Re¬ publican.

Real Estate And Insurance

The town plat of Minneapolis was surveyed before the lands were entered at the land offiee, so that upon the issu¬ ance of the titles, quarter acre lots were put upon the market. Theyearsof slow growth usuallv required to impart value in town lots, were passed over at a hound. As Venus is fabled to have sprung into mature life from the foam of the sea, Minneapolis lots spi'ang freshly platted from the pre-enq)tion entries of the first settlers. The liveliest trading of the years succeeding 1855, took place in the pioneer real estate offices, and through all the subsequent \'ears dealing in real estate has been among the most prominent business pursuits. Of the one hundred and forty million dollars con¬ stituting the present assessed valuation of property in the city, one hundred and twent}" million consists of real estate. This immense value has come from lands bought in 1855 at one dollar and a quarter per acre. In this appreciation in values during thirty-seven \'ears, many fortunes have been made; and the com¬ missions paid to the real estate dealers amount to a large sum.

& Alendenhall, were most familiar. The first named had a frame one story office at the top of the ascent on the right as one came over the suspension l)ridge. Its windows and walls were covered with signs calling the attention of the passers to the bargains offered. Successors of this firm have ever since been in the business, as Macfarlane & Burd, Whitne}' & McE'arlane, and S. P. Snyder. Messrs. H. B. Hancock, the late Eugene M. Wilson, and R. J. Mendenhall have continued more or less prominently connected with the business. H. T. Welles commenced dealing in Alinneapolis real estate by purchasing an interest in Col. Stevens' pre-emption claim, lying about the Minneapolis terminus of the suspension bridge, and has been among the largest dealers in realty, though mainly on his own account. Delano T. and Melville C. Smith were jn'ominent among the early dealers, but removed after the dullness of the years succeeding the panic of 1857. S. C. and H. A. Hale took u]) the business about the same time, and have made as many transac¬ tions as any other firm. Geo. H. Rust and P'rank Gale have been connected with the Gales for maiu'^ years.

Stevens, Dr. Ames, R. P. Russel, Charles Hoag and Allen Harmon, were sellers of their own property. Others, like F. R. E. Cornell, Isaac Atwater, and George A. Brackett, were engaged in profeissional or business pursuits, making occasional deals in lots; but the firms first named made realty a regular business, acting as agents for others as well as dealing for themselves. From the time the first land entries were made in Alaj^, 1855, to the summer of 1857 the real estate business was brisk. Alan3^ lots along Nicollet and Hennepin avenues, on First street and Washington avenue and at the cor¬ ner of Helen street (Second avenue) and Washington were sold, and others at various desirable points back to Seventh street, which bounded the town plat to

Lots 6 and 7, block 80, Fourth street be¬ tween Nicollet and First avenue south.... 200.00 Lots 1 and 2, bloek 69, Tenth street and Sixth avenue south . 150.00

These lots are all sixty -six feet front l)y one hundred and sixty-five feet deep. Thirtt'-five t-ears have passed, and any of them would sell for five hundred dol¬ lars jier front foot, and some of them for two thousand dollars per front foot.

In June, 1856, Mr. Luther H. Bailey, of Antwerp, N. Y., bought lot 6, block 51, Town of Alinneapolis, for $1,100. This was during the first period of ad¬ vancing values, which was from 1855 to 1857, followed Iw a depi'ession in real estate, so that in 1859 it is quite prob¬ able Mr. Bailey- was not at all sanguine as to theresultof this purchase. Equalh" valuable lots were sold in 1859 for two or three hundred dollars. Happily Mr. Baile3' was a man of deliberate judg¬ ment, and he continued to hold this lot, refusing constantK' advancing offers, until in 1887 he sold it to Air. Judson C. Higgins for $99,000. In the general growth of the citj' this lot became of some rental value for business jjurposes, until in 1870 Air. Bailej" received for ground rent $540 per annum, all the taxes on the lot being also paid Iw the tenants. In 1887 the ground rent had swelled to $3,000 per annum, taxes also l)aid In' tenants. From 1870 to 1887, Mr. Judson C. Higgins, the final i)ui-- chaser, was one of the tenants of this property, and it is believed that at pres¬ ent he has a total income from the propertv of $10,000 per annum and taxes.

The panic of 1857 was not immediatelv felt, but its efteets began to appear during the summer, and, checking emi¬ gration, and arresting the flow of East¬ ern capital for investments, either in loans or lands, soon produced a complete paral^'sis in real estate operations. Onh' such lots as were needed for actual im¬ provements had aiu' biu'crs. Values consequenth' declined, and during the two or three succeeding \'ears a general liquidation took place. Alortgages were foreclosed, and man3' who had placed mone3' on loan, at the enormous current rjites of interest, found themselves own¬ ers of the mortgaged lots and lands.

During the continuance of the war this state of things continued with onlv partial alleviation. AIan3' of the active residents entered the arm3'. The Indian war succeeded, and again put a stop to emigration into thecountry. The public attention was absoi'bed 1)3' the events of the war, and its labors were directed to siqqih'ing the militar3' needs of thecountr v. From the close of the war there be¬ gan a gradual revival of business. There was no activit3', but the population was increasing, and the town began to ex¬ tend. Up to about 1878 this state of things continued, with a healtlu' growth and a steadiness of values. Theassessed valuation of realt3' of that 3'ear was about $16,000,000. From that time a rapid increase set in which has continued prett3' steadih' to the present time. The assessed valuation of cit3' realty has in¬ creased during the period one hundred and five millions of dollars, and the pop¬ ulation has increased quite one hundi'ed and fift3^ thousand. During the first five 3'ears of this period a real estate boom was on. Lots were eagerh' bought on speculation, and anything went. The ])latted area of the cit v was rapidh- en¬ larged. Suburban farms were abandoned and turned into cit3' jflats, and additions extended from Shingle Creek to Minne¬ haha and from the Ramse\' County line to Minnetonka. Real estate offices mul¬ tiplied, agents swarmed everAwvhere, and the fever pervaded the whole population.

For the last five years the activit\^ has subsided, and again liquidation has been in progress. Values have not greatly declined, especially of what is re¬ garded as inside property, for holders of such propert\'have faith in its value, and if able to cariw it will not sacrifice it. But sales occur only as property is re¬ quired for occupation, or improvement, and when so required fair prices are paid for it.

At the present time (spring of 1892), indications point to a renewed activity in city realtj". Population is increasing, manufactures are multiplied, costly im¬ provements arein progress, rapid transit bi'ings the suburbs into c[uick and easy communication with the center, mone3" for investment is accumulating and con¬ fidence in the future is restored, the farm¬ ers are prosperous, and long lines of rail¬ roads I'adiate from this center to the remotest part of the Northwest. This state of things must accelerate the cit3^'s growth and fill up its vacant spaces.

It would be impossible to enumerate the multitude of real estate dealers who have participated in the real estate busi¬ ness since the revival of 1868. Manj' have gone out of business and man3" still remain to share in the new revival. Among the men whose names were familiar at the beginning. Gale ^ Co., Capt. Whitney, John G. McFarlane, H. B. Hancock, and perhaps some others are still in the business. Of those estab¬ lished later, and still prominent, aie Corser & Co., W. A. Barnes & Co., W. H. Lauderdale, Anderson & Douglas, L. F. Menage, J. B. Crooker, Marsh & Bart¬ lett, Chute Bros., Ezra Farnsworth, Jr., W. S.King, H. E. Ladd,P. D. McMillan,

J. C. Reno, Geo. H. Rust, N. R. Thomp¬ son, H. Van Nest, J. A. Wolverton, Nelson Williams, E. B. Ames, David C. Bell, Edward F. L. Blecken, C. A. Bartlett, Willis Baker, Robert Blaisdell, J. L. Beach, F. E. Brewster, Wm. Blakeman, Elviran A. Conrad, E. P. Crooker, Frank Crowell, A. J. Condit, Irving A. Dunsmoor, C. C. Dunn, A. Y. Davidson, C. F. Douglas, E. W. Dana, James T. Elwell, Daniel Elliott, Charles A. Eaton, Tallmadge Elwell, O. K. Earle, J. P. Fitz¬ gerald, George L. Hilt, Daniel W. Jones, Charles C. Jones, David P. Jones, Fred¬ erick G. James, S. B. Karker, Eugene A. Lilh', Frank E. Little, C. P. Lovell, P. D. McMillan, Henr3" C. Morse, James Mc¬ Millan, James E. Merritt, LA. Newell, M. W. Nash, R. L. Pratt, Potter & Thompson, B. L. Perry, E. M. Rmiyan, Charles Ress, Arthur J. Ridgwa3', S. P. Snyder, Chas. P. Sillowa3', I. C. Seele3', J. B. Tabour, J. Clark Taylor, W. B. Tixttle, Nathaniel R. Thompson, Thos. G. Salisbury', Joseph C. Whitney', Chas. W. Weeks. This list is by no means ex¬ haustive, for a multitude of others are more or less engaged in the business.

The firm of Corser & Company', real estate, loan and insurance agents, was established in 1871. The partners were, from 1872 to 1884, Elwood S. Corser and William A. Barnes, and the office of the firm was on Washington Avenue op¬ posite the Nicollet House. In 1884 the firm was reorganized, with Elwood 8. Corser, Lester E. Elwood and Clarkson Lindley' as general partners. Mr. Lindley withdrew in 1887, and the general partners are now Elwood S. Corser and Lester B. Elwood. Austin L. Belknap, a special partner, is in charge of the in¬ surance department, and W. L. Badger, a special partner, in charge of the real estate department. The firm occupied offices in Temple Court, corner of Wash¬ ington and Hennepin avenues, from 1887 to 1890, and since May, 1890, the offi¬ ces of the firm have been in the New York Life Building, corner of Second Avenue South and Fifth Street. During two or more years, from 1884 to 1886, Mr. Jacob Stone was a special partner in charge of the insurance department. Mr. William B. Tuttle has been with the firm sincel881,as confidential manager, and Mr. Tuttle, as well as Mr. Edward B. Nichols, who has been with the firm since 1886 as head book-keeper, have an interest in the profits of the business in addition to salaries paid them.

Mr. Corser came to Minneapolis from Buffalo, N. Y., in 1871, and was born in 1835, near Rochester, N. Y. Mr. Elwood came to Minneapolis in 1875, from Oneida, N. Y., which was his birth place. Mr. Belknaj) is a native of Northfield, Yt.; Mr. Badger, of Wisconsin; Mr. Tut¬ tle, of Elmira, N. Y., and Mr. Nichols, of Connecticut.

During the season of 1892 a real estate exchange has been established, of which the principal dealers are members, which is expected to greatly systematize and facilitate the business. Latterly (season of 1892) several large transac¬ tions have taken place, showing that Minneapolis real estate has a staple value. Among others, a sale at Nicollet and Sixth street brought twenty-two hundred fifty dollars per foot; the Tri¬ bune lot. Fourth street and First avenue south $100,000; a lot at Fourth street and Fourth avenue south one thousand dollars per front foot ; and still another at Seventh street and First avenue south, seven hundred dollars per foot.

Minneapolis has never been conspicu¬ ous in the organization of insurance companies. The agency business has of course been conducted from the beginning of improvements, and the principal do¬ mestic and foreign insurance companies have been represented by agents, some of whom have given exclusive attention to the business. In most cases fire in¬ surance has been connected with real estate or brokerage.

One of the earliest established fire in¬ surance agencies was that of Judge E. B. Ames, which beginning in 1857 still continues under the personal supervision of the proprietor. Gale & Co., Snjaler & McFarlane, and Captain J. C. Whit¬ ney were in the business before the war.

The Minnesota Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Association was organized in Minneapolis in 1865. Its secretary and chief manager was W. A. Nimocks, whose perseverance and unwearied industry overcame man3^ adverse influences and made the company successful. It ti'ansacted an exclusive farm business, and took risks throughout the state and to some extent in adjoining states. Alter Mr. Nimocks' retirement, the manage¬ ment fell into levSS skillful hands and its prosperit}' declined, though alwa^'s sol¬ vent. Its charter has recenth'been made the basis of organization of the Millers' & Manufacturers' Insurance Compau}', which under the management of Mr. C. B. Shove as secretary has attained most satisfactoiw success.

The Syndicate Insurance Company is another Minneapolis company which has gained considerabie success in the fire business. Its capital is $200,000, with an aggregate of assets of $398,554. John DeLaittre is president and treas¬ urer, and Jacob Stone, seeretarv and general manager.

There are two life insurance compa¬ nies in Minneapolis : The Minneai)oHs Mutual Life Insurance Company, of which J. H. Qucal is president and A. A. Cowles is seeretary, has a capital of $125,000 and ci guarantee fund of $100,000.

Statistics show that during the year 1891 there were paid in Minneapolis $1,159,936.14 in fire insurance pre¬ miums. The fire losses during the same period are estimated by the chief of the fire department as $1,156,009.

principal western agencies, and has erected here a costl3^ and magnificent office building at the corner of Second avenue south and Fifth street.

WiLLiAM Augustus Barnes. For a period of a little over twentv A'eai's, Mr. W. A. Barnes has been a citi¬ zen of Minneapolis, engaged in real estate, loans and insurance, and has been not onl}' active and successful in business, but has been one of the most efficient of her main' imhlic spirited citizens in promoting the ma¬ terial prosperity' of the city, as well as in establishing institutions of learning, religion and charity. The beginnings of his life were in Inimlile circumstances, and he grew to manhood through years of severe toil at a mechanical trade, with few opportunities for intellectual improvement. Few men have struggled with sterner resolution, against adverse cireumstances, or practiced self-denial with more firm and steady' jnirjiose to overcome them, or achieved a higher satisfaction in rising bv laborious steps to a ])osition of competency', influence and respect.

The grandfather of Mr. Barnes was a well-to-do farmer, living in Glenhani, Dutchess County, New York, and his grandmother belonged to a family' of Green's, who were from New Eng¬ land. His father, William Barnes, and his mother, a Lee, removed from Dutchess County', N. V., where they were brought 11]) to western New York in 1830. They' were inenibers of the Bap¬ tist church, intelligent and respected in the community', but poor in this world's goods - the father following the occupa¬ tion of operative in woolen mills.

W. A. Barnes was born March 28, 1 840, in the town of Manchester, Ontario County', New York. He was the y oung¬ est of a family' of five children. His earliest recollections were of a hum¬ ble rented home at Factory' Hollow, a little hamlet where was situated a woolen faetory' in which his father was em])loyed. The family removed to Honeyoe Falls, Monroe County, where at the age of eleven the lad was i)ut to work at manual labor in the woolen mills, which lie followed without inter¬ mission until he reached his majority'. A single term at the eommon school comprised the entire scholastic advant¬ age of his life. The ivuliments of learn¬ ing obtained in infancy' at his mother's knee, with hours snatched from the busylabor of his apprenticeship devoted to reading such books as fell in his waygave him the learning, which, improved by' a diligent reading of the best books in later life have given, if not a method¬ ical, at least a com])rehensive education.

At the age of eighteen, dissatisfied with the portion of his earnings which were ap])roi)riated to his apparel, he made an agreement with his father by which he shoidd receive his own wages, ])aying a stipulated sum for his time. The result was a surplus of three dollars at the end of the year, which was loaned upon a promissory note at seven l)er cent, interest. This beginning of accumulation was followed through the remaining years of a busy life, during which expenditui'es have been kept within income, and a suri)lus left over for investment. About this time he was thrown out of work by- the burning of the woolen mill losing a part of his wardrobe. He submitted himself to ex¬ amination and was granted a certificate to teach school. Obtaining a .school in a district adjoining that of his home at thirteen dollai's a month, boarding round. There were six weeks before time to open the school term. He hired out to a neighbor for four weeks husk¬ ing corn, digging ])otatoes and getting in buckwheat, the wages for which, ])aid in ])roduce, furnished a load of potatoes, api)les and buckwheat, which he sent to his parents for their winter's snp])ly'. The remaining two weeks were put in in wheeling dirt to a dam, twelve hours of work for a day's labor, for which he re¬ ceived six dollars and board, a sum which sufficed to replenish his ai)i)arel sufficiently' to make him lu'esentable to his school i)atrons. He taught three months, earning thirty-nine dollars. .\t the close of the term the school ti'easury was em])ty and he was obliged to re¬ turn home without his pay. When he learned that the treasury was in tunds he walked thirty miles to the treas¬ urer, received his money at 9 p. m. and started home. When ten miles on the road he was so exhausted that he was compelled to ask lodging of his old emplox'er, and the next day reached home with his thirty -nine dollars, the fruit of three months labor and a walk of sixt3^ miles to collect it. In reviewing this 3'ear of his life, Mr. Barnes says, "I think I struggled harder that year and the next with hard work, hardship and povert3" than I ever have since."

It was at the age of nineteen that Mr. Barnes made his first real estate venture. It was the purchase of a one and a fourth acre lot in the village of Hone3'oe Falls for $225, pa3mble in four annual install¬ ments. Upon this lot he put up a small house, buying the lumber and obtaining the carpenters on credit; when finished his parents were installed in the house, the first roof of their own that had ever been over their heads, and the3' contin¬ ued to occnjiy it as long as thev were able to live alone.

The bills were paid and the lot con¬ tract canceled out of his earnings, some of which were obtained by working extra time, after the twelve hours that consti¬ tuted a da3"'s labor.

In the spring of 1862 he commenced working on a farm. He was then in his twenty-second year. The war had been in progress nearly a year, and he found himself unable to resist the patriotic ardor which impelled the 3'outh of the country to arms. Yielding to the aj)- peals of the government, he volunteered and was mustered into the service at Rochester, N. Y. in JuUy 1862, and was assigned to Co. D, of the 108th Regiment of New York Infantrv. The regiment joined the arm3' of the Potomac under Gen. McClellan, and partook in its entrenchings, marchings and battles, which the histoiw of the war times exhibits in detail. He was in the decisive battle of Antietam ; and at the battle of Fredericksburgh, he was so seriously wounded that he was sent to the hospital at Point Lookout. As he convalesced he was appointed ward-master of one of the wards in the hospital. Gen. Butler granted him a furlough to attend the military school which had been established at Philadelphia, after which he was ordered to Vv'ashington for examination and was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant and sent to Point Lookout. A commission was made out and forwarded to his regiment, assigning him to dut3' in a regiment of U. S. Colored Troops, then garrisoning Fort Pillow. The commission was suppressed by the officers of his former regiment, thelOStli New York, and never I'eached him. The unworthy act of his comrades saved his life, as the colored regiment to which he had been assigned was, upon thecapture of Fort Pillow 1)3' General Forest, mur¬ dered almost to the last man. A new commission was in due time made out, assigning him to Company D, 24th Reg¬ iment U. S. Colored Troops. Before this regiment had been fully organized, and made read3' for service, Richmond had been evacuated, Lee had surrendered, and the war was over. His regiment was selected to serve as Guard of Honor for the body of President Lincoln on its passage through Philadelphia, after which its officers were detailed for service in the Freedman's Bureau. Lieut. Barnes was stationed at Clarksville, Va., as assistent superintendent of the PYeedman's Bureau. When superseded b3' civil officers he was ordered to Richmond and dis¬ charged. On his return he tarried at Washington and witnessed the Grand

National Review of the Union armies, a sight never to be forgotten, and to be seen only once. At the termination of the war he returned home and engaged in business with his older brother, Alex¬ ander, at Rochester, N. Y., where he re¬ mained two 3'^ears and then sold his in¬ terest in the business to his brother.

While living at Rochester he met Miss Catherine J. Rov'craft, who was a daughter of Joseph Ro3'craft, a farmer living at Ogden, Monroe count3', N. Y., and a sister of the wife of E. S. Corser, now of Minneapolis. Yielding to a mutual attraction, they were married October 3, 1867, at the residence of Mr. Corser in Buffalo, N. Y. The newly married pair proceeded to their new home where he entered again the emplo3'ment of the proprietors of the woolen mill which had been re¬ built. He worked in the mill eight months of each 3'ear and taught school four months. No time was suffered to be idle. The day after work in the mill ceased, school was begun. No holidavs were allowed. Even on Saturda3"S of the school session he chopped cordwood for the neighbors and thus preserved un¬ broken his rule to make income exceed expenditures. This emplo3'ment was continued until he decided to accept an offer from Mr. E. S. Corser to join him in business in Minneapolis.

Mr. Barnes arrived in Minneapolis April 11, 1872, and formed a partner¬ ship with Mr Corser on the first da3' of the following May in the real estate business, to which was added loans and insurance. An office was opened in the First National Bank building opposite the Nicollet House, where the partner¬ ship business was carried on for twelve years, and until it was dissolved 1)3' limi¬ tation.

Barnes, C. W. Sexton, Frank W. Barnes and Heniw F. Wyman, in the same business, and occup3'ing the same office that had so long been the head-quarters of Corser & Co. Having some 3'ears be¬ fore purchased the Barton block on up¬ per Washington avenue, the firm of W. A. Barnes & Co. occupied one of its lower rooms in 1889, where their office has remained to the present time. Thus the business has been carried on for more than twent3' 3'ears, with but one change of location.

At the outset Messrs. Corser and Barnes, believing that in helpingto build up the enterprises, especialh' those of a manufacturingcharacter, of Minneapolis the3' would effectually forward their own interests, determined upon a liberal and enterprising polic3'. They have been most efficient in attracting such establishments and in contributing and assisting to raise such financial assist¬ ance as was needful to secure them. The method adopted was usuall3' to furnish a site, or secure subscriptions of stock in the proposed undertaking. Thus 1)3' the union of mechanical skill and expe¬ rience, with thecapital requisite to carr3' on the business, man3' important manu¬ facturing plants were secured to the cit3', adding to the volume of itsbusiness and diversif3'ing its products and aug¬ menting its population 1)3' the large number of operatives with their families necessar3' to operate them. This in turn furnished new tenants for houses and customers for lots, as well as contribut¬ ing to the general augmentation of values, and thus building up the cit3'.

Among the important establishments which were l)rought here through the personal endeavor of Mr. B.'M'iies, and in almost everv instance bv a liberal subscri])tion 1)3' his firm, are the Northwest¬ ern Stpve Works, the Brush Electric Eight Compaiu', the Minneapolis Threshing

Machine Company, the Swinbnrn Plant¬ ing Company, the Minneapolis Knitting Company, the Minneapolis Plow Works, the Tilden Heater and Closet Company, the Northern Car Company, the Gold and Silver Reduction Works, the Esterly Harvester Company, the T. J. Preese Mercantile Company, and the Minne¬ apolis Glass Company. Of most of these corporations Mr. Barnes is a director, of many of them he is president and of some he is secretary and treasurer. To them all he has contributed not onl^" capital, but much labor and careful oversight.

Besides these business connections he is a director of the Flour City National Bank, with its capital of $1,000,000, and also of the Citizens Bank. He is president of the Realty Company, capi¬ tal $150,000, and of the Real Estate Corporation with the same amount of capital. He was one of the original members of the Business Men's Union, and chairman of its miscellaneous com¬ mittee.

In connection with Messrs. E. S. Corser and C. P. Lovell, he is a proprie¬ tor of the beautiful Oak Park addition, bounded by Sixth and Plymouth ave¬ nues and Fourteenth and Twenty-second streets north. During the depression of 1878-9, Messrs. Corser and Barnes built about fifty hotises and four stores, giv¬ ing employment to many mechanics and laborers.

These enterprises have not been ephemeral, biit having been established with good judgment and backed by sufficient capital, have most of them be¬ come substantial and permanent insti¬ tutions. They have added thousands to the population of the eityand swelled its property valuation by millions.

His religious connections is with the Baptist chureh, in which he was nurtured. He believes that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and the Savior of the world. The Soeiety of Christian Endeavor and Young Men's Christian Assoeiation have his warm sympathy. He believes in eommon schools, in Sunday-schools, in public libraries, in university extension lectures, and in all measures ealeulated to enlighten and educate the masses.

In furtherance of his eharitable incli¬ nations he was aetive in solieiting funds and co-operating in the establishment of the Minneapolis Hospital College, of whieh he was a director and treasurer, an institution since incorporated into the State University and made the in¬ strument of its medical instruction.

The establishment of the Minneapolis Industrial Exposition was one of those enterprises which illustrates the uselfish and devoted spirit of her citizens. Though in form a stock company, the chief purpose of its establishment was rather patriotic than mercenary. Among those who devoted time, thought and capital to its promotion none were more conspieuous than Mr. Barnes.

This enumeration, somewhat tii'eso me in detail, shows as no descriptive lan¬ guage could express, the seope of the responsibilities which this tireless brain has carried on, the versatility of its op¬ erations and the beneficient ambition which has promoted them.

Yet not content with crowding the business hours of the day with labor; as in youth when pressed by the need of subsistence, he devoted the time usuall3^ given to reereation to additional toil; so in mature life when the necessity of accumulation no longer pressed upon him, he has devoted an average of four hours per daj", outside of business time.

to intellectual iini)rovement. His read¬ ing has been extensive and thorough. Among the sidjjects and authors that have engaged his attention, have been first the Hol\' Scriptures which he has read and re-read from year to year, dwelling with frequent repetition upon the Psalms. Then commentaries upon the weekly Sunday school lesson, as jn-eseribed by the committee for inteimational stud^^ Hume, Guizot, Green and Fi.sk in history. The Belles Letters of Irving, Longfellow, and Whittier, Metaphysics by Bacon and Drummond with biographies, poems, books of travel and explorations, and a judicious selection of light litei'ature by Scott, Hawthorne, Bulwer, and Lew Wallace. Even the ponderous annals of Josephus have received his patient attention. War histories and biographies have been a favorite subject of reading. Thus no less than one hundred and forty books have been gone through within the last six years. Through much travel throughout the countr\^ he has added the fruits of observation to the study of books.

Air. and Airs. Barnes have three children, Kate Augusta, born AIa\" 15, 1869; William Elwood, born Alarch 20, 1871, and Alexander J. born April 5, 1882. Their home in Oak Park is spacious and elegant.

Hknrv Elmhk Ladd. The Ladd family is one of the few but increasing number that values authentic histoiw sufficiently to preserve a genealogical record of its numerous members. In this instance the striking fact revealed, is the ])ersistency with which the family for six generations has clung to the rocky soil of the to wn in which its first Ameri¬ can ancestor made his permanent home.

Daniel Ladd, as the record runs, took the oath of supi'emacr' and allegiance to ])ass to New England in the AIar\' and John of London, Robert Sar'res, master, 24th of Alarch, 1623-4. He first settled at Ipswich, then removed to Salisbuiw, and accompanied the first company of settlers to the wild woods of Pautucket, (Haverhill), where he was allotted lands in 1649. For six generations his decendants remained near the spot of this ancestral settlement. The line of de¬ scent from the first Daniel was 2nd, Daniel 3d, Daniel 4th, Daniel 5th, Dan¬ iel 6th, Joshua 7th, Perle\' Al. The latter married Hannah R. Reidhead, who was descended from an ancestor, who, when a boy together with a brother at college at Cambridge, England, were deco^-ed on board a man of war, and brought involuntarih- to America. Another ancestor was Han¬ nah Dustin, of Haverhill, whose heroic escape from captivitr' with the Indians in 1697, has preserved her memory among the heroines of early American history.

H. E. Ladd, only son of Perlev AI. Ladd, was born at Salem, Roekinglmm County, New Hampshire, December 17, 1847. His father who followed the hum¬ ble trade of a carpenter, removed to Haverhill, Alass. when the son was five yejirs old, where his youth was i)assed until his nineteenth \'ear; when the fam¬ ily, of which young Henry was the oidy surviving child, removed to Alinneai)- olis. It was in the hope of improving his health, whieli with no ])artieular disease was not at .all robust, that the family sought a home so far from the Alerrimack Hills.

In 1866, a visit was made to the west and Minneapolis offered so maiiA^ attractions, that the family possessions were sold ont, and in the spring of 1867, a ])ermanent residence was taken here- Although the father with the aid of his son had conducted for some years a small grocery business in Haverhill, the\' did not immediately embark in the mercantile business here. Young Ladd was willing to accept an3' honest occu¬ pation which offered, and for a few months after his arrival assisted Albert Lawrence in gathering tolls at the Sus¬ pension Bridge, afterwards he worked for more than half a v'ear in the photo¬ graph galler3^ of W. H. Jacob3y on Nic¬ ollet and Second street.

Having thus gained a foot hold in his new home, he opened a fruit and eonfectionerv store at No. 216 Hennepin avenue, afterwards moving to Wash¬ ington avenue where the business was continued until 1874. Then selling his business he returned east and married Miss Anna M. Hagar, in Lawrence, Mass., daughter of Ruben and Nancie Hagar, of Union, Maine. He spent nearlv a 3"ear in the east and again visited that part of the countrv the following 3"ear, and attended the Centennial at Philadelphia. In 1877 he again embarked in the con¬ fectionery business, and continued it with fair success. He then sold his busi¬ ness and visited California, passing a winter on the Pacific Coast. Return¬ ing to Minneapolis he engaged in the real estate business in 1880. Five 3'ears later he took his present partner and continued the business under the name of Ladd & Nickels. The firm occupies fine rooms on the second floor of the Loan and Trust Company's building. To the real estate commission business thev have added loaning money for eastern investors. The business has become a very large one under prudent manage¬ ment. The3' have gained not only ex¬ perience, but the confidence of the public. The3^ have confined themselves to a legitimate commission business, never indulging in speculation, however tempting the prospect of profit.

In loaning money they have never gauranteed their loans, pledging onL the exercise of their best judgment. Through the viccissitudes of twelve years not a dollar loaned b3" them has been lost. Prudent, cautious, conserva¬ tive without ostentation, with remark¬ able financial sagacit3', Mr. Ladd has pursued the even tenor of his way, at¬ tending strictH and industriously to his own affairs, and has built up a business reputation among the best in his line o pursuit, and has achieved gratifying success. He has within the last two 3^ears' erected an elegant residence of cream Kasota stone at No. 131 Oak Grove street, where he now re¬ sides, his wife and himself consti¬ tuting the famihy as the3^ have no chil¬ dren. Though not large the house is ver3^ symmetrical, and attracts the at¬ tention of the passer as one of the most beautiful upon this veiw handsome resi¬ dence street.

Mr. Ladd came to Minneapolis while 3''et in his minority, and has literalh" "grown up with the countr3'.'' His career api)arently shaped 1)3' circum¬ stances, and falling in with the needs of the countr3^, with no shining cjualities or laborious preparation, illustrates the sure success which attends industr3', integrity and fidelit3^

William Henry Lauderdale. This successful business man and worthy citizen ranks as a pioneer of Minneapo¬ lis, having first made it his home in the earh' autumn of 1854. It has grown up under his e3^e, and he has shared in

Mr. Lauderdale is the son of a Scotch emigrant who settled in this country about the beginning of this century'. He was born at York, Livingston County, New York, August 15, 1830; and after the 3'ears of childhood, took his father's trade - that of a tailor, and woi'ked at it from his nineteenth to his twent^^-first \'ear at Sandusk\' Citv and Wooster, Ohio. At the latter place he was mar¬ ried March 20, 1852. His wife was Mar^' Elizabeth Sloane; and bringing his household effects the best part of the journe}' to Galena, beyond the railroad, was made in a wagon, whence the part^' came up the river in the Steamboat Nominee, until she sunk somewhere below St. Paul. After pass¬ ing two drear\" nights and a da\' on the shore, the}' were brought to St. Paul by a succeeding boat - the War Eagle.

The famih' found their first entertain¬ ment with Isaac I. Lewis, who occupied for a dwelling the upper part of the store occupying the site of the late cit\' market, at the corner of First street and Bridge Square. The winter was passed in the house of John Bohannon, at Shingle Creek, the owner being in the woods. Having made a claim of one hundred fift3'-two acres near Lake Cal¬ houn, the family removed to it in Alarch 1855, a claim house was built, a well dug, and a portion of the claim tilled. To pa}' for the land when it was brought into market. Air. Lauderdale was obliged to borrow some mone}', for which he paid the current rate of inter¬ est of five per cent, per month. The note was paid oft' through work at his trade, which he did for Joseph H. Thompson, who then as now, carried on a merchant tailor's business in Alinneapolis.

Afterward in 1868, he moved into the town and carried on the business of veterinar}' surger}' at the corner of Hennepin avenue and Twelfth street, in an establishment owned b}' himself. Having a fondness for animals, and closel}' observing their habits, he was quite successftd in their treatment. Air. Lauderdale was among the first to es¬ tablish a dairv which quite supplied the demand, where almost every famih'^ kept a cow, and the herds pastured where now ai'e cit}' streets and solid blocks. Air. Lauderdale was among the fii'st to establish a regular real estate business in the city. In 1879 he associated him¬ self with Miner Ball, and opened an office for the sale of real estate. After¬ wards he conducted the business alone, until the present firm of Lauderdale & Co. was formed, which consists of W. H.;J. W. (a nephew), and a son W. F., having its offices in Temple Court. Their dealings have been extensive, hon¬ orable and profitable, both to them¬ selves and their customers.

Mr. Lauderdale with his wife united with PU'mouth Congi'egational Church, Ala}' the 7th, 1865. Upon the planting of the Plymouth branch in North Min¬ neapolis, eight 3'ears later, which after¬ wards was organized as Pilgrim Church, AI r. Lauderdale joined the colony and was made deacon of the chureh. He has ever since held the position and has been an aetive woi'ker in the church and in the Sunda}' sehool, having held almost every office at one time and another in church and societ}'. He joined the Alasonic Fraternit}' in Ohio in 1852, and has been a leading member of Lodge, commander}' and consistory in Minne¬ apolis during the greater part of his residence here.

His bearing is dignified and his intereonrse cordial and frank. He has risen b\' force of integritr^ of character and indnstrjr, from the rank of toiler at a mechanical trade, to competency of fortune and an influential position in the community. Dignified, without arrog¬ ance, cheerful and kindly, he enjoys the respect and confidence of all who know him. The wife of his youth, who shared the toils and privations of his early resi¬ dence here, a gifted and estimable lad3^ died on the 8th of Augaist, 1872. The two children who accompanied the famil}^ at their settlement in Minneapolis are Margaret J., wife of Frank W. Murch, and Maiw Ruth, wife of Free¬ man P. Lane. A son, William Francis Lauderdale was born here JuH 5th, 1861, and is now a member of the real estate firm of Lauderdale & Co. In June 1875, Air. Lauderdale married Mrs. Susan A. Robertson, whose maiden name was Taylor. She was brought up in the Province of Nova Scotia. Of this marriage the children are George H., born Juh' 2nd, 1876; Harry T., born March 29th, 1881, and Mildred, born August 6th, 1882.

Cornelius B. Shove. The family liearing the somewhat unusual name is an ancient one in America, having been among the earlj" colonists of New Eng¬ land, tracing its lineage for two hundred and fifty years. Alonzo Shove, residing at S3 racusc. New York, was the father of C. B. Shove. He was a manufacturer of boots and shoes. The son was born Nov. 8, 1844. The familv removed to Manitowoc, Wis., when the son was six years old, where he passed his boyhood, and received the school training which the common school of a rural village furnished.

Manitowoc, where he remained for 11 years, acquiring the practical training in finance, which fitted him for the pe¬ culiar position which he was afterwards to fill with so much ability, as the manager of a large and successful insur¬ ance business.

In 1878 he entered the employment of the late J. B. Bennett, of Cincinnati, Ohio, one of the oldest and most suc¬ cessful insurance managers that the country has produced. At first he was sent to Macon, Missouri, to manage a local agency of the JEtna Insurance Co., of Hartford, Conn., the western agent of which Mr. Bennett was. When the Andes Insurance Company was organ¬ ized at Cincinnati, Mr. Shove removed to that city, and was appointed special agent of the company, the duties of which led him to travel widely over the country, establishing and supervising agencies, and attending to the interests of the company; afterwards he was ap¬ pointed agent of the compan3' for the state of Iowa. After the great Boston fire, which ruined so man3" insurance companies, among them the Andes, he engaged in the service of several insur¬ ance companies, as special agent and adjuster, until the year 1878 when he came to Minneapolis.

A year or two after coming here, he organized the Millers and Manufacturers Insurance Compan3q under a general law which was enacted at the session of 1880-1, authorizing the foimiation of companies to transact insurance busi¬ ness, upon a combination of stock and mutual plans. This law, which was an innovation upon established insurance theories, was favored by Hon. C. A. Pillsbury in the senate and Hon. H. G. Hicks in the house, and was approved by Hon. John S. Pillsbury, then governor of the state and by Hon. A. R. McGill, then the state insurance commissioner.

The Millers' and Manufacturers' Insui'- ance Companyconinienced business May 1st, 1881, and has met with uniform success. 1 1 is essentially a mutual com¬ pany, distributing- to such of its iJolicw holders as come under the mutual agreement, the siirplus of premiums ])aid Iw them, over the actual cost 'of the insurance.

Mr. Shove has been secretary and general Manager of the compan\' since its organization in 1881. He has intro¬ duced into its operation some features which are as novel as they have proved beneficial. The com])any employs no agents, and i)£iys out no commissions. It sends out its own salaried inspectors, who alone repi'esent it throughout the countrv.

The plan has worked successfully, due in great ])art to the careful selection of members, and scrutiny' of risks by com¬ petent £uul disinterested officers of the company. At the time of making its last stcitement August, 1892, the com¬ pany had assets amounting to v$526,- 710.65, of which $347,840.27 was sur¬ plus above all liabilities, including its deposited surplus of $100,000. It had disbursed in dividends since its organiza¬ tion $80,264.22, and paid losses amount¬ ing to $608,151.94.

Mr. Shove like other successful expon¬ ents of new ideas, is enthusiastic in the .'idvocaev of his scheme, and indefatig¬ able in working for its success. He is at the same time careful and conservative in his views and management. His home is at No. 1002 Hawthorn avenue, where he lives with his wife whom he married in 1883. She was Mrs. Carrie A. Nor¬ ton, of Chicago, Ill.

Hdwin Winslow Hekrick. Any biographical history of the Northwest would be imperfect which omitted refer¬ ence to those citizens of Minneapolis who have been prominently engaged in the various departments of commerce and finance, and whose labors and ability, enterprise and capital, have so largely contributed to her wonderful development, and who have been so closely identified with the various move¬ ments and agencies which have placed her among the prosjierous commercial centers of our land.

Closely connected with the develop¬ ment of Minnea])olis is the name of Ed¬ win W. Herrick, a mean whose long ex¬ perience in business affairs, whose knowledge of men, rare executive abilities and pleasant social qualities have won for him the highest respect and confidence of his fellow citizens. The Herrick family are descended from Erie the Forester, and the lineage is plainly traced from the time of .William the Conqueror in the eleventh centur}'. The most ancient ancestor of record, bearing the family name, was Sir William Her¬ rick, of Leicester, London and BeJiu Manor Ikirk, in England. He was £i member of I'arliament from 1601 to 1630, and was knighted by King James I, in 1605. He was an attache of the court of Queen Elizabeth, and by her was commissioned embassador to the Ottoman Porte. He was subsequently appointed to a lucrative position in the exchequer, which he held through the remainder of the reign of Elizabeth and that of James 1. In 1595 Sir William imrchased from the Earl of Essex the magnificent estate in the count}' of Leicester, known £is Beau Manor Park, which is still in the i)Ossession of his de¬ scendants in direct line, and for nearly three hundi-ed years has been the home of the English branch of the family and the hcc'ul quarters of the race. Henry Herrick, fifth son of Sir William, born in 1604, at Beau Manor, immigrated to America in 1653, settling first in Virgin- ia, and later, at Salem, Massachusetts. He was the progenitor of the family in America. Ephriam Herrick, a direct descendant of Henry Herrick, and grandfather of our subject, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and removed from Massachusetts (about 1620) to that part of western New York then known as the "Holland Purchase."

Edwin W. Herrick was born in Sheri¬ dan, Chautauqua county. New York, on the 13th of June, 1837, the son of Alfred N. and Caroline (Ambler) Her¬ rick. His father owned a farm lying near the bleak shore of Lake Erie, and it was here that Edwin, his brother and two sisters spent their early 3"ears. His father was a man of great strength of character, a willing worker in every good cause, prominent in educational affairs and a, leader in all humanitarian movements. He was for many years an honored deacon in the Congregational church, giving freely of his time and means to advance the interests of that faith. He was a man of the strictest integrit\% kind and just in all his dealings, and was universally respected. His death occurred in 1846. After his father's death, and from the age of nine to seventeen j'ears, j^oung Herrick lived with his grandfather, Hon. David Amb¬ ler, in Oneida county. New York, and with his uncle. Haven Brigham, who was his guardian, in his native town. During the winter months he attended the common schools, which with the addition of two terms at the old academy at Fredonia, comprised all of his school education. Fully realizing that his success in life must depend solely upon his own efforts, he, at the age of seventeen, accepted a position in the store of his brother-in-law, at Rich¬ mond, Ohio. He was expected to sweep, put up and remove the blinds and saw wood, receiving his board as compensa¬ tion. He had been taught that what¬ ever was worth doing at all was worth doing well, and his perseverance and industry exhibited in the performance of his first duties soon earned for him a promotion and a 3^ear's engagement in the same store at a salary of nine dollai's per month. His ability and shrewdness as a salesman and buyer of countr3^ pro¬ duce increased with experience, and his work gave such satisfaction that he was engaged for a second 3^ear at a salary of one hundred and thirty-five dollars. Before the close of this year his employer died, and he was selected by the admin¬ istrators to close up the business of the estate at a large increase in salary. Mr. Herrick's thorough knowledge of the business made his services now almost indispensable, and the successor to the business retained him more than three 3^ears at the highest salar3' then being paid to an3^ countr3' clerk.

Mr. Herrick next entered the largest wholesale and retail dry goods house in Cleveland, Ohio, as a salesman, where he pursued his chosen avocation with a vigorous determination to become mas¬ ter of it. In 1860 he made his first busi¬ ness venture, opening a dr3^ goods store in Ashtabrda, Ohio, with his eldest brother, William W., under the firm name of Herrick Brothers. His guardian had turned over to him a few hundred dollars, the remainder of his share of his father's estate, which, with his yearly savings, and a superabundance of energy and determination, comprised his capital. His sound, practical judg¬ ment and fair dealing during his busi¬ ness experience of eight years in this place brought him a fair degree of finan¬ cial success. During these years the civil war began and ended . His heart was always in sympathy with the Union and the cause of humanity', and his means ever ready tb aid in sending needed men

After the close of the war Mr. Her¬ rick realized that his thorough knowl¬ edge of the business, his indomitable cnerg\'^ and increased capital demanded a broader field for operation. This thought, seconded by a hope that a change of climate might benefit the health of his wife, whose tendency to pulmonary disease was becoming more pronounced, induced him to spend the summer of 1867 in prospecting through¬ out the west. He visited man\' cities befoi'e reaching Minneapolis, which then laid claim to a population of ten thous¬ and. Being favorabh" impressed he spent some time investigating the pros¬ pects and resources of the young city, and returned to Ohio fully convinced that this, of all the cities he had seen, was the place to "drive his stake.'' The business at Ashtabula was speedilv dis¬ posed of, and on the first day of June, 1868, the two brothers ai'rived in Min¬ neapolis. It was not for want of a good opening that the former line of business :was not again entered, but Mr. Her¬ rick's firm belief in the rapid growth of . the cit\' induced him to make his first -investment in real estate, and he has 'continued in that business ever since, i! He was for a time a member of the lumber firm of Jones, Herrick & Co., and successfulh- managed its finances. The real estate firm of Herrick Brothers || began business in 1868 and early in the seventies engaged in many transactions t)f magnitude and importance, among which was the creation of "Groveland Addition'' to Minneapolis, comprising nearly one thousand lots, now l3'ing in the heart of the residence portion of the city. His firm also secured large tracts of timber lands, the sale of which, fifteen years later, 3'ielded magnificent returns. .\nother important purchase was the real estate and building known as the "Aeadenu' of Alusic,'' then the most important block in the city, situated on the site now occupied by Temple Court. The elegant building was thought to be far in advance of the city's needs, and contained a spacious auditorium above the second floor, which was devoted to music and the drama. For ten years Mr. Herrick was the manager of public amusements in the Academy, at that time the finest theatre in the Northwest. His constant aim was to cultivate the public taste for music and to elevate the moral standard of the drama Iw ])resenting the best talent to be had in the West, though often done under most discouraging circumstances and at per¬ sonal pecuniary loss. The enterprise and untiring efforts of Mr. Herrick in this direction brought to Minneapolis the dawn of a new era ai\d a higher moral tone in the histor3' of her amuse¬ ments.

During the seven ^^ears of financial depression, from 1873 to 1880, when many men were forced into bankrupted", Mr. Herrick never, for once, lost faith in the cit\' of his adoption, and in those drears did much to stimulate the growth of the citd" by the erection of business blocks. On Clu'istmas dad", 1884, the Acadenid' of Music was partialh' destrod'cd bd" fire. llpon the site was erected, in the following d'ear and under Mr. Herrick's personal supervision, the costh" and beautiful fire-proof office building known as Temple Court. Mr. Herrick was one of the first subscribers to the stock of the "Soo Railwad'," recognizing the great benefit its comple¬ tion would bring to the citd' of Minne¬ apolis. During the period of its con¬ struction he was a director in the "Soo'' management, and was also for a time, president of an auxiliard' railwad' of that system.

His love for scenery and art made him an extensive traveler. His travels have extended in every state and terri¬ tory of the Union, as well as through the British possessions and Mexico. He has crossed the Atlantic four times, and visited nearly every country in central and northern Europe, including Norway, Sweden and Russia. On his European tours in 1886 and 1891, he was accom¬ panied by his only son, Roy Durand Herriek.

In politics Mr. Herrick is and always has been a Republican, though not a partisan, always desiring to see the best men in office. He has never aspired to official position, and his aversion to publicity or notoriety of any sort is very strong.

Although he was raised in the Puritan faith of his parents and immediate an¬ cestors, yet in his manhood his freer thought and naturally liberal mind found a more congenial and satisfactory home in the Universalist faith. Since 1869 he and his family have been identi¬ fied with the Church of the Redeemer in Minneapolis. In the west transept of this beautiful church edifice Mr. Herrick erected, in 1890, an artistie and costly memorial window of rare beauty in loving memory of the departed members of his family.

On July 29, 1861, Mr. Herrick married Miss Juliet C. Durand, at Westfield, New York, and their early married life was spent at Ashtabula, Ohio. Three ehildren were born to them : Dora G., in 1862, a lovely girl, who died at the age of nineteen years; Roy Durand, in 1869, at present a senior in Harvard University, and Edwin L., in 1875, who died suddenly in his seventh year. Mrs. Herrick was graduated at Wadawannuc Institute, Stonington, Connectieut, in 1860. She possessed a clear and brilliant literary mind and a keen pereeption, she was practical in thought and deed, and was a kind and loving companion and mother. Her mental strength was too great for her frail physique, and while at Jacksonville, Florida, in search of health, in February 1880, her pure spirit returned to Him who gave it.

In studying the eharaeter and career of Edwin W. Herrick, we note his active and comprehensive mind. His reeord is a remarkable one for its simplicity, its usefulness, its suecess. By his striet in¬ tegrity, unwavering determination and persevering industry, he has carved out of his surroundings a success that is purely his own.

Benjamin Seth Bull. Among the residents of Minneapolis whose life work has closed within the last few years, beloved by his intimates, respeeted in the community, enterprising in busi¬ ness, of unsullied character, with the crowning merit of a devoted and con¬ sistent ehristian life is Benjamin S. Bull.

He was a native of the town of Jaj', Essex county, N. Y., born Oct. 19, 1832. His ancestors were descendants of three English brothers who eame to this eountry some four or five generations ago. They were of the Quaker persua¬ sion, and settled respectively in Pennsyl¬ vania, New York and Vermont. Mr. Bull's immediate aneestors going to Ver¬ mont and later to northern New York. His father, Harry Bull, was a farmer oi small means, and able to give his son only the most ordinary advantages. From his twelfth year, the boy supported himself, and as he grew toward man¬ hood, developed such energy and capac¬ ity, that he took eontraets in various enterprises, which required integrity, taet and a thorough business character.

and following some acquaintances who had found homes in the West, came to Illinois. Here he rented a farm and gathered two crops, when, hearing glow¬ ing accaunts of Minnesota, then at¬ tracting considerable attention, he loaded a prairie schooner with his small stock of household effects, and with his wife and infant daughter, now Airs. Louis F. Alenage, started for the land of promise. The journey was taken in the autumn of 1855. Nature was most bountiful in dispensing sunshine, abundance and beauty all that long drive of three or four hundred miles, and the travelers reached Alinneapolis in health and happiness. Air. Bull soon identified himself with the active life of the ambitious young town. The team of horses which had brought him here served as his introduction into business, for he at once engaged in transferring merchandise from the river landing. Other teams were procured and he soon had established quite a transportation business. Mrs. Bull did not long sur¬ vive her settlement here, as she died in 1858. Two years after, Mr. Bull mar¬ ried Aliss Beulah Blish Newell, who was also a native of Jay, Essex county, N. Y. and whose ancestors were among the earliest New England colonists.

He now took up mercantile life and with Mr. H. Ruffcorn as a partner, opened a retail grocery store on First street, near Bridge Square. Before long the partner I'etired and Air. Bull con¬ tinued the business alone. His trade increased rapidly and was conducted with such ability that it attracted the attention of Mr. Hugh G. Harrison, a capitalist who had recently settled in Minneapolis. Air. Harrison made an unsolicited offer of a partnership and enlargement of business into a whole¬ sale hoiise. This resulted in the erection of the Harrison block, corner of Wash¬ ington and Nicollet avenues, to accom¬ modate the enterprise, and there the new firm began business. Air. Bull was manager and built up in the several 3'ears that the company continued, a large and prosperous trade. After years of success, the company sold to Alessrs. Stevens and Alorse. Air. Bull and Mr. Harrison continued their x^artnership engaging in the lumber trade, oiDerating one of the saw mills at the Falls, opening a lumber yard and carrying on an active business. After some time, being unable to renew a lease, held by other parties, on satisfactory terms, the3' decided to close UX3 their lumber business and the X^artnership was dissolved.

All the years of Air. Bull's manhood, u]j to this time, had been filled with in¬ creasing business activity, and to be out of business was an unhapxfiness. Very soon, however, a journey of mingled investigation and x^leasure was x^lanned by several leading citizens of Minneap¬ olis, Air. Bull being one of the number. The^^ were to go by Union Pacific and long stage route to the mining districts of Montana, where certain old Alinneapolitans were located. The journey was taken, and resulted, as far as Air. Bull was concerned, in a partnershq) being formed for mining x^urposes be¬ tween himself and Air. Isaac I. Lewis Their great hoxoe of success was centered ux)on a mine called the " Legal Tender," in the "Silver Bow " district. F'or four years Air. Bull gave the enterxirise his X3ersonal attention. This mine carried remarkabh' rich ore, but was caxjricious then as now, at times being a veritable Aladdin chamber and then disax^x^ointing the hox)es of even the most sanguine. The isolated location, long and exx^ensive transi^ortation, high xirices of labor and sux^idies, all tended to make the enter- XJrise less xjrofitable than its earh' x^romise, and he returned to AlinneaxDolis,

He now became engaged in the manu¬ facture of flour, and under the Arm name of Bull, Newton & Co., erected and oper¬ ated the "Humboldt" mill, the patent flour from which received first prize at the World's Paris Exposition in 1878. The assured success of this enterprise was termininated by the great mill ex¬ plosion, in which many others beside the "Humboldt" went down in utter ruin. Another and larger mill was built and run by the firm, but failed of the success its predecessor had gained.

In 1882, Mr. Bull and his son-in-law, Mr. L. F. Menage, formed a partnership for the purpose of operating in real estate. Among other enterprises was the purchase of a large part of the old " Lynd ale " farm, lying upon lakes Cal¬ houn and Harriet, and platting it as Calhoun Park and the several Reming¬ ton additions. The litigation which was carried on by Col. King, the former owner of the land, resulted in his recoverjf of the property through a latent defect in the title, and thus deprived Messrs. Bull & Menage of much of the profits which their energy ahd sagacity had well deserved. Their business, how¬ ever, was highly successful and earned for both parties fortunes of no inconsid¬ erable magnitude.

One source from which Mr. Bull de¬ rived much pleasure, during the later years of his life, was the oversight of his extensive farms, the largest of whieh was the " Haneoek " farm, eontaining some fourteen thousand aeres, and sit¬ uated near Haneoek, Minn. Here he had large grain and live stoek interests.

About the year 1869, Mr. Bull, Mr. Gilson and others introdueed the first street railway into Minneapolis. A franehise having been proeured, and the Min¬ neapolis Horse Railway Co. duly ineorporated, a traek was laid along Second street, conneeting the Milwaukee and Manitoba depots, and on it ears were run. The ehief use, however, was a transfer of ears between thetwo systems of roads. These gentlemen realized from the first that as a street railway it was prematui'e, but in tended to so operate as to retain the franchise, well forseeing the magnitude whieh the projeet would assume in time. All seemed prospering until Mr. Gilson, one of the aetive part¬ ners, died. This left the load too heavy for the other interested parties to earry, and it therefore was abandoned.

Mr. Bull was eonneeted with the First Baptist ehureh, having been baptised during the early pastorate of the Rev. Mr. Manton, when the ehureh oeeupied the site on Nicollet avenue where the Bank of Minneapolis now stands. He was a wise and prudant eounselor of the soeiety in the sale of its Nieollet avenue lot and purehaseof another on Hennepin avenue, where the Lumber Exehange now stands. He was also devotedly attaehed to the spiritual welfare of the ehureh and rendered liberal assistanee to its maintainanee.

By his second marriage, Mr. Bull had four ehildren, two of whom survive, his son, Benjamin S. Bull, and a daughter, now Mrs. Wm. G. Croeker. The death from eonsumption of an adult son, Irving J. Bull, who was a young man of much promise, was a sore afflietion to his parents.

Mr. Bull was naturally of a robust constitution and fine physieal presence, large in frame and sturdy in aetion. During the last years his vitality seemed to be giving away. He spent several winters in the South and California, later visiting the Hot Springs of Arkan¬ sas with apparent benefit. He was enenabled in great measure to eontinue his active life until two weeks before his death, when he was prostrated by apo-

This sketch gives but an imperfect idcci of his character. He had no desire to become conspicuous. He was ambi¬ tious to succeed in his undertakings and gave to his Imsiness his best thought and most persistent labor. But he sought success onh- b\' straight forward and thoroughh' honest means. He was an indulgent and loving husband and father, an honest man and useful citizen.

The rapid growth of the cit^', bring¬ ing so man^' new people, has in later years obscurred, in a measure, the earh' pioneers. During the first twentA-^ \'ears of his residence in Alinneapolis, few were better known and none more respected than Benjamin S. Bull.

Ezra Farnsworth, Jr. Alost iiersons who have been acquainted with the prominent people of Boston, Alass., dur¬ ing the last generation can not fail torecall the name of Ezra Farnsworth. He was a merchant, a deacon in Park street Congregational Church, and for many A'ears known in the religious world as a member of the Prudential Committee of the American Board, the great mission agency of the Congregational Churches. His ancestor settled at Groton, Alass., in 1G35, where a homestead has been oc¬ cupied in the successive generations by one bearing the name of Ezra Farns¬ worth from that time to the present. He married Sarah Alelville I'arker, a daughter of Isaac Parker, of Keene, N. H., but who passed his business life in Boston, where he was the senior member of the drA' goods commission house of Parker, Wilder & Co., the first to estab¬ lish the drA' goods commission business in America.